Ergot

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Ergot Ann Baker Katie Ditter Carrie Peterson
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Botanical Characteristics

• Parasite

• Sclerotium

• Conidia

• Reproduction

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History of Ergot

• Discovery

• Family

Names
Medicinal Purposes

• Folklore

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History of LSD
Discovery

• Original Purpose

• Social Impact

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Chemistry of Alkaloids
Nitrogenous and Basic
Physiologically Active
Salt and Free Amine Formation
Solubility
Crystalline Solid

• Bitter Taste

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The Ergot Alkaloids Structure based on indole
ring General biosynthesis of alkaloids
Starting amino acid is tryptophan All ergot
alkaloids are derivatives of ()-Lysergic Acid
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The Ergot Alkaloids Structure based on indole
ring Starting amino acid is tryptophan All
ergot alkaloids are derivatives of ()-Lysergic
Acid
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General Biosynthesis of Alkaloids
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Biosynthesis of Lysergic Acid
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Important Derivatives
Natural Products Ergonovine Ergotamine Semisy
nthetic Products Methylergonovine
maleate Dihydroergotamine mesylate Lysergic
acid diethylamine Synthetic Products sumatripta
n (Imitrex)
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History of Clinical Trials
1630fed to animals (all died)
1778duck and drake fed ergot
1831fed rooster ergot extracts
1884calmodulin alkaloid
1909tyramine
1910histamine
1906-1918ergotoxine and ergotamine
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Peripheral Effects

• smooth muscle contractions

• Cures migraine headaches
• lowers blood pressure

• extracts used

• Ergotamine tartrate caffeine
• dihydroergotamine

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Uterotonic Effects

• childbirth

• accelerate childbirth
• arrest hemorrhaging

• Extracts used
• ergonovine maleate
• ergometrine
• ergotamine (prolonged effects)

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Neurohormonal EffectsSerotonin antagonism

• Extract
• methysergide

• Treatments
• prophylaxis for migraine
• carciniod syndrome
• rhuematic affections

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Neurohormonal EffectsAdrenergic blockade

• Treatments
• high blood pressure
• cerebral circulatory disorders
• vascular disorders
• cervical syndrome

• Extracts used
• dihydroergocornine
• dihydroergokryptine
• dihydroergocristine

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Central EffectsBulbomedullary effects

• Effects
• bradycardia
• vomiting
• inhibition of vasomotor center
• inhibition of pressoreceptor reflexes

• Extracts
• ergot alkaloids alone
• (has sedative effect)

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Central EffectsMesodrencephalic effects

• Effects
• hyperthermia
• hyperglycemia
• mydriasis
• piloerection
• tachypnea
• hyperreflexia
• general motor
• hyperactivity

• Extract
• lysergide

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LSD
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References
Robbers, J.E., Speedie, M.K. Tyler, V.E.
(1996) Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology.
Williams Williams Media, PA. Etc.