TCOM 555 Network Management and Design

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TCOM 555 Network Management and Design

• George Mason UniversitySCHOOL OF INFORMATION
  TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING

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First Meeting Agenda

• 1. INTRODUCTION
• 2. E-MAIL ADDRESSES (james.a.mazzei_at_aero.org)
• 3. SYLLABUS REVIEW
• A. GRADING STANDARDS
• B. GROUP PROJECT
• System analysis protocol specification
• (2) Proposed system design and management plan
  
• (3) Presentations
• D. SUPPLEMENTAL READING
• 4. QUIZES HOMEWORK
• 5. FOCUS OF COURSE
• 6. THE BOOKS RELATIONSHIP TO THE COURSE
• 7. BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1

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Telecom-Data-Network Management

• Homework
• Send me an e-mail to james.a.mazzei_at_aero.org
• Revise the flowchart on page 42
• of the text to conform to your idea of how it
• would be more efficient or effective.

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Background-Concepts Chapter 1
1. BASIC BASICS 2. X.25 3. FRAME RELAY
4. ATM 5. GIGABIT ETHERNET 6. COMPARISONS
7. dBs S/N 8. NYQUIST 9. SHANNON 10.
NETWORK OPERATION MANAGEMENT
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Protocol

• A set of Rules Used to Enable Data Communications
• Procedures for Adding Order to the Exchange of
  Data
• Rules Relating to the Timing and Format of Data
  Transmissions
• Standard Procedures that Devices Must Accept and
  Use

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Standards

• Agreed Principles
• De Jure
• EIA (RS232)
• ANSI (X.25)
• ITU-T (CCITT) - (X V Series Recommendations)
• De Facto
• IBM, Bell System, et.al.

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Do It Yourself
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WHO

• Naming - Addresses
• Format
• Aliases

9
Addressing
Curly
Larry
Jim
Mo
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HOW

• Connections
• Type
• Linkage
• Bandwidth
• More Names

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Connectivity
A
E
Curly
Larry
C
B
F
D
Jim
Mo
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WHEN

• Timing Synchronization
• Channel Availability
• Device Availability
• Batch vs. Real Time

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Connectivity
2
1
A
E
Curly
Larry
C
B
F
X
D
Jim
Mo
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WHEN2

• Routing
• Quality Assurance
• Data Integrity
• Error Handling

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Routing
2
1
A
E
Curly
Larry
C
3
B
4
F
D
Jim
Mo
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WHAT

• Payload
• Character
• Block
• Packet/Frame
• Assemble/Disassembly

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Background Chapter 1
1. Data Telecom Networks 2. X.25 3. FRAME
RELAY 4. ATM 5. GIGABIT ETHERNET
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Packets
TO
FROM
data...
of
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Layers In The OSI Stack

Application Presentation Session Transport Network
Data Link Physical
Network Management uses some of these levels to
manage others But how do they relate to each
other?
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Services
Service Example Reliable message
stream Sequence of pages Reliable byte
stream Remote login Unreliable
connection Digitized voice Unreliable
datagram Electronic junk mail Acknowledged
datagram Registered mail Request-reply Databas
e query
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Services Interfaces
Interface Data Unit Interface Control
Info Service Data Unit Service Access
Point Protocol Data Unit
IDU
Layer N1 Interface Layer N
ICI
SDU
SAP
ICI
SDU
Header
SDU
Note It is very important to appreciate this.
N-PDU
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Service Primitives
Primitive Meaning Request An entity
wants the service to do some work Indication An
entity is to be informed about an
event Response An entity wants to respond to an
event Confirm The response to an earlier
request has come back
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Accasionally On Line
PC N1 PC N
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 min
Svr N1 Svr N
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Layers In The OSI Stack

Application Presentation Session Transport Network
Data Link Physical
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The Market Dropped!Sell!
Process 1 Computer 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
A Pr S T N DL Ph
P(1)OS-SQ P(2,3,4,5) Add , Compress P(1)OS-SQ
P(n) C(1)P(1)OS-SQ C(n)P(n) C(1)P(1)OS
C(n)P(n) C(1)P(1)SQ C(n)P(n) HHC(1)P(1)OS
C(n)P(n) HHC(1)P(1)SQ C(n)P(n)
GW
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1
P5 on C5
P3 on C3
P2 on C2
P4 on C4
3 2 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
2 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Router
Bridge
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Standards ProtocolsConcepts Review
1. Interface 2. Entities 3. Peer
Entities 4. Primitives
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X.25

• Packet Based
• Mesh/Partial Mesh/Star Topologies
• Layers 1 2 of the Protocol Stack
• First successful WAN protocol
• Connection oriented communications

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X.25
DTE
DCE
DCE
DTE
Call Request
Incoming Call
Call Setup
Call Accepted
Call Connected
Full Duplex Data
Clear Request
Clear Indication
Call Clear
Clear Confirm
Clear Confirmed
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Frame Relay

• Packet Based
• Mesh/Partial Mesh/Star Topologies
• Layer 11/2 Protocol of the Stack
• X.25 on Steroids
• Lobotomized X.25

