The weird, amazing, and gross New Zealand mudsnail!

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The weird, amazing, and grossNew Zealand
mudsnail!
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Lets start with a review

• What number should you call if you find a NZ
  mudsnail in a water body?
• 1-866-INVADER!

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Mudsnail Trivia!

• The mudsnail belongs to what phylum?
• Poriphera
• Rotifera
• Mollusca
• Arthropoda
• Chordata
• Annelida

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Mudsnail Trivia!

• The mud snail belongs to what phylum?
• Poriphera
• Rotifera
• Mollusca
• Arthropoda
• Chordata
• Annelida

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What makes a gastropod unique from other
mollusks?

• Torsion! - bilateral symmetry twisted into figure
  8, so the relationship between mouth and anus
  changed
• Can you observe torsion in your NZ mudsnails?

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The mudsnail belongs to which Domain?

• Domain Bacteria            
• Domain Archaea
• Domain Eukarya

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The mudsnail belongs to which Domain?

• Domain Eukarya

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The Mudsnail has

1. Coelomate body plan.
2. Acoelomate body plan.
3. Protostome development.
4. Deuterostome development.
5. Radial symmetry.
6. Bilateral symmetry.

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The Mudsnail has

1. Coelomate body plan.
2. Acoelomate body plan.
3. Protostome development.
4. Deuterostome development.
5. Radial symmetry.
6. Bilateral symmetry.

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Link the three characteristics of a mollusk to
their functions

1. transport of materials
2. response to stimuli
3. gas exchange
4. locomotion
5. Reproduction
6. Protection

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Link the three characteristics of a mollusk to
their function

1. transport of materials
2. response to stimuli - ALL
3. gas exchange
4. locomotion
5. Reproduction
6. Protection

mantle
visceral mass
foot
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Take a guess What does the mudsnail eat?

1. Fish
2. Other mudsnails
3. Zooplankton
4. Phytoplankton
5. Aquatic plants
6. Periphyton (bacteria and algae that form a thin
   film on rocks and submerged plants)

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What does the mudsnail eat?

1. Fish
2. Other mudsnails
3. Zooplankton
4. Phytoplankton
5. Aquatic plants
6. Periphyton
7. (attached algae that form a
8. thin film on rocks and submerged plants)

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The mudsnails operculum allows the snail to

• Survive multiple days out of water
• Survive ingestion by a fish
• Prevent desiccation
• Invade new habitats
• All of the above

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The mudsnails operculum allows the snail to

• Survive multiple days out of water
• Survive ingestion by a fish
• Prevent desiccation
• Invade new habitats
• All of the above

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Which of the following invasive species are also
mollusks?

• Zebra and quagga mussels
• Asian Carp
• Rapa whelk
• Cyanobacteria
• Kudzu

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Which of the following invasive species are also
mollusks?

• Zebra and quagga mussels
• Asian Carp
• Rapa whelk
• Cyanobacteria
• Kudzu

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It reproduces HOW?

• Through parthenogenesis!
• Embryos grow and develop without fertilization by
  males
• How is this different from hermaphroditic
  reproduction?

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Why would an animal ever want to do THAT?
(parthenogenesis)

• No males needed! (Males are a drag because they
  can be hard to find)
• Rapid reproduction!
• How many snails are on that rock?

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Invasion of the CLONES!

• Only three different clones of mudsnails have
  been found in the USA! WHY?

Two western U.S. NZ mudsnail clones. The one on
the right is second clone (US 3) discovered in
2005 in the Snake River, Idaho.
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64 million dollar question Which of the
following characteristics helps the mudsnail
invade?

1. Parthenogenic females
2. Rapid population growth
3. Operculum
4. Small
5. Cryptic coloration
6. All of the above?

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64 million dollar question Which of the
following characteristics helps the mudsnail
invade?

1. Parthenogenic females
2. Rapid population growth
3. Operculum
4. Small
5. Cryptic coloration
6. All of the above!

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Mudsnails in the West
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Case Study Devils Lake, OR
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Introduction of the ? ? to Control Aquatic Weeds
in Devils Lake, Lincoln City,OR
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Asian Carp consumed macrophytes (Large aquatic
plants) . Water quality problems (high
nutrients) still persist. Resulting a blue-green
algae blooms
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Cyanobacteria Gloetrichia in Devils Lake,
Lincoln City, Oregon
Filament
Colony
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What is the role of NZ mudsnails at Devils Lake?

