SCORM

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SCORM

• By
• Akshay Kumar

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What we want?

• What is SCORM?
• Connection with e-learning
• Application of XML Technology
• Technical description about SCORM
• Why it is important to us?

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Background A Thinking process?

• Design for Reuse
• Whats the right level of granularity?
• Tracking
• Whats the right level of granularity?
• Metadata
• How much is needed?
• LMS
• What does the Table of Content look like?
• Navigation Controls?

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Granularity and Reusability
Raw Data (Media Elements)?
Information Objects
Learning Objective
Lesson(Aggregation)?
Course(Collection)?
Context
Reusability -
Source Academic ADL Co-Lab (adapted from
Learnactivity)?
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What is SCORM?

• A software model
• defines the interrelationship of course
  components, data models, and protocols such that
  content objects are sharable across systems
  that conform with the same model.
• It is collection of specification adopted
  together for achieving some property of content
  like Accessibility, Adaptability, Affordability,
  Durability , reusability, interoperability

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Generalized view of LMS
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SCORM Content Model Components

• Assets
• building block of a learning resource.
• text, images, sound, assessment objects or any
  other piece of data
• More than one asset can be collected together to
  build other assets.
• SCO
• A SCO is a collection of one or more Assets that
  represent a single launchable learning resource
• tracked by an LMS

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Conceptual Makeup of SCO
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SCORM Content Aggregation Model
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Conceptual Representation of Activity
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Content Organization
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ltorganizationgt tag

• Title
• Item
• title
• Item
• adlcp timeLimitAction, dataFromLMS,
  completionthreshold
• imssssequencing
• adlnavpresentation
• Metadata
• imssssequencing

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Content Packaging
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Adding Sequencing Behavior

• A
• 1
• B
• 2
• 3

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Run time environmentCommunicating with the LMS

• / look up window hierarchy to find LMS provided
  API /
• API.Initialize()
• var name API.GetValue(cmi.learner_name)
• API.SetValue(cmi.score.scaled, 0.9)
• API.Terminate()

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API, API instance and API implementation
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CMI data model element

• Comments From Learner
• Comments From LMS
• Completion Status
• Completion Threshold
• Learner Id
• Learner Name
• Learner Preferences
• etc

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Conceptual API Instance Transition
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SCORM Run Time Environment

• fla

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Continue.
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Continue.
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Overall Picture in Meta-Data

• Examples with showing
• APIWrapper.js
• imsmanifest.xml

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Scope of Adaptation

• SCORM Content Aggregation Model

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Limitation considered..(one prespecitive)?

• limited adaptivity
• Run time environment do setting of the predefined
  rule with key value pair only. We can not change
  these values at run time after SCO made.
• This is again compact and it can not be used in
  different context by simple change. We have to
  make a new imsmanifest file for the changed
  context of learning.

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Continue.

• SCORM describes a solutions for systems,
  components and content interopability for
  learning
• Data and Behavioral interoperability
• SCORM does not extend beyond learning to
  management of learning
• SCORM does not impose any pedagogical or
  assessment model
• SCORM supports only limited pedagogical features

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Continue.

• No communication across SCOs
• No access to other SCOs
• SCO has its own behavior
• Using same hierarchy for structure, behavior and
  display
• Learners are individual
• It can not adapt learner experience without
  learner interaction
• There is no concept of alternate resource
  although we can simulate it by making various
  navigation restrictions
• There is nothing for picking some of resource
  from a collection of resource

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Development in SCORM

• January 1999 Executive Order 13111 signed
  tasking the DoD to develop common specifications
  and standards for e-learning across both federal
  and private sectors
• January 2000 SCORM Version 1.0
• January 2001 SCORM Version 1.1
• October 2001 SCORM Version 1.2
• January 2004 SCORM 2004 (1st Edition)
• July 2004 SCORM 2004 (2nd Edition)
• June 2006 Department of Defense Instruction
  (DoDI) 1322.26 Requiring DoD Use of SCORM
• October 2006 SCORM 2004 (3rd Edition)

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SCORM BOOK

• SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Overview
• SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Content Aggregation Model
  (CAM) book
• SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Run-Time Environment (RTE)
  book
• SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Sequencing and Navigation
  (SN) book

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SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Overview

• It gives
• an overview of the SCORM 2004 3rd Edition
  documentation suite
• the SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Conformance Test Suite
• SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Sample Run-Time
  Environment. 

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The SCORM Content Aggregation Model (CAM) book

• Describes
• components used in a learning experience
• how to package those components for exchange from
  system to system
• how to describe those components to enable search
  and discovery,
• how to define the sequencing rules for the
  components. 

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The SCORM SN book

• describes
• how SCORM conformant content may be sequenced
  through a set of learner-initiated or
  system-initiated navigation events. 
• The branching and flow of that content may be
  described by a predefined set of activities,
  typically defined at design time. 
• how a SCORM conformant LMS interprets the
  sequencing rules expressed by a content developer
  along with the set of learner-initiated or
  system-initiated navigation events and their
  effects on the run-time environment.

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The SCORM RTE book

• describes
• the Learning Management System (LMS) requirements
  for managing the run-time environment
• The RTE covers the requirements of SCOs and their
  use of the API and the SCORM Run-Time Environment
  Data Model.

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Discussion

• ?

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References

• http//www.adlnet.gov/scorm/index.cfm
• http//www.adlnet.gov/downloads/index.cfm
• http//coe.sdsu.edu/eet/articles/scorm2/index.htm
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCORM
• http//www2006.org/programme/files/pdf/p65-poster.
  pdf
• http//lttf.ieee.org/learn_tech/issues/january2005
  /index.html
• http//www.lsal.org/lsal/expertise/papers/presenta
  tions/id2scorm20030304/id2scorm20030304.pdf
• http//www.imsglobal.org
• http//www.imsproject.org/
• http//www.aicc.org/
• http//www.itsc.ieee.org/wg11/files/IEEE_1484.11.1
  _D5_submitted.pdf
• http//www.itsc.ieee.org/

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THANK YOU