Clandestine Cartography Part 3: The Imagery and its Uses

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Clandestine CartographyPart 3 The Imagery and
its Uses
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TALENT/KEYHOLE
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Mapping vs. Intelligence

• ARGON (KH-5) frame camera had reseaus for
  mapping
• Necessary for registering KH-14B strips
• Competition at first between CIA and Air Force
  (SAC targeting)
• Later KH-5 replaced by DISIC mapping camera

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Geodesy and WGS70
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Mission 9009 18 August 1960
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Coverage Denied territory, but
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Soviet SA-2 Launch Site
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KH-5 Argon Santa Barbara Channel
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Santa Rosa Island in 1967
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Early KH Pentagon
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CORONA/SPOT Pan comparison
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Mass imagery

• Georegistration
• Multiple copies
• Mosaicing
• Revisit and change detection
• All needed new hardware, training, methods etc

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PIC (Steuart Bldg) 5th and K Sts., NW (Navy Yard
Bldg 213 in January 1963)
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Kodak Film Processor
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Budget Pressure

• NRO/CIA budget also deep black
• OMB and congress seek to make use of money
  already spent as mission became less critical
• 1973 OMB report acknowledges civil role
• Civil backs up intelligence/military (e.g. Gulf
  War I)

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New Uses

• USGS Building E-1 Special Mapping Centers
• The USGS became the largest civil agency user of
  the CORONA imagery (Baclawski, 1997)
• EPA, Forest Service, FEMA Civil Applications
  Committee 1975, Medea
• Technology for cartography, UPDRAMS, UNAMACE,
  AS-11
• Birth of GIS and remote sensing
• A Pandoras box of potential applications

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White, Gray and Black

• Leaks A and B
• Secret sentries in Space 1971
• Deep Black 1986
• Photogrammetric Engineering
• Eugene Fubini DISIC, mapping and multiuse
• Gemini Control and reuse of components
• Apollo Lunar Mapping Camera SAMOS
• Geodetic mapping DMA 1972
• ERTS 1972 NRO/Air Force vs NASA (Landsat 7 and
  stereo)

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Deep BlackBurrows (1986)
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CAC Charter

• facilitate civilian agencies use of classified
  systems and coordinate the incorporation of
  photography, derived data, and technology in
  performance of domestic civilian functions

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Dredging and gold extraction
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Tsaidam Basin China RED DOT
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Autometrics Africa Mosaic
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CORONA and archeology
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Goleta, CA 24K Revision
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Today

• CORONA archives open, images at Sioux Falls and
  in National Archives 1995
• NRO acknowledged 1992
• All since KH-9, most of SAMOS etc still T-K
• Executive Order 12951 in 1995, five year promise
  completed in 2002
• Many uses of CORONA in environmental and
  historical work

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CORONA and GLIS/EarthExplorer
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KH-7 Hanoi 6/11/67
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KH-7 Moscow 4/6/79
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KH-9 Buenos Aires 10/31/74