• What are they eating?
• What is eating them?
• What are they replacing?
• How might this impact the food web?

More evidence of impact is needed!
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Zebra mussels and Quagga mussels Same Phylum as
NZ mudsnails, but they have different invasion
strategies.
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The amazing strength of mussel. Its in the
protein byssal threads.

• Five times tougher and 16 times more extensible
  than a human tendon!
• What proteins does it use?

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Zebra Mussel Reproduction How does it help the
mussels invade?

• Sexual reproduction
• Has a larval stage
• What are advantages or disadvantages?

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Introduction
United States
Canada
Lake St. Clair
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Where have they spread?
1988 ---gt1990 ---gt 1992 ---gt 1994 ---gt 1996 ---gt
1998 ---gt 2002 ---gt 2005
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Where are they now?
1988 ---gt1990 ---gt 1992 ---gt 1994 ---gt 1996 ---gt
1998 ---gt 2002 ---gt 2005
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Where are they now?
1988 ---gt1990 ---gt 1992 ---gt 1994 ---gt 1996 ---gt
1998 ---gt 2002 ---gt 2005
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Where are they now?
1988 ---gt1990 ---gt 1992 ---gt 1994 ---gt 1996 ---gt
1998 ---gt 2002 ---gt 2005
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Where are they now?
1988 ---gt1990 ---gt 1992 ---gt 1994 ---gt 1996 ---gt
1998 ---gt 2002 ---gt 2005
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Where are they now?
1988 ---gt1990 ---gt 1992 ---gt 1994 ---gt 1996 ---gt
1998 ---gt 2002 ---gt 2005
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Where are they now?
1988 ---gt1990 ---gt 1992 ---gt 1994 ---gt 1996 ---gt
1998 ---gt 2002 ---gt 2005
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Where are they now?
1988 ---gt1990 ---gt 1992 ---gt 1994 ---gt 1996 ---gt
1998 ---gt 2002 ---gt 2006
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Now - Too close for comfort!
1988 ---gt1990 ---gt 1992 ---gt 1994 ---gt 1996 ---gt
1998 ---gt 2002 ---gt 2007
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How does the mussel reproduction strategy and
strong byssal thread relate to its ability to
invade?
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Great Lakes Nearest Quagga Mussel Infestation
????
Lake Mead, NV
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Bioaccumulation in Zebra mussel and pseudofeces
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We know a lot more about mussels impacts.Water
Clarity Changes in Lake Erie from Zebra Mussel
Filtration
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Increased Aquatic Plant Growth on Lake Erie
Attributed to Zebra Mussels
NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research
Laboratory
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Zebra Mussels - Hydro-Electric Power/Fish Impacts

• Clog turbine intakes, erode turbines and reduce
  power production
• Encrust fish ladders injuring fish and changing
  flow dynamics
• Clog juvenile passage facilities for salmon and
  steelhead

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Invasive Quagga Mussels. Why should you care?
http//www.100thmeridian.org/emersion.asp
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What we want to avoid in Oregon!
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What we are trying to avoid!
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Lets take Action!

• What can YOU do to prevent the spread of AIS?

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Brainstorm Session!

• What are some ways you can help?

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Easy steps to prevent the spread of AIS

• Never release any nonnative organism into the
  wild.
• Never move water, animals, or plants from one
  body of water to another.
• Learn to recognize common invaders.
• Share your knowledge with others to prevent the
  spread
• Report invasive species. In Oregon, call
  1-866-INVADER.
• DO A STEWARDSHIP PROJECT!

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What would be a cool stewardship project for your
class!?

• Awareness campaign?
• Help the community?
• Restoration project?
• Scientific research?
• Art or music related?
• Ideas are limitless!

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Thanks!

• Samuel ChanWatershed Education Team
  Leader503-679-4828samuel.chan_at_oregonstate.edu
• Tania Siemens
• Invasive Species Research Assistant
• 541-914-0701
• tania.siemens_at_orgeonstate.edu