?????S? ????O? ?? ?? ??T??? PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission)

1
?????S? ????O? ?? ?? ??T??? PIXE(Particle
Induced X-ray Emission)
???????S ??O????S ?.???? ???S???
2
???????????

• 1)F?S??? ?????T?? ?????O? ?
• 2)???? ???????????S ???????S
• 3)?F????G?S

3
??????S ?

• ???s? t?? ap??p???µ???? µ??t???? t?? sfa??????
  f?????
• ????e?s? at?µ?? ?a? ap?d???e?s? µe e?p?µp? H/M
  a?t???ß???a? µe e????e?a ?s? µe t? d?af??? t??
  f????? p?? eµp?????ta? st?? ??e?t????a??
  µet?pt?s?
• ?? e?d?? t?? ?/? a?t???ß???a? p?? e?p?µpeta?
  e?a?t?ta? ?µesa ap? t?? ?p?f???? ap? t?? ?p???
  pa?at??e?ta? ? ??e?t????a?? µet?pt?s?.
• G?a pa??de??µa, ? d?µ??????a ?p?? st?? ? f????
  e??? at?µ?? ? ?p??a s???de?eta? ap? µet?pt?s?
  e??? ??e?t?????? ap? t?? L3 ?p?f???? ?d??e? st??
  e?p?µp? ?a1 ?a?a?t???st???? a?t??a? ?.

4
??????S ?
5
????S ??? MOSELEY

• To 1914 o Moseley µe?et??ta? t? ??aµµ??? f?sµa
  t?? a?t???? ? pa?at???se ?t? ?p???e? e???t?s? t??
  e????e?a? ?a? t?? at?µ???? a???µ?? ? ?p??a
  s??????eta? st?? a??????? s??s?
• v?C(Z-s)
• Csta?.(????? ??a t?? ?d?a ?a?a?t???st???
  a?t??a ? ???? t?? st???e???), ssta?e?? ??????s??
• ??d???te?a, ??a t?? ?a ?a?a?t???st????
  a?t??e? t?? st???e??? ß?????e ?t?
• ?C(Z-1)2,C0,102ke
  V

6
EIS?GOG?

• ??? t? e???? t?? a?a??t???? µe??d?? µe d?sµe?
  ???t?? ßas????ta? st?? ?d?a a??? a?????, µ?a
  d?sµ? ???t?? ?eV e????e?a? st??e?e? ??a de??µa.
  ?a ???ta d?e?sd???? st? ????? ?????ta? e????e?a
  s??e???. ?at? t?? t?????? t??? ?p???e? p??a??t?ta
  ?a s??????st??? µe ?????e???a ? ??e?t????a.
  ?pe?ta, ta p?????ta a?t?? t?? a?t?d??se??
  e?p?µp??ta? ap? t? de??µa µe p??a??t?te? p??
  ?a???????ta? ap t?? e?e??? d?at?µ? ???e
  a?t?d?as?? ?a? te???? s???????ta? sa? ??a f?sµa
  p?? ???ßa??e? t?? p????f???a ??a t? ??µ???
  s?stas? t?? de??µat??.
• RBS,ERDA,NRA,PIGE

7
PIXE

• -Johansson(1970,Lund university, S???d?a)
• -Si(Li) a????e?e? ?a?a?t???st???? a?t??e? ? ap?
  de??µa p?? a?t???ß??e?ta? ap? ?eV p
• F?S???S
  ???????S??S
• 1)????ap??? a?e?ast???? s?ed?se?? t?? ???t?? ?a?
  t?? at?µ?? t?? de??µat??
• 2)? e????e?a t?? ???t?? ?a µe???eta? ?at? µ????
  t?? t?????? t??? (stopping power)
• 3)K?p??a ap? ta ?t?µa t?? de??µat?? ?a ????st???
  ?a? ?a d?s??? a?t??e? ? µe p??a??t?ta p?? ?a
  d??eta? ap? t?? e?e??? d?at?µ? t?? a?t?d?as??
• 4)?? a?t??e? ? de? ?a ß???? ap? t? de??µa (X ray
  attenuation)

8
ACCELATORS

• ??e?t??stat???? ep?ta???t?? (Van de graaf, tandem
  ?.a.)
• ?andem???s?µ?p??e? ??a te?µat??? d??aµ??? se d??
  st?d?a ??a t? d?p?as?asµ? t?? e????e?a? p??
  ep?t?????eta? se ap???? ep?ta???t??.
• ?a?a???? ?et???? ???t??(50 keV)?µetat??p? se
  a???t??? ???ta?e?t??p??ta? µe t? ß???e?a µa???t?
  ?a? ep?t????s? se 1? st?d??????? ap? ?et???
  d??aµ???(V eVolts)?st?? pe????? t?? te?µat????
  ??e?t??d??? d?as?????? ??a ?ept? ????? se a???a
  µ??f? ?a? ap?ß?????? n ??e?t????a??et??? ???ta µe
  f??t?? ne?ep?t????s? se 2? st?d?? µe e????e?a nV
  eVolts
• ???(1n)V eVolts Ea??

