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Forensic Victimology 2nd Edition

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Forensic Victimology 2nd Edition Chapter Three: 9-1-1 Emergency Response 9-1-1 Emergency Response Nine-one-one (911) is the number that people in the United Stated ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Forensic Victimology 2nd Edition


1
Forensic Victimology 2nd Edition
  • Chapter Three 9-1-1 Emergency Response

2
9-1-1 Emergency Response
  • Nine-one-one (911) is the number that people in
    the United Stated call to obtain assistance from
    government funded agencies that provide police,
    fire, and emergency medical services.
  • It is a number that is reserved for emergencies
    only therefore, it is intended to triage citizen
    requests for immediate rescue from dire
    circumstances.
  • 9-1-1 is largely funded by local, state, and
    federal tax revenue.

3
History
  • The idea of a universal emergency number took
    shape in 1957, when the National Association of
    Fire Chiefs suggested an easy to remember phone
    number to report fires.
  • The notion was formalized in 1967, when the
    Presidents Commission on Law Enforcement and
    Administration recommended the establishment of a
    nationwide number for emergencies of all types.

4
Enhanced 9-1-1
  • E9-1-1 is the improved emergency response system.
  • It routes each call to the appropriate 9-1-1
    jurisdiction or answering point while
    simultaneously providing the callers location
    and phone number.
  • This includes cell phone information.

5
Duties
  • 9-1-1 operators, sometimes referred to as
    dispatchers, have specific obligations and
    responsibilities to their callers.
  • Obligations and responsibilities include
  • Taking the call,
  • Obtaining caller information quickly,
  • Triaging the call,
  • Summarizing the call,
  • Staying on the line,
  • Updating information,
  • Avoiding non-pertinent detail, and
  • Maintaining professionalism.

6
The 9-1-1 Call as Authority and Evidence
  • 9-1-1 dispatchers have the power to shape all
    other responding agencies impressions,
    conclusions, and attitudes.
  • Dispatchers have an obligation to be mindful that
    words like homicide, suicide, and accident have
    forensic implications and should be avoided when
    possible.
  • 9-1-1 calls are recorded by the system and become
    important documentary evidence of statements,
    caller knowledge, the occurrence of background
    events recorded during the call, and timelines.

7
The 9-1-1 Call as Authority and Evidence
  • Recordings are used by investigators, attorneys,
    and the courts as evidence to inform
    decision-making, implicate suspects and even to
    exonerate the innocent.
  • 9-1-1 calls are generally entered into evidence
    under the excited utterance exception to the
    admissibility of hearsay evidence.

8
Emergency System Challenges
  • There are universal challenges experienced by
    every 9-1-1 emergency response system. The top
    three tend to be
  • Personnel
  • Budgets
  • False alarms

9
The Consequences
  • Emergency response to victims can be delayed or
    non-existent
  • More victims can suffer from more crime, or
    extended episodes of victimization
  • Victims can die waiting for a response, or due to
    the negligence of those involved in the response
  • 9-1-1 dispatchers can suffer mental health
    consequences that go unrecognized and unattended
    leading to more of the above
  • Criminals can become emboldened by reliable
    delays in emergency response
  • The public can lose confidence in the emergency
    response system, and vote to defund it, making a
    bad situation worse.
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