Geomorphic Analysis of the Yalobusha River System

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Climate
Watershed Considerations
Farming Operations
Livestock
Hunting
Fishing
Family Recreation
Riparian Wetlands
Lakes Reservoirs
Gully Streambank Erosion
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Where do the Pollutants Come From ?
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AGNPS 2001 Watershed Evaluation Tool
GEM
WEATHER
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AGNPS 2001
A partnering effort between the
Agricultural Research Service
and
Natural Resource Conservation Service
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AGNPS 2001

• Input/Output?GIS support, TOPAZ, Visual Basic
  Editor.
• Climate? synthetic weather generator (GEM)
• AnnAGNPS?pollutant loadings (sediment
  chemicals).
• CONCEPTS?instream hydrodynamic processes.
• SNTEMP?stream network water temperature.
• SIDO?sediment intrusion dissolved oxygen for
  redds.
• Fry Emergence?mortality of salmonid fry.
• Salmonid Total Life Stages?spawning-to-return
  spawners.
• Salmonid Economics?net economic value of
  salmonids in Pacific Northwest.

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AnnAGNPS

• Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source
  Pollution computer model.
• Continuous simulation, surface runoff pollutant
  loading (PL) computer model.
• Replacement for single-event AGNPS 5.0.
• Written in standard ANSI Fortran 95?no memory
  limits.

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AnnAGNPS operational modes
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AnnAGNPS Uses NRCS Standards
Processes
Databases

• Weather Generation - GEM
• Runoff SCS Curve Number
• Peak Runoff TR-55
• Erosion - RUSLE
• Sediment Delivery - HUSLE

• Soils - NASIS
• Crops and Operations Set by NRCS State
  Agronomists
• HUWQ Databases Fertilizer, Pesticides, Animal
  Wastes, etc.

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AnnAGNPS the pollutant loading model

• Loadings by kind of pollutant
• Water?rainfall, snowmelt, irrigation, point
  sources.
• Sediment by particle size-class
• clay
• silt
• sand
• small aggregate and
• large aggregate.
• Chemicals (adsorbates solutes)
• nutrients?nitrogen, phosphorous, organic
  carbon and
• pesticides?any number, any kind.

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AnnAGNPS the pollutant loading model

• Loadings by source of pollutant
• Cells (land areas)?water, sediment,
  chemicals.
• Feedlots?soluble nutrients.
• Gullies?sediment and chemicals.
• Point Sources?water and chemicals.
• Reaches?sediment yield chemical transport.
• Impoundments?sediment deposition.

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AnnAGNPS major processes
gully
reach 1
reach 3
reach 2
feedlot
impoundment
reach 4
point source
watershed outlet
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AnnAGNPS source accounting
10 of outlet sediment from gully
80 of outlet pest X from cell C
gully
reach 1
feedlot
Reach 3
reach 2
25 of outlet nitrogen from feedlot
impoundment
reach 4
point source
watershed outlet
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AGNPS 2001 WATERSHED DESCRIPTION
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Tucannon River cropland after thunderstorm
showing severe erosion
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AnnAGNPS cell processes

• Weather?varies air temperatures, relative
  humidity allows for variable rainfall between
  cells.
• Precipitation?rainfall, snowmelt, irrigation
  runoff.
• Soil moisture?precipitation, infiltration,
  percolation, evapotranspiration.
• Management operations?crops, rotation,
  fertilizer, etc.
• Irrigation?determines amount if automatic.
• Winter routines?snowpack, melt, frozen ground.
• Curve number?antecedent moisture condition
  (current soil moisture).
• Sediment yield?RUSLE or USLE.

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AnnAGNPS cell processes (continued)

• Pesticides?application decay adsorbates
  solutes.
• Nutrients? application decay adsorbates
  solutes.
• Adds cell data to reach routing processes?if
  runoff event occurs.
• Adds cell data to simulation totals?if source
  accounting requested.
• Writes to a detailed stream network file?if this
  output is requested.

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AnnAGNPS cell processes (continued)

• Cells
• Foliage?relative growth, nutrients,
  pesticides
• Soil surface?residue, nutrients, pesticides
• Soil profile?moisture, frozen layers, residue,
  nutrients, pesticides and
• Operations?next operation rotation year.
• Feedlots
• Manure pack nutrients?soluble only
• Date of new operation?calendar date
• Amount left over from previous operation?non-dimen
  sional ratio
• Initial manure amount?mass and
• Daily change in manure production rate?mass per
  unit time.

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AnnAGNPS reach processes

• Water?rainfall, snowmelt, irrigation, point
  sources.
• Sediment Yield?by particle size-class source.
• Chemicals?nutrients, pesticides, organic
  carbon.
• Impoundments?sediment deposition.

