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What do you notice most about this baby?

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Title: Cat-Eye Syndrome Author: SWHS Last modified by: monika.martin Created Date: 4/19/2001 8:17:33 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: What do you notice most about this baby?


1
What do you notice most about this baby?
2
Human Genetic Chromosomal Mutations
3
Mutations
  • are changes in the genetic material
  • can be good or bad
  • can be on a single gene or the whole chromosome

4
Intro to a Human Karyotype
5
What is a karyotype?
  • Picture of your chromosomes
  • Arranged from largest to smallest
  • quickly identify chromosomal changes

6
Normal Male and Female Karyotypes
In a human karyotype, the first 22 pairs of
chromosomes are the autosomes. The 23rd pair of
chromosomes are the sex chromosomes
7
4 Types of Genetic Disorders
  • Single gene
  • Change in the DNA sequence
  • More than 6000 known disorders
  • Autosomal or sex linked
  • 1 in 200 births
  • cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Marfan
    syndrome, Huntingtons disease

8
Types of Genetic Disorders
  • Multifactoral
  • combination of environmental factors and
    mutations in multiple genes
  • more complicated
  • heart disease, high blood pressure, Alzheimers
    disease, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, and obesity

9
Types of Genetic Disorders
  • Chromosomal
  • abnormalities in chromosome structure as missing
    or extra copies or gross breaks and rejoining
    (i.e.deletions, duplications, inversions,
    translocation)
  • Down Syndrome

10
Types of Genetic Disorders
  • Mitochondrial
  • rare type of genetic disorder
  • caused by mutations in the non-chromosomal DNA of
    mitochondria
  • Current Event

11
Think-Pair-Share
  • Do you know anyone with a genetic disorder?
  • If yes, What do they have?
  • Is the person male or female?

12
Turners Syndrome
1 in 5,000 births 45 chromosomes X only 23
MonosomyNondisjunction
13
Turners Syndrome
96-98 do not survive to birth No menstruation No
breast development No hips Broad shoulders and
neck
14
Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome
1 in 216,000 births 46 chromosomes XY or XX 5
Deletion of lower arm
15
Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome
Moon-shaped face Heart disease Mentally
retarded Malformed larynx Normal lifespan
16
Aniridia-Wilms Tumor Syndrome
1 in 50,000,000 births 46 chromosomesXY or
XX 11 Deletion of upper arm
17
Aniridia-Wilms Tumor Syndrome
Mentally retarded Growth retarded Blindness Tumors
on kidneys Short lifespan
18
Thirteen Q Deletion Syndrome
1 in 500,000 births 46 chromosomesXY or XX 13
Deletion of lower arm
19
Thirteen Q Deletion Syndrome
Mentally retarded Deformed face No thumbs Heart
disease Short lifespan
20
Prader-Willi Syndrome
1 in 5,000,000 births46 chromosomes XY97
XX3 15 Deletion of lower arm
21
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Small bird-like head Mentally retarded Respiratory
problems Obesity Short lifespan
22
Eighteen Q Deletion Syndrome
1 in 10,000,000 births 46 chromosomesXY or
XX 18 Deletion of lower arm
23
Eighteen Q Deletion Syndrome
Mentally retarded Heart disease Abnormal hands
and feet Large eyes Large ears Normal lifespan
24
Cat-Eye Syndrome
1 in 1,000,000 births 46 chromosomesXY or
XX 22 Deletion of bottom arm
25
Cat-Eye Syndrome
Fused fingers and toes Mentally retarded Small
jaw Heart problems Normal lifespan
26
Four-Ring Syndrome
1 in 10,000,000 births 46 chromosomesXY or
XX 4 Inversion
27
Four-Ring Syndrome
Cleft palate Club feet Testes dont descend Short
lifespan.
28
Down Syndrome
Down Syndrome Trisomy
1 in 31,000 births46 chromosomes XY97
XX3 14/21 Translocation
1 in 1,250 births 47 chromosomesXY or XX 21
Trisomy Nondisjunction
29
Down Syndrome
Short, broad hands Stubby fingers Rough
skin Impotency in males Mentally retarded Small
round face Protruding tongue Short lifespan
30
Pataus Trisomy Syndrome
1 in 14,000 births 47 chromosomesXY or XX 13
Trisomy Nondisjunction
31
Pataus Trisomy Syndrome
Small head Small or missing eyes Heart
defects Extra fingers Abnormal genitalia Mentally
retarded Cleft palate Most die a few weeks after
birth
32
Edwards Trisomy Syndrome
1 in 4,400 births47 chromosomes XX80
XY20 18 Trisomy Nondisjunction
33
Edwards Trisomy Syndrome
Small head Mentally retarded Internal organ
abnormalities 90 die before 5 months of age
34
Jacobs Syndrome
1 in 1,800 births 47 chromosomesXYY only 23
Trisomy Nondisjunction
35
Jacobs Syndrome
?
Normal physicallyNormal mentally Increase in
testosterone More aggressive Normal lifespan
36
Klinefelter Syndrome
1 in 1,100 births 47 chromosomesXXY only 23
Trisomy Nondisjunction
37
Klinefelter Syndrome
Scarce beard Longer fingers and
arms Sterile Delicate skin Low mental
ability Normal lifespan
38
Triple X Syndrome
1 in 2,500 births 47 chromosomesXXX only 23
TrisomyNondisjunction
39
Triple X Syndrome
Normally physically Fertile Mentally behavioral
and emotional difficulties are
possible
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