9
T?O??????S ?????G?S??S ????????O?

• - ? ap?d?s?(yield) t?? ?a?a?t???st???? a?t??a?
  ? e??? i-st???e??? t?? de??µat?? p??? t??
  ?ate????s? t?? a????e?t?
• YiQ/e
  ?c(x)si(E(x))e(-µx/cos?)dx
• ?p?? c(x)s????t?s? s?????t??s?? t?? i
  st???e???,Qs??????? ???es? t?? de??µat?? sta
  e?se???µe?a ???ta(f??t??),sie?e????
  d?at?µ?,µsta?e?? e?as????s?? t?? a?t???? ?
• - ? s??s? µeta?? t?? ??tas?? t?? a?t???? ? ?a?
  t?? s?????t??s?? e??? st???e???
• 
  IQcK µe csta?.,?calibration
  constant(a?e???t?t? ap? ?e?µet??a ?a? s??µa)
• ?e
  ?si(E(x))e(-µx/cos?)dx

10
T?O??????S ?????G?S??S ????????O?

• S????????ta?
• - G??s? p????? ?a? s??µat?? t?? de??µat??
• - G?a ?a ?p?????s??µe t?? apa?a?t?te? p?s?t?te?
  ??a ??a pe??aµa PIXE
• A.) ?e???t???? ?p?????sµ?? ap? µa??µat????
  s??se??(?,s,µ)
• (fundamental approach)
• B.) s?????s? µe ???st? de??µata
• - ?? µe?a??te?e? aßeßa??t?te? ?p?????? st??
  e????e?a t?? ???t??(?), st? f??t??(Q), st?
  ?e?µet??a (?,f) ?a? st?? ap?d?s? t??
  a????e?t?(e).

11
(No Transcript)
12
VACUUM SYSTEMS

• ? d?sµ? s?µat?d??? µetaf??eta? st? ???aµ? st????
  µ?s? s????a ?????? ?e???
• ?e?? 10-3-10-4 Pa p?es?? a??et? ??a??p???t???
• ?µe??t?a ap??e?a e????e?a?(1eV/1m)

13
COLLIMATORS AND DIFFUSER

• ? e?e???? d?at?µ? t?? d?sµ?? ?e???t??? a??????e?
  ??a??s?a?? ?ata??µ?
• ?µ???µ??f?a t?? d?sµ???diffuser and collimators
• Diffuser??aµpt? ?????, ????? ?e?µ??? ?a?
  ??e?t???? a????µ?t?ta (?l, Cu, Ag, Au)
• O Montenegro ßas???µe??? st? ?e???a Mayer ß???e
  µ?a s??s? µeta?? t?? aßeßa??t?ta? t??
  ?µ???µ??f?a? t?? d?sµ?? ?a? t?? p????? t??
  diffuser

14
COLLIMATORS AND DIFFUSER

• Collimatorss??µa da?t???d???, d??µet?? 3 ??? 8
  mm
• ?1.) beam define collimator
• ?2.) antiscattering collimator
• -Ka??te?? est?as? t?? d?sµ?? ??a e?a?s??ta
  de??µata?nuclear microprobe system?est???e? t?
  d?sµ? µe µ?a se??? ap? µa???t??? tet??p??a

15
COLLIMATORS AND DIFFUSER
16
COLLIMATORS AND DIFFUSER
17
F?????

• ?as??? pa??µet???
• ?ßeßa??t?ta st?? a???ß? µ?t??s? t??
• ??? t??p?? ?p?????sµ??
• - A.) ?µes?? t??p?? ?p?????sµ???s??des? t?
  ß?s? p?? e??a? t? de??µa(sample holder) ?a? t?
  Faraday cup µe ??a? ????????t? f??t???
• ?a?a?t???st??? ?µes?? µe??d??
• ?? t? de??µa e??a? ?ept? t?te ? d?sµ? ?a
  staµat?se? st? faraday cup. A? e??a? pa?? t?te ?
  c.i. Ta s?????e? ???????? t? f??t?? ap? t? ß?s?
  t?? de??µat??.
• ??e?t????a p?? fe????? ap? t? de??µa µp????? ?a
  ?pe?e?t?µ?s??? t? s??????? f??t??. ??t?
  d??????eta? efa?µ????ta? ??a ?et??? d??aµ??? st?
  faraday cup ?a? st? de??µa.
• ?.) ?µµes?? t??p?? ?p?????sµ???RBS

