Once upon a time

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Once upon a time
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Pyrmont as new urbanism
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• The new urbanist approach can be applied at
  many scales, from individual subdivisions to
  entire regions. One of the avowed goals of new
  urbanism is to reduce the environmental impact of
  development and to protect natural areas. Among
  other things, it promises to cut land consumption
  through more compact development decrease air
  pollution and energy consumption by reducing
  driving and limit water pollution by preserving
  wetlands and by reducing the number of roads and
  other impervious surfaces that produce
  contaminated runoff. Pollard, 2001

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The Congress for New Urbanism

• views disinvestment in central cities, the
  spread of placeless sprawl, increasing separation
  by race and income, environmental deterioration,
  loss of agricultural lands and wilderness, and
  the erosion of society's built heritage as one
  interrelated community-building challenge.
  user.gru.net/domz/charter.htm

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• We advocate the restructuring of public policy
  and development practices to support the
  following principles neighborhoods should be
  diverse in use and population communities should
  be designed for the pedestrian and transit as
  well as the car cities and towns should be
  shaped by physically defined and universally
  accessible public spaces and community
  institutions urban places should be framed by
  architecture and landscape design that celebrate
  local history, climate, ecology, and building
  practice. user.gru.net/domz/charter.htm

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The Ahwahnee Principles

• Complete and integrated communities
• Walking cities
• Diversity of housing stock
• Business-jobs correlation
• Integrated land-use and transport planning
• Centre focus
• Open space squares, greens, parks
• Public places
• Well defined edges and corridors

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The Ahwahnee Principles

• Non-motorized transport networks
• Preservation where feasible of natural terrain,
  vegetation, drainage
• Resource conservation, waste minimization
• Water management
• Energy efficiency
• Regional context
• Integrated implementation strategies
• Public participation

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Benefits of new urbanism

• Access and accessibility
• Liveability
• Reduced costs to governments and individuals
• Reduces the need for travel
• Sensitive to cultural heritage
• Traffic calming
• Sense of place
• Based on long-term construction principles and
  practices

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• Integrates different groups
• Makes walking feel more enjoyable
• Avoids commercial blight
• Increases citizen access to culture
• Local orientation in business
• Less car dependence
• Passive surveillance and civic care
• Links to other existing neighbourhoods
• Preserves and promotes community character
• Self sufficiency emphasised

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The great neighbourhood

• Identifiable centre and edge you have arrived
• Mixed land use and building stock
• Built-in diversity
• Networks
• Prime property is public property

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Private cities
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Critiques of new urbanism

• Nothing new here
• Recurring planning themes
• Simple clusters of housing, retail, transit
  systems
• Exclusive
• Failure to implement principles of equity
• Diluted by political and capital concerns
• Basically banal

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Tangible results
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Design for sustainability

• mixture of commercial and residential uses
• smaller lots and more parks and open space
• walkable, transit-oriented neighborhoods and
• street networks instead of cul-de-sacs connected
  to a few large collectors and arterials.