Bacterial pneumonia

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Bacterial pneumonia

• Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause
• Capsule around the bacteria causes virulence
• Symptoms are high fever, chest pain, difficulty
  breathing
• High mortality rate in elderly patients
• Vaccine is available
• Antibiotic treatment with penicillin

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Mycoplasma pneumonia

• Atypical pneumonia caused by the bacteria
  Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• Bacteria has no cell wall
• More common in young adults (under 40) and
  children
• Symptoms are low grade fever, cough, headache
  that may last for several weeks
• Treated with erythromycin and tetracycline

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Legionellosis(Legionnaries disease)

• Legionella pneumophila
• High fever, cough
• Air conditioning systems, and other water
  features
• Spread through air (aerosol), not person to
  person
• Philadelphia outbreak 1976 - 221 affected 34
  deaths

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Spread of Legionnaires Disease
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Influenza
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What is influenza?

• RNA virus that has three classes
• Influenza A
• Disease in humans, can cause pandemics
• Influenza B
• Inflects humans, less severe than type A
• Influenza C
• Infects pigs and humans, generally mild disease

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Structure of the flu virus

• RNA virus
• Outer lipid coat
• Projections on the outer layer
• Hemagglutin spikes (H) 16 types
• Neuraminidase spikes (N) 9 types

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Spikes

• Hemagglutinin spikes
• 500 per virus
• Allows virus to recognize and attach to body
  cells
• Antibodies made to these spikes

• Neuraminidase spikes
• 100 per virus
• Help virus separate from infected host cell

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Why do I need to get a new flu shot every year?

• Antigenic drift changes in the structure of the
  spikes that allow the virus to evade the immune
  system
• Occurs on an annual basis
• Antigenic shift major change in the protein of
  the spikes that creates a virus that is new to
  the human population little herd immunity major
  epidemics

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Flu shots/Flu season
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Coccidiodomycosis

• Fungal disease of the lungs
• Coccidiodes immitis
• Endemic to the desert southwest
• Causes either no symptoms or mild symptoms,
  including chest pain, fever, coughing, and weight
  loss
• Immune suppressed individuals may develop a TB
  like disease that can become systemic
• Amphotericin B is used to treat the condition

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Coccidioidomycosis