18
EXIT FOIL

• G?a de??µata ta ?p??a de? µp????? ?a ß??s???ta?
  se ?e?? (p? ???? µ??f?),p??pe? ?a e?s????µe a??a
  st? ???aµ? st????. Ost?s?, ?ts? ????µe µe??s? t??
  eµß??e?a? t?? p??t????? ?a? e?as????s? t??
  a?t???? ?. G? a?t?, s?????? ???s?µ?p????µe ?e
  ??at? ? ap????f?s? t?? a?t???? ? e??a? 10 f????
  µ????te?? ?a? ????µe µe?a??te?? ?e?µ???
  a????µ?t?ta.
• G?a de??µata p?? de? µp????? ?a ß??s???ta? st?
  ???aµ? st????, ? d?sµ? p??pe? ?a pe??se? st?
  a???? µ?s? e??? ?ept?? f????? ??????.(µ????
  p??a??t?ta ??a p???????? a?t?d??se??)

19
EXIT FOIL
20
EXIT FOIL
21
SAMPLE CHANGERS AND TARGET HOLDERS

• ?e t? p??asµa t?? ?????? ? PIXE ????e µ?a µ???d??
  ???t??a??p???? de??µata s??e??µe?a?sample changer
• ?arget holder
• - A????µ? ?????
• - Sta?e?? ?e?µet??a(? ep?f??e?a t?? de??µat??
  ?a e??a? p??ta st? ?d?? ep?ped?)
• - ? ?atas?e?? t?? e?a?t?ta? ap? t? de??µa ?a?
  e??a? d?af??et??? ??a ???e e??ast????
• - ???s??? ??e???eta? ?ta? t? µ??e??? t??
  d?sµ?? p??se????e? t? µ??e??? t?? ep?f??e?a?.
  ???? st?? ?ate????t??a ?d????? se d?as???p?s? t??
  d?sµ?? ?a? background p??ß??µata

22
????G?S ???????
23
????G?S ???????

• ?a?at???se??
• 1)?e???? e???? t?µ??(at?µ???? d?ast?se??),e???t?s?
  ap? Z ?a? e????e?a ???t??
• 2)?e???? s?µ???? ?
• 3)?e???e? t?µ?? s?µ???? ?e?µa(lt1n?)?µ???? ??µ??
  st? de??µa
• 4)?? ?beam energy(particles/sec), Ndensity of
  atoms in the sample, sX-ray cross section, t?te
  ? ???µ?? pa?a????? t?? a?t???? ? e??a?RIs?dx
• 5)Ndxm/Nav/A,mmass/unit area
• 6)A???µ?? a?t???? ?
• nIsmNav/A t e

24
?F????G?S

• ?tµ?sfa????? ??pa?s?
• -?e??µata ap???aµµ? t?aµ d?p?a st? e??ast????
  (sample 1,2), a?t?????t?d??µ? µe????? ?????f???a?
  (sample 3),µp??st? ap? t? e??ast???? (sample 4),
  e???? (sample 5)
• -3 Mev protons(cyclotron)
• -Kyoto university(1979)
• -? de??µat?????a ????e µe ap????f?t??? ?a?t?.
• -?????e?a2 ??e? ??a ???e de??µa

25
?F????G?S
26
?F????G?S
27
?F????G?S

• ?a?at???se??
• 1) H s?????t??s? t?? s?d????(Fe) sta de??µata 1,2
  e??a? e?t?p?s?a?? ?a? ?fe??eta? st?? ???e? t??
  t?aµ.
• 2) ? ????? s?????t??s? t?? st???e??? e?t?? t?? Fe
  st? de??µa 3 ?fe??eta? ?????? st?? ????s? ?a? sta
  p???? a?t?????ta.

28
?F????G?S
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
S??????S????

• ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??S
  ???????G??S, ? ??T???S PIXE ???? ????? ????TO???
  ?????OS?S S? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ? ??T?O????
  F????S?? ?????? ?? ???????S?? ??S ?F????G?S ???
  ?????? ?? ???? S?? ??????

35
BIB?IOG??F??

• http//www.mrsec.harvard.edu/cams/PIXE.html
• http//www.jinaweb.org/outreach/PIXE-PAN08/student
  s/PIXEc02.pdf
• http//www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1
  190_prn.pdf
• http//www.elementalanalysis.com/services/proton-i
  nduced-x-ray-emission-pixe/
• E?sa???? st?? p??????? f?s???(Cottingham-Greenwood
  )
• ???ast???a??? as??se?? at?µ???? ?a? µ???a???
  f?s????(S.?.?.F.?.)