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USDA-ARS-NSL - CONCEPTS

• CONSERVATIONAL
• CHANNEL
• EROSION
• POLLUTANT
• TRANSPORT
• SYSTEM

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USDA-ARS-NSL - CONCEPTS

• Integrates the impact on instream water quality
  from upland and channel processes to provide a
  comprehensive stream corridor evaluation tool.

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USDA-ARS-NSL - CONCEPTS Impact of Channel
Incision

• A common and destructive mode of channel erosion
• Bed lowering causes banks to become unstable and
  widening proceeds at a very rapid pace
• Destabilizes the landscape and leads to severe
  downstream impacts

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USDA-ARS-NSL - CONCEPTS Characterization of
Streambank Erosion

• Bank-toe erosion
• Integration of hydraulic, sedimentologic, and
  geo-technical processes influencing bank failure
• Frequency of bank failure
• Incipient motion criteria for removal of failed
  material

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USDA-ARS-NSL - CONCEPTS Effect of riparian
vegetation on river restoration

• Flexible vegetation exert major influences on
  flow resistance
• Areas of enhanced deposition and erosion affect
  channel geometry
• Plant roots affect stream bank stability
• Woody debris influence flow channel hydraulics
  and morphology

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Upper middle Tucannon River showing loss of
riparian vegetation
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Lower end Tucannon River showing lack of
riparian vegetation stream instability
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Integration of Riparian Zones Within AGNPS 2001
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Integration of Riparian Zones Within AGNPS 2001
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Integration of Riparian Zones Within AGNPS 2001
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Integration of Riparian Zones Within AGNPS 2001
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Integration of Riparian Zones Within AGNPS 2001
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Integration of Riparian Zones Within AGNPS 2001
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AGNPS 2001 Web Site

• What is available at the web site
• web site instructions
• model(s) overviews
• technical feature abstracts
• reference input databases
• documentation
• executable files
• sample data sets
• profiles of management personnel, sponsors,
  technical team, cooperating users
• direct link to technical support and
• AGNPS version 5.0 (single-event) archives.

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AGNPS 2001 Web Site (continued)

• Distribution via web site
• go to http//www.sedlab.olemiss.edu and
• then click on AGNPS 2001 Project or
• go directly to http//www.sedlab.olemiss.edu/A
  GNPS.html

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AGNPS 2001 Registered Users
Federal Government ARSEPANIHNRCS USCOEWORLDBAN
K USGS
Universities ClemsonColorado StateIowa
StateKansas StateMichigan StateOregon
StatePenn StateVirginia State Univ. of
FloridaUniv. of GeorgiaUniv. of KansasUniv. of
MassachusettsUniv. of MississippiUniv. of
MontanaUniv. of NebraskaUniv. of New
MexicoUniv. of North DakotaUniv. of North
TexasUniv. of TexasUniv. of Wisconsin
All 50 States
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AGNPS 2001 Registered Users (cont.)
Foreign Countries (over 40) ArgentinaAustraliaAu
striaBelizeBoliviaBrazilCanadaChileChinaCol
umbia Czechoslovakia Ecuador EgyptFinland France
GermanyHungary
IndonesiaItalyJapanJordan KoreaLithuaniaMalay
sia Mexico New Zealand Netherlands
Philippines Poland Singapore Slovia South
Korea Spain Sweden
SwitzerlandSyriaTaiwan TanzaniaThailand Turkey
Venezuela Vietnam
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AGNPS 2001 Interface Components

• What the User sees.

• Tools to automatically determine model parameters.

• Tools to modify and add parameters.

• Tools to visualize the watershed.

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AGNPS 2001
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Key Parameters Coordinates of Watershed
Outlet, Size of DEM
Outlet Location
Area shown ? 4 x 6 miles
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Outlet Location
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STREAM NETWORK ASSOCIATED SUBWATERSHEDS
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DIGITIZED vs. GENERATED STREAM NETWORK
GENERATED STREAM NETWORK ASSOCIATED WITH 47
SUBWATERSHEDS
DIGITIZED STREAM NETWORK ASSOCIATED WITH BLUE
LINES ON 7.5 MINUTE USGS QUADS
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1987 ACCUMULATED RUNOFF by CELL GOODWIN CREEK
0
22.48 in
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1987 ACCUMULATED SEDIMENT by CELL GOODWIN CREEK
19.94 t/ac
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1991 ACCUMULATED SEDIMENT by CELL GOODWIN CREEK
147.91 t/ac
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FEBRUARY 18, 1991 SEDIMENT by CELL GOODWIN CREEK
- 9 inches of Rainfall
23.75 t/ac
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NOVEMBER 30, 1991 RUNOFF by CELL GOODWIN CREEK -
10.4 inches of Rainfall
11.19 in
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NOVEMBER 30, 1991 SEDIMENT by CELL GOODWIN CREEK
- 10.4 inches of Rainfall
Produces 5.5 of SY _at_ outlet
48.26 t/ac
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