New Perceptions

1
The Imperial Crisis

• New Perceptions
• Changing relationship

2
French and Indian War1754-1763

• Turning Point
• Change in Colonial-British Relationship

3
Competition for Empire

• Four Imperial wars 1689-1763
• Issue World Balance of Power (BOP)
• Competition France v. Britain
• French and Indian War starts in colonies
• Issue control of Ohio River Valley all of
  North America
• Washington Fort Necessity

4
North America in 1750
5
Albany Plan

• Franklin defensive union
• Failed no desire to give up power
• Iroquois threaten to desert British and trade w/
  French

6
(No Transcript)
7
Seven Years War

• Native American tribes exploited both sides!
• Pitt War for Empire
• Belt of the World Great Power

8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
French and Indian War 1754-1763

• Settlement
• Treaty of Paris 1763
• Britain controls all of N. America
• Contrasting perceptions and post war goals
• True losers League of Iroquois and Indian
  tribes lost ability to control BOP on the
  frontier

11
North America in 1763
12
Effects of the War on Britain?

• It increased her colonial empire in the
  Americas.

It greatly enlarged Englands debt.
Britains contempt for the colonials created
bitter feelings.
Therefore, England felt that amajor
reorganization of her American Empire was
necessary!
13
Effects of the War on the American Colonials

1. It united them against a common enemy for the
   first time.

1. It created socializing experience for all the
   colonials who participated.

3. It created bitter feelings towards the
British that would only intensify.
14
Treaty of Paris 1763

• Watershed
• Benign Neglect New Imperialism
• Autonomy unified system
• Whos the boss? Who Rules?

15
Parliamentary Sovereignty v. Assembly

• Parliament governs can make all laws, levy any
  tax
• Goal increased control and increased revenue
• Virtual representation

• Only the assembly can tax
• Assembly protects liberty
• Natural law and government experience supports
• Direct representation

16
Factors that contribute to the revolution

• The change in relationship post 1763
• American perception of rights, liberty- both
  political and economic
• British inconsistency in governing
• Cadre gentry of elite who help to create the
  revolution

17
Signals of change

• 1763 Neolin ?Pontiacs Rebellion
• 1763 Line of Proclamation
• Otis Writs of assistance

18
Imperial Policies

• 1761 ? writs of assistance

• Protection of a citizens private property must
  be held in higher regard than a parliamentary
  statute.

• He lost ? parliamentary law and custom had equal
  weight.

19
Pontiacs Rebellion 1763
20
Pontiacs Rebellion
21
Line of Proclamation
22
Three Imperial Crises

• Escalating tensions
• British actiongt American response gtBritish
  reaction New Tea Act
• 1773
• Townshend Acts
• B
• O 1767
• T
• Grenville Program 1764

23
Representation Sovereignty

• What was the extent of Parliaments
  authority over the colonies??
• absolute parliamentary sovereignty
• sovereignty of the assembly

Q-gt How could the colonies give or
withhold consent for parliamentary
legislation when they did not have
representation in that body??
24
Grenville Program 1764Taxation and Representation

• British Actions
• Sugar Act
• Currency Act
• Quartering Act
• Stamp Act 1765
• Declaratory Act 1766

• American Response
• Henry-Virginia Resolves
• Stamp Act Congress
• Sons of Liberty
• Stamp Act Riots

25
Taxation and Representation

• Taxation
• External v Internal
• Indirect v Direct
• (trade) (revenue)
• British can tax both
• Americans External only

• Representation
• Virtual v Direct
• Br Am
• Only the assembly can directly tax
• Fears of conspiracy against liberty

26
Stamp Act Crisis
27
Townshend Acts 1767

• External Taxes lead, paper, paint, tea, glass
• Increase customs collectors
• Increased troops to Boston
• Increased use of writs of assistance
• REPEALED BUT tea tax remains
• Boston Massacre 1770

• BOT applied
• Dickinson Letters from an American Farmer
• circular letter
• Change in colonial thinking only assembly can
  tax for all purposes
• Riots against customs agents

28
The Excise Man
29
Reveres Boston Massacre
30
New Tea Act 1773

• Gaspee committees of correspondence, NY assembly
  disbanded
• Boston Tea Party

• Period of Calm 1770-1773
• Grants monopoly, decreased tea prices

31
Boston Tea Party
32
Boston Tea Party
33
British Reaction

• Coercive Acts punish Mass.
• Close port of Boston
• Dissolve assembly martial law
• New Quartering Act
• Administration of Justice Act
• Quebec Act - Canada
• Ohio River Valley attached to Canada
• No representative assembly

34
Gage in Boston
35
First Continental Congress Sept 1774

• Moderate, conciliatory
• Plan for common defense
• Call up militia (minutemen)
• Declaration of Rights and Grievances
• Suffolk Resolves
• Nullified Intolerable Acts
• Boycott
• Continental Association

36
Push toward radicalism

• Lexington Concord
• Paine Common Sense
• Economic, political, social
• emotional
• Bunker (Breeds) Hill

37
Lexington and Concord
38
Paines Common Sense
39
Second Continental Congress May 1775

• Created Continental Army
• Washington --- Commander in Chief
• Olive Branch Petition
• Declaration of Causes of taking up Arms
• Secret Committees navy, Canada, allies
• Declaration of Independence

40
Declaration of Independence

• Philosophy of government natural law and
  justification of right to rebel
• Indictments GIII
• Declaration of independence states

41
The Declaration Committee
42
(No Transcript)
43
(No Transcript)