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X.25 vs. Frame Relay

• X.25
• 9.6Kbps - T1
• High Overhead
• Each Hop

• Frame Relay
• 56Kbps - T3
• Low Overhead
• CRC at End Nodes Only
• Limited QoS

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Frame Relay Characteristics

• WAN Application
• CIR/CDR
• VCs PVCs
• Variable Packet Length
• Multicast Capabilities
• Service Provider Based

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X.25 Frame Relay Structures
Flag
Address
Data
FCS
Flag
Control
X.25 Frame Relay
Flag
Address
Data
FCS
Flag
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Frame Relay Structure
6
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
DLCI
CR
EA
DLCI
FECN
BECN
DE
EA
Flag
Address
Data
FCS
Flag
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Frame Relay Address
6
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
DLCI
CR
EA
DLCI
FECN
BECN
DE
EA
DLCI - Data Link Connection Identifier
Identifies logical connection (within
multiplexed channel) with which the frame is
associated CR - Command Response Not used in
DL-CORE protocols EA - Address Field Extension
Bit 0 indicates another octet coming FECN -
Forward Explicit Congestion Notification
Notifies to initiate congestion avoidance (e.g.,
We got a lot of stuff coming.) BECN - Backward
Explicit Congestion Notification Notifies to
initiate congestion avoidance in the opposite
direction of frame (e.g., We see congestion on
our receive side.) DE - Discard Eligibility
Indicator
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Frame Relay Structure
6
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
DLCI
CR
EA
DLCI
FECN
BECN
DE
EA
Frame Check Sequence (16 bit CRC)
Flag
Address
Data
FCS
Flag
01111110
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ATM

• Fixed Frame Based
• Mesh/Switched Topologies
• Layers 1 - 3 Protocol Stacks
• SVCs PVCs

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ATM

• WAN/MAN/LAN Application
• Multicast Capabilities
• Enterprise and/or Service Provider Based
• QoS

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Frame Relay vs. ATM

• ATM
• 25Mbps - OC12
• Low Overhead
• CRC at End Nodes
• High QoS
• Fixed Payload

• Frame Relay
• 56Kbps - T3
• Low Overhead
• CRC at End Nodes Only
• Limited QoS
• Variable Packet

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Gigabit Ethernet

• Supports Shared Switched Configurations
• Switching Accomplished by
• MAC Addressing (Layer 2 Switching)
• Network Layer Addressing (Layer 3 Switching)
• ATM

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Speed Comparisons (Mbps)
Megabits
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Cost Comparisons
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Decibells Logarithms
Converting watts to dB (or milliwatts to dBm)
10 log10 1000 watts 30 dBw Converting dB
to watts (or dBm to milliwatts) 30 dBw log-1,
or log-1 (3) or 10 raised to the 3rd
power 103 1000 watts 35 dBw 103.5
3162.3 watts
Note Theres a point between the 3 5.
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Decibells Logarithms
dBW Watts -3 .5 0 1 3
2 6 4 9 8 10 10 20
100 30 1000 40
10000 Note The same relationship holds with
dBm and miliwatts

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Nyquist Nyquist Nyquist
Nyquist The maximum practical data rate
(samples) per channel. Max R 2 H log2
V Logarithmic function to the base 2 For each
V, log V the exponent to which 2 must be
raised to produce V. Then if V 16, the log2 of
V 4. If V 2, the log2 of V 1. Then what
is the maximum practical data rate for BPSK
signal on a line with a bandwidth of 3000
Hz? What is the maximum practical data rate for
a QPSK signal on a line with a bandwidth of 3000
Hz?
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Shannon Shannon Shannon
Shannon The maximum theoretical data rate per
channel. Max R CBW x log2 (1 S/N) CBW
H in Nyquist Theorem Then what is the maximum
practical data rate for signal with a 30 dB S/N
on a line with a bandwidth of 3000 Hz?
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Telecom-Data-Network Management
Telecom from where using what? Data from where
using what? Networks from where using
what?
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Telecom-Data-Network Management


SNA OSI
Internet
User Apl Present Svcs Flow Control Xmt
Control Path Control Data Link Physical
Application Presentation Session Transport Network
Data Link Physical
Apl Protocol Transport TCP UDP Network
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Telecom-Data-Network Management

Application Presentation Session Transport Network
Data Link Physical
SNICP SNDCP SNDAP
Subnet Independent Convergence Subnet Dependent
Convergence Subnet Dependent Access Protocol
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Telecom-Data-Network Management
Network Management
Network Maintenance
Network Operations
Network Provisioning
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Telecom-Data-Network Management
Network Maintenance
Network Operations
Network Provisioning
Planning Fault
Management Fault Management Design
Configuration Mgt
Trouble Ticket Admin
Performance Mgt Network
Installation
Security Management Network Repairs
Accounting
Mgt Install Maintenance
Reports
Management Routine Net Tests
Inventory
Management
Data Gathering
Data Analysis
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DSN - Global Voice Network