AMERICAN ROMANTICISM

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AMERICANROMANTICISM

• 1800-1860

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• HISTORICAL, SOCIAL, AND
• CULTURAL FORCES

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• IN THE MID-1700s, A HUGE
• ECONOMIC CHANGE KNOWN
• AS THE INDUSTRIAL
• REVOLUTION BEGAN IN
• BRITAIN.

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• MANUFACTURING SHIFTED
• FROM SKILLED WORKERS
• USING HAND TOOLS TO
• UNSKILLED LABORERS
• TENDING LARGE, COMPLEX
• MACHINES.

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• MANUFACTURERS SOLD
• THEIR GOODS NATIONWIDE
• OR ABROAD INSTEAD OF
• JUST LOCALLY.

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• THE INDUSTRIAL
• REVOLUTION SOON SPREAD
• TO THE UNITED STATES,
• CREATING TREMENDOUS
• ECONOMIC GROWTH AND
• TRANSFORMED AMERICAN
• SOCIETY.

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• A SERIES OF MILLS, OPENED
• BY FRANCIS C. LOWELL IN
• MASSACHUSETTS,
• EMPLOYED THOUSANDS OF
• PEOPLE WHO WORKED FOR
• LOWER WAGES IN
• DANGEROUS CONDITIONS.

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• TWO NEW INVENTIONS
• REVOLUTIONIZED
• TRANSPORTATION
• THE STEAMBOAT
• THE RAILROAD

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SECTIONAL STRIFE

• THE INDUSTRIAL
• REVOLUTION DIVIDED
• AMERICANS INTO TWO
• NATIONS THE NORTH AND
• THE SOUTH.

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• NORTHERN STATES HAD LARGE
• CITIES AND AN ECONOMY BASED
• ON MANUFACTURING.

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• SOUTHERN STATES HAD FEW
• LARGE CITIES, AND THEIR
• FARMING ECONOMY WAS
• DOMINATED BY A SINGLE
• CROPCOTTON.

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• IN TIME, THESE DIVISIONS
• WOULD BRING THE CIVIL
• WAR!

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THE AGE OF REFORM

• IN THE 1820s, IDEALISTIC
• AMERICANS BEGAN AN
• EAGER RUSH TO IMPROVE
• AMERICAN SOCIETY WHICH
• GAVE WAY TO REFORMERS.

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• REFORMERS WERE INSPIRED
• BY THE SECOND GREAT
• AWAKENING, A MAJOR
• RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT
• THAT REACHED ITS PEAK IN
• THE 1820s AND 1830s.

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• DURING THIS AGE,
• AMERICANS BANDED
• TOGETHER IN DOZENS OF
• ORGANIZATIONS TO DO THE
• FOLLOWING

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1. END SLAVERY
2. STOP DRUNKENESS
3. SECURE WOMENS RIGHTS
4. PROVIDE BETTER CARE FOR THE MENTALLY ILL
5. IMPROVE PRISONS

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• ROOTS
• OF
• ROMANTICISM

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OPTIMISM AND INDIVIDUALISM

• NEW IDEAS BEGAN TO
• TRANSFORM EUROPEAN
• CIVILIZATION.

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• ROMANTICISM A MOVEMENT IN ART AND THOUGHT THAT
  DOMINATED EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES THROUGHOUT
  MUCH OF 1800s.

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• ROMANTIC WRITERS
• SHARED IMPORTANT
• ATTITUDES

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• THEY VALUED
• IMAGINATION AND
• FEELING OVER INTELLECT
• AND REASON.

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• SOME CELEBRATED
• INDIVIDUALISM AND
• FREEDOM.

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• THEY BELIEVED IN THE
• BASIC GOODNESS AND
• EQUALITY OF HUMAN
• BEINGS AND IN THEIR
• RIGHT TO GOVERN
• THEMSELVES.

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• OTHERS TOOK A MORE
• PESSIMISTIC VIEW OF
• HUMAN LIFE.

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• ROMANTICISM REFLECTED A
• DIVISION BETWEEN A
• BRIGHT AND A DARK
• VISION OF THE WORLD.

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KINSHIP WITH NATURE

• ANOTHER ATTITUDE THAT
• THE ROMANTICS SHARED
• WAS A BELIEF IN THE
• IMPORTANCE OF NATURE.

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• EUROPEAN THINKERS
• BELIEVED THAT NATURE WAS
• MERELY A WILDERNESS TO
• BE TAMED.

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• ROMANTICS CELEBRATED
• THE BEAUTY, POWER, AND
• WONDER OF THE NATURAL
• WORLD.

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• ROMANTICS ALSO STRESSED
• THE VALUE OF NATURE AS A
• SPIRITUAL AND MORAL
• GUIDE FOR HUMANITY.

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THE POWER OF DARKNESS

• THE DARK SIDE OF
• ROMANTICISM INCLUDED
• THE FOLLOWING

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1. FASCINATION WITH DISEASE
2. MADNESS
3. DEATH
4. EVIL
5. THE SUPERNATURAL
6. DESTRUCTIVE ASPECTS OF NATURE

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• ROMANTICS WERE ALSO
• FASCINATED BY REMOTE
• PERIODS OF HISTORY AND
• EXOTIC PLACES.

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• THE FIRST ROMANTIC
• APPROACH CAN BE SEEN IN
• THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
• GOTHIC NOVEL THAT
• CONTAINED THE
• FOLLOWING ELEMENTS

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• WILD, HAUNTED
• LANDSCAPES,
• SUPERNATURAL EVENTS,
• AND MYSTERIOUS CASTLES.

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• THE GOTHIC HAD ITS ROOTS IN FRENCH, GERMAN, AND
  ENGLISH LITERATURE.

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• IN THE WORKS OF POE, THE
• GOTHIC TOOK A TURN
• TOWARD THE
• PSYCHOLOGICAL
• EXPLORATION OF THE
• HUMAN MIND.

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EXAMPLES OF GOTHIC NOVELS

1. FRANKENSTEIN BY MARY SHELLEY
2. NORTHANGER ABBEY BY JANE AUSTEN

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MODERN GOTHIC WRITERS

1. DAPHNE du MAURIER
2. CATHERINE COOKSON
3. VICTORIA HOLT
4. MARY STEWART
5. STEPHEN KING

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VALUES OF THE ROMANTIC WRITER

1. IMAGINATION
2. FEELING
3. INDIVIDUALISM
4. FREEDOM

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1. HUMAN GOODNESS
2. EQUALITY
3. SELF-GOVERNMENT
4. IMPORTANCE OF NATURE

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THE DARK SIDE OF ROMANTICISM

• SUPERNATURAL
• DESTRUCTIVE ASPECTS OF NATURE
• EVIL

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1. INSANITY
2. REMOTE PERIODS IN HISTORY
3. EXOTIC PLACES

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FIVE IS OF ROMANTICISM

1. INTUITION
2. IMAGINATION
3. INNOCENCE
4. INSPIRATION FROM NATURE
5. INNER EXPERIENCE

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