11 million people were exterminated

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11 million people were exterminated
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6 million Jews5 million non-Jews1933 - 1945
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They were shot,
starved,
gassed
and burned
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Definitions

• Genocide The systematic annihilation of a
  political, racial, religious or cultural group
• Holocaust Wide spread complete destruction
  especially by fire. Its used to describe the
  catastrophe that be fell the Jews in W.W.II .
• Shoah A Hebrew word meaning mass slaughter. Use
  began once the term Holocaust began to be used
  more often outside of referencing the Jewish
  experience in W.W.II

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How Can the Holocaust Happen?

• The escalation of hate
• The power of words and images
• Steps to genocide

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Escalation of Hate
Institutionalized, government sponsored racism
Genocide
Discrimination
Prejudice
Stereotyping
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The Power of Words

• The great masses of the people will more easily
  fall victim to a big lie than a small one
• How fortunate for leaders that men do not
  think
• The victor will never be asked if he told the
  truth
• I believe today I am acting in the sense of the
  Almighty Creator. By warding off the Jews I am
  doing the Lords work
• What do all these quotations have in common?

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All were said by Adolf Hitler
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The personification of the devil as the symbol of
all evil assumes the living shape of the
JewAdolf Hitler
Hitlers minister of propaganda Joseph Goebbels,
links love of Germany with hatred of the Jews
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How did they know who was Jewish?

• November 1935 German churches begin to
  collaborate with Nazis by supplying records
  indicating who is Christian
• State of the art data processing was used to take
  a census in all German territory. Early on the
  Nazis included questions on religious heritage
• The machine allowed Nazi officials to tabulate
  huge amounts of data very quickly

German Hollenith Machine a subsidiary of IBM
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The Steps to Genocide

• Step 1
• You can not live among us as Jews Stripping of
  Rights
• Step 2
• You can not live among us Segregationand
  Concentration
• Step 3
• You can not live Extermination

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Step 1 Stripping of Rights

• 1935 Nuremberg Laws put restrictions on all
  aspects of
• Jewish life. Some of the 1400 laws
• Ones you already know
• Outlined who was a Jew under the law
• Stripped Jews of German citizenship
• Marriages between Jews and Aryans forbidden
• Some other restrictions
• Jewish holidays are removed from the German
  calendar
• Forced to carry ID cards passports stamped with
  a J
• Forced to wear the arm band of the Yellow Star
  of David
• Fired from jobs businesses boycotted
• Banned from German schools and universities
• What impact will this have on Jewish life?

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Step 2 Segregation Concentration

• GHETTOS- a confined area in a city or state in
  which Jews are forced to live
• 356 ghettos are established in Eastern Europe
  during WWII
• Purpose
• To separate, isolate and effectively control the
  Jewish population of Europe
• Conditions
• filthy, with poor sanitation and extreme
  overcrowding
• Disease was rampant and food was in such short
  supply that many slowly starved to death
• Warsaw, the largest ghetto, held 500,000 people
  and was 3.5 square miles in size

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Nazi ghettos were a preliminary step in the
annihilation of the Jews. Ghettos became
transition areas, used as collection points for
deportation to concentration death camps
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• Concentration Camps - Arrival
• Camps were built on railroad lines for efficient
  transportation
• Prisoners transported in cattle freight cars
• All are given numbers- some have this tattooed on
  their wrist
• All prisoners wore some kind of badge indicating
  their prisoner status

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• Concentration Camps - Life
• heads were shaved
• Prison uniforms worn
• Men, women and children were separated
• Limited food about 200-300 calories a day
• Up to 10 people per bed
• Unsanitary, disease ridden and lice infested
  barracks
• inhumane medical experiments performed

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Why Have Camps?

• Essential to Nazis systematic oppression and
  eventual mass murder of enemies of Nazi Germany
• Slave labor moved them towards their ultimate
  goal- annihilation by work
• What was taken from Jews was used to provide
  goods for the German People

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Step 3 Extermination

• Law for the Protection of Hereditary Health
• Idea was to improve the quality of the German
  race
• Nazi policy to eliminate those unworthy of life
  (mentally or physically challenged) to promote
  Aryan racial integrity
• Policy halted in 1941 due to outcry within
  Germany
• Einsatzgruppen
• (mobile killing units) had began killing
  operations aimed at entire Jewish communities in
  the 1930s.
• Thought to have killed as many as 1 million
  people in six months
• Vigorous participation of local police helped
  facilitate the killing

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THE FINAL SOLUTION

• DEATH FACTORIES Nazi extermination camps
  fulfilled the singular function of mass murder
• Wannsee Conference (Berlin -1942 ) established
  the complete solution of the Jewish question
• Called for the complete and mass annihilation
  and extermination of the Jews as well as other
  groups
• Zyklon B gas became the most commonly used agent
  in the mass extermination

Reinhard Heydrich (right), who chaired
the Wannsee conference, here with Heinrich
Himmler.
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Once selected, you began the process of
extermination
Your luggage would be left for collection later
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• First you removed your valuables

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Then you removed your shoes and clothes
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Eyeglasses

• Confiscated property from prisoners was kept in
  storerooms nicknamed Kanada. The sheer amount
  of loot stored there was associated with the
  riches of Canada

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• Then they removed your hair

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Finally

• Prisoners were sent to gas chambers disguised as
  showers
• Zyklon B gas used to gas people in 3 15
  minutes
• Up to 8000 people were gassed per day at
  Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest death camp with 4
  operating gas chambers
• Gold fillings from victims teeth were melted down
  to make gold bars
• Prisoners moved dead bodies to massive
  crematoriums

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Major Death Factories

• Sobibor - 250 000
• Chlemno - 255 000
• Majdanek 360 000
• Belzec 601 500
• Treblinka 750 000 - 870 000
• Auschwitz-Birkenau 1 100 000 1 600 000

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Nearing the End of the War

• By 1945, the Nazis began to destroy crematoriums
  and camps as Allied troops closed in
• Death Marches (Todesmarsche) Between 1944-1945,
  Nazis ordered marches over long distances.
  Approximately 250 000 375 000 prisoners
  perished in Death Marches

• On January 27, 1945, the Soviet army entered
  Auschwitz (largest camp) and liberated more than
  7,000 remaining prisoners, who were mostly ill
  and dying.

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European Jewish Population in 1933 was 9,508,340
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Estimated Jewish Survivors of Holocaust
3,546,211