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University of Nairobi School of Computing

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Title: University of Nairobi School of Computing


1
University of NairobiSchool of Computing
Informatics
  • ICT Sector Performance Review 2009/10
  • Prof. Timothy M. Waema
  • Research ICT Africa Kenya Team Leader
  • 16 November, 2010

2
Agenda
  1. Research ICT Africa (RIA) and ICT research
  2. Access and usage demand survey (2007)
  3. ICT sector performance review 2009/10
    (supply-side)
  4. Regulatory environment perception survey
  5. Research challenges
  6. Challenges policy recommendations

3
1. RIA and ICT research
  • RIA Network is one of the research networks
    originally started with funds from IDRC
  • Network has grown from 2004 and now consists of
    18 African countries
  • Purpose of RIA research is
  • to create a rich evidence base of the ICT sector
    developments in selected African countries to
    enable comparison of policy outcomes in different
    countries against national strategies and sector
    performance ? influence ICT policy
  • Kenya team consists of
  • 1. Prof. Timothy M. Waema 4. Prof. Meoli
    Kashorda
  • 2. Ms Margaret Nyambura 5. Dr. Monica
    Kerrets-
  • 3. Dr. Catherine Adeya Makau

4
2. Access and usage demand survey
5
Methodology
  • Use of NASSEP IV sampling frame KNBS
  • Sample 1461 HHs
  • Major urban 584 (40)
  • Other urban 439 (30)
  • Rural - 438 (30)
  • HH selection
  • Uniform sample of 24 HHs in each cluster
  • 1st HH randomly selected in each cluster
  • Next HH systematically determined (last HH
    interval)
  • Provision for replacements for vacant, demolished
    or households whose occupants were not available
    after a maximum of three call-backs
  • Respondents selection
  • Head of HH or next most senior member of HH
  • Data collection using PDA analysis by SPSS

6
Key findings
7
HHs with computer Internet

8
E-mail presence

9
Reasons for not using Internet

10
Internet tariffs 20 hrs/month

11
Monthly Internet expenditure

12
3. ICT sector performance review 2009/10
13
Methodology
  • Review of documents, e.g. CCK publications
  • Review of websites of operators, CCK, etc.
  • Telephone interviews with selected persons

14
Key findings
15
Summary of telephony services
  • Fixed telephone services
  • Connections been declining since end of monopoly
  • Slight growth in 2009 due revitalisation of
    Telkom Kenya following its privatization in 2007
  • Phenomenal growth of mobile services eaten into
    this market
  • Fixed wireless telephone services
  • Not been growing much
  • Expected to grow with migration to the Unified
    Licensing Framework

16
  • Mobile telephone services
  • Phenomenal growth (51.2 penetration by June
    2010)
  • Growth can be attributed to
  • the competitive effects resulting from the
    increased number of mobile operators
  • increased mobile coverage
  • aggressive marketing through increased offers and
    promotions, esp. availability of low denomination
    calling cards
  • increased affordability of handsets
  • Increased infrastructure sharing among the mobile
    phone operators
  • Safaricom shares towers with Zain and Orange
    through reciprocal arrangements
  • Essar Telecom Kenya (Yu) also shares Zains
    towers and base stations

17
(No Transcript)
18
Interconnection rates fixed to mobile phones
(USD) (2009/10)?

19
Mobile termination rates in US cents (Sep 2010)

20
Internet users
  • Have been growing slowly, with phenomenal growth
    2009/2010
  • 2.90m June 2008
  • 3.65m June 2009 (9.5 penetration)
  • 7.83m June 2010 (20 penetration)
  • Growth in 2009/2010 largely due to
  • entry of mobile operators
  • aggressive rollout of data services by mobile
    operators, esp. Safaricom
  • increased access to social networking sites
    through mobile phones that has become popular
    among the youth in the country
  • Internet penetration figures of other countries
  • 33.4 Mo 28.9 Nig 20 Ke
  • 10.8 SA 9.6 Ug 5.3 Gh
  • 4.1 Rw 1.6 Tz 0.5 Et

21
Commercial broadband bandwidth cost (Feb 2010)
Guaranteed bandwidth (Kbps) CCK Avg Sep 2009 Op 1 Feb 2010 New as of old tariff Op 2 Feb 2010 New as of old tariff
256 38,625 12,500 32.4 12,000 31.1
512 72,276 23,000 31.8 24,000 33.2
1024 282,102 lt3,500 48,000 600 17.0 48,000 600 17.0
Note Retail prices have been slow in coming
down!!
22
4. Regulatory environment perception survey
23
Background
  • What?
  • A perception survey of the Telecom Regulatory
    Environment (TRE) in Kenya from 57 industry
    experts from 3 balanced sectors
  • Operators, consultants, CSO/public
    sector/researchers
  • When?
  • Jul-Aug 2009 (before i/connection determination
    2)
  • Why?
  • Gather perceptions of the telecom regulatory and
    policy environment in the country
  • Gauge the strengths and weaknesses of the
    environment
  • Use the results to influence changes in the ICT
    policy and regulatory environment in Kenya
  • Benchmark with other African countries
  • Results ca be used as a tool for investors to
    assess regulatory risk in a country

24
Data collection
  • Assessment of three sectors
  • Fixed services, Mobile services, ISP/VAS services
  • For each of the 3 sectors, assessment of 7
    dimensions
  • Market entry
  • Allocation of scarce resources
  • Interconnection
  • Regulation of anti-competitive practices
  • Universal service obligation
  • Tariff regulation
  • Quality of Service
  • For each dimension, rating the quality of the
    regulatory environment on a scale
  • 1 highly ineffective to 5 highly effective

25
Key findings
26
Mobile services
27
VANS/ISP services
28
Regulation of interconnection
29
Regulation of anti-competitive practices
30
Quality of services
31
Average satisfaction rate
32
5. Research challenges
  • Difficult to obtain some of the data, esp.
    Financial data - investment and revenue
  • Most sector-oriented data not available
  • Limited information in operators websites
  • Some dont publish the tariffs on the web
  • Email contacts dont work - except customer
    service email whose directed queries were rarely
    answered
  • Offers and promotions that made it challenging to
    establish the actual tariffs
  • CCK information often differed from the operator
    data
  • While respondents promised to respond to the
    online regulatory review, most did not

33
6. Challenges policy recommendations
Challenge Policy recommendation Timing
National ICT policy not in tune with current realities Update the existing ICT policy through stakeholder participation June 2011
Regulations not supported by key stakeholders Review regulations with support of key stakeholders March 2011
High retail cost of broadband Institute a regulatory mechanism(s) to bring down retail broadband tariffs March 2011
34
Challenge Policy recommendation Timing
ICT is not real sectors, e.g. cannot obtain aggregated socio-economic data on ICT employment, GDP contrib., products, etc.) MoIC and KNBS to engage in a process that will create a single ICT/ITES sector and mainstream it into the national planning and operational frameworks (e.g. KNBS can collect data on ICT/ITES as a sector like all sectors) Dec 2011
35
Challenge Policy recommendation Timing
No institution has explicit mandate over ICT sector data Give legal mandate over ICT data to one of the existing institutions June 2011
ICT sector data is not accurate up-to-date Body to regularly collect and provide accurate data on ICT sector, collaborating with KNBS Conti-nuous
Independence and power of the regulator Strengthen CCK to be a more independent powerful converged regulator ?
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