Safety

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Safety Sanitation
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What is OSHA?

• Occupational Health and Safety
• The Act was passed by Congress in 1970
• Government agency, housed in the U.S. Department
  of Labor
• Regulates monitors employee safety in the
  workplace.

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Hazard Communication Standard

• HCS
• OSHA guidelines to protect employees
• Compliance is MANDATORY!
• Employees have the Right to Know when they are
  in a situation that could be health hazard.
• Responsibility is place on companies that
  manufacture hazardous materials and the employer.

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MSDS

• Material Safety Data Sheet
• All hazardous material must be clearly labeled if
  it is flammable, corrosive, or poisonous.
• MSDS is provided for every chemical.

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MSDS Sections

1. Manufacturer Information
2. Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information
3. Physical/Chemical Characteristics
4. Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
5. Reactivity Data
6. Health Hazard Data
7. Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
8. Control Measures

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Types of Safety Hazards

• Physical Hazards
• Chemical Hazards
• Biological Hazards
• Zoonotic Hazards

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Physical Hazards

• Most common is from animals.
• Frightened or nervous
• Bite, kick, and scratch
• Cats specific hazard
• Teeth and claws harbor bacteria that can cause
  serious illness to humans.

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Physical Hazards

• Other Hazards
• Back injuries due to improper lifting
• Falls on wet floors
• Exposure to x-rays
• Prevent
• Proper clothing and shoes
• Learn animal behavior
• Correct handling and restraining

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Chemical Hazards

• Drugs, cleaning agents, insecticides, and
  anesthetic gases
• Cause damage to skin, eyes lungs
• Some chemicals may cause abortion /or fetal
  abnormalities if absorbed into bloodstream.

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Biological Hazards

• Include living tissue and organisms, blood,
  urine, live vaccines, and any medical waste that
  has come in contact with living tissue such as
• Blood or urine soaked blankets bandage
  materials
• Needles scalpels (sharps)

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Danger of Biohazards!!!

• Can spread disease from one animal to another or
  from animals to humans
• Medical Waste Tracking Act (1988)
• Regulates the disposal of medical wastes and
  biohazards.
• EPA determines what regulations must be followed
  when disposing of biohazards.

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Disposing of Biohazards

• All sharps must be disposed of in red, sealed
  containers called sharp containers.
• Labeled with biohazard symbol.
• Medical waste must be sterilized, incinerated, or
  chemically disinfected before they are disposed
  of.
• Gloves and protective clothing should be worn
  when handling biohazards.

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Zoonotic Hazards

• Hazard is any disease that can be passed from
  animals to humans.
• Viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi can cause
  zoonotic disease.
• Types of Diseases
• Viral
• Bacterial
• Parasitic
• Fungal

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Diseases

• Viral
• Rabies (Hydrophobia)
• Sleeping sickness (Encephalitis)
• Bacterial
• Cat Scratch Fever
• Leptospirosis
• Salmonellosis
• Brucellosis
• Anthrax
• Tuberculosis

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Diseases

• Parasitic
• Sarcoptic mange
• Toxoplasmosis
• Visceral Larva Migrans (Toxocariasis)
• Creeping Eruption (Ancylostomiasis)
• Fungal Diseases
• Ringworm

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Prevent Diseases

• Vaccination of animals and humans
• Proper waste disposal
• Isolating infected animals
• Proper handling of infected animals
• Proper sanitation of hospital
• Hand washing
• Wearing protective clothing

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Safety Signs Equipment
OSHA requires specific safety signs and equipment

• Signs
• Danger
• Radioactive
• Biohazard
• Wet Floor

• Equipment
• Lead gloves
• Lead apron
• Back brace
• Dosimeter

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Handling Restraining

• Refer to Handout

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Drug Use and Sanitation

• Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control
  Act (1970)
• Title II Controlled Substances Act
• Legal foundation of narcotics enforcement in the
  US
• Regulates the manufacture distribution of
  drugs, places all drugs into 5 schedules.
• Kept locked up access by Vets Vet Techs
• Daily log of drug use

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Sanitation

• The process of keeping something free of any
  elements that would endanger health. There are
  many methods used to keep the hospital
  environment and the animals and people within
  sanitary.

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Types of Sanitation

• Cleaning physical removing all visible signs of
  dirt and organic matter such as feces, blood,
  hair, etc.
• Disinfecting destroying most microorganisms on
  nonliving things by physical or chemical means.

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Types of Sanitation

• Sterilizing destroying all microorganisms and
  viruses on an object using chemicals and/or heat.
• Antiseptics solutions that destroy
  microorganisms or inhibit their growth on living
  tissue.

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Commonly Used Chemicals

• Alcohols (ethyl alcohol, isopropyl, ethanol)
• Aldehydes (gluteraldehyde, formaldehyde)
• Chlorine (bleach)
• Iodine and Iodophors (Betadine)
• Quaternary ammonias (Centrimide, Quatsyl-D)

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Methods of Sanitation

• Physical Cleaning
• Cold Sterilization
• Dry Heat
• Radiation
• Filtration
• Ultrasound
• Autoclave

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