GIS and its applications in Health

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GIS and its applications in Health

• Ali-Akbar Haghdoost

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Definition

• Lilienfeld 1976 in Fundamental epidemiology
• Epidemiology study of distribution of disease,
  or pathological condition in human populations
  and factors that influence this distribution
• What does mean distribution in above
  definition?
• We should explore the distribution in time and
  space

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• GIS is a computer-based method for storing,
  mapping, visually analysing and reporting data in
  spatial as well as temporal formats

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GIS Applications

• Interactive Visualization/Analysis
• Planning and Management
• Environmental Risk Assessment
• Spatial Data Management and Access
• Custom Applications Development For Decision
  Support
• Web-accessible Spatial Information

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• By using a map to examine the geographical
  (spatial) locations of cholera cases in relation
  to other features on the map (water pumps and
  cemetery of plague victims), Snow was actually
  performing what is now known as spatial analysis.

lt Dr. John Snow (1813-1858), a legendary figure
in the history of public health, epidemiology and
anesthesiology
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• Most public health data has a geographic
  component
• Aggregated by county or state
• Include patient or facility address
• Maps show geographic data in a simple, visually
  effective manner
• Allow overlays of data related in space or time

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• Medical geography is the study of how disease and
  health care are distributed by location
• Epidemiology
• Facilities planning
• Risk analysis
• Sales territories

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• Hypothesis generation
• Mapping of rates and risks
• Detecting disease clusters
• Ecological studies (correlations between rates
  and risk factors)
• Hypothesis testing
• Control or cohort studies
• Pattern analysis

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?Example
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• In relation to vector-borne diseases, GIS enables
  us to identify and analyse factors that may
  explain part of the temporal and spatial
  distribution of vectors as well as the disease

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Annual risk of malaria per 100,000 population
between 1994 and 2001
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Malaria in Kahnooj
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