Natural Disasters

1
Natural Disasters

• By Patrick L. Abbott

2
Chapter 11

• Hurricanes and the Coastline

3
Overview

• Hurricanes
• How a Hurricane Works
• Hurricane Origins
• North Atlantic Ocean Hurricanes
• Cyclones and Bangladesh
• Coastline

4
Overview (cont.)

• Waves in Water
• Waves on the Coastline
• Human Effects on the Coast

5
Hurricanes

• Hurricane
• Tropical Cyclone
• Andrew, August 1992
• Tropical storm

6
How a Hurricane Works

• Tropical Disturbance
• Tropical Depression
• Hurricane Energy Release
• The Eye

7
Hurricane Origins

• Atlantic
• Indian Ocean
• Cyclones
• Western Pacific Ocean
• Typhoons

8
North Atlantic Ocean Hurricanes

• Cape Verde-type Hurricanes
• Tropical Waves
• Hurricane Paths
• North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)
• Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico-type Hurricanes
• Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
• Mitch, October 1998

9
North Atlantic Ocean Hurricanes (cont.)

• Forecasting the Hurricane Season
• Hurricane Damages
• Storm Surges
• Heavy Rains
• Nelson County, Virginia, 1969, Mudflows and
  Debris Avalanches
• Hurricanes and the Atlantic Coastline
• Galveston, Texas, September 1900

10
North Atlantic Ocean Hurricanes (cont.)

• Gulf of Mexico Coast Example Texas
• Hurricanes and the Atlantic Coastline
• Hugo, September 1989
• The Evacuation Dilemma
• Global Rise in Sea Level
• Hurricanes and the Pacific Coastline
• Pauline, October 1997
• Iniki, September 1992

11
Cyclones and Bangladesh

• Most Deadly Cyclones
• Submerged in Water
• Coastline
• 12-13 November 1970
• Population Increase

12
Coastline

• Damage by Waves
• Building Communities and Cities
• Losing Beach Sand

13
Waves in Water

• Wavelength
• Fetch
• Rogue Waves
• Swell

14
Waves on the Coastline

• Why a Wave Breaks
• Summer Versus Winter Beaches
• Beach Sand as Coastal Protection
• Wave Refraction
• Longshore Drift
• Longshore Current
• Submarine Canyons
• Turbidity Currents

15
Human Effects on the Coast

• Dams
• Cliff Protection
• Groins
• Rip Currents
• Jetties
• Jetties for Mission Bay, San Diego, California
• Breakwaters