Plastics Plastics in Construction

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PlasticsPlastics in Construction

• Ikmalzatul Abdullah

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Plastics in Construction

• Alongside the packagings industry, the building
  industry is one of the most important customers
  for products made from synthetic, accounting for
  about 20 of the output the plastics industry.
• A selection of the synthetic materials used in
  building is arranged in the order thermoplastics,
  thermosets, elastomers and composite systems.

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Figure 1
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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

• The outstanding properties of PVC such as
  chemical resistance, mechanical strength,
  multiple machining options and adjustability with
  regard to flexibility and impact toughness make
  it suitable for use in many areas, e.g. waste
  water pipes, window frames, rooflights,
  corrugated sheets, facade elements, waterproofing
  and floor coverings.

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Cont..

• Unplasticised PVC (PVC-u) is hard and brittle.
• The addition of plasticisers modify the material
  to form plasticised PVC (PVC-P).
• PVC can be manufactured in clear transparent,
  coloured transparent or opaque forms.
• It does not ignite easily and burns only with
  difficulty owing to its high chlorine content.

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Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)

• Better known by its trade names, e.g. Perspex,
  this material has very good optical qualities and
  a high scratch resistance.
• In many instances it can be used as a substitute
  for glass.
• Its high coefficient of thermal expansion must be
  taken into account, and unrestrained changes of
  length must be possible in the installed
  condition.
• The following products are made from PMMA clear
  transparent and coloured sheets, double-walled
  panels, rooflights and splinter-proof panes.

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Fibre Composites

• Embedding fibres in synthetic materials improves
  their mechanical properties.
• Fibre composite systems consist of a base
  (matrix) of curing resins or thermoplastics plus
  a fibre material which is responsible for high
  strength, rigidity and thermal stability.
• The designations for fibre-reinforced plastics
  (FRP) are given in the order fibre-matrix, e.g.
  glass fibre-reinforced polyester resin (GF-UP).

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Cont..

• The thermosetting materials suitable for use as a
  matrix are unsaturated polyester resins (UP),
  epoxy resins (EP) and cross-linked polyurethanes
  (PUR) in the form of casting resins.
• Among the thermoplastics, polypropylene (PP) is
  just one of those that can be used for fibre
  composites.

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• The building components with loadbearing
  functions (e.g. structural sections, rooflights,
• shells) make use of reinforcement made from
  glass fibres (SF), carbon fibres (CF) and aramid
  fibres (AF).
• The latter two exhibit very high tensile
  strengths but are seldom used owing to their high
  price.
• The quantity of non-woven fabrics, meshes,
  textiles and rovings incorporated lies between 20
  and 75 by mass.

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• The combinations and the proportions of the
  individual components, the direction of the
  fibres, the elongation of the matrix at failure
  and the adhesion between fibres and matrix
  determine the properties of the composite
  material.

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Applications for synthetic materials

• The manufacturers of plastic products exploit
  not unlike a modular system the specific
  properties of a synthetic material, the forming
  methods and the machining options in order to
  produce a tailor-made material for a
  corresponding range of applications.
• The same product is often available made from
  different synthetic materials.
• Users can then choose the best value for their
  money.

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Applications

• Loadbearing components
• shells, sections
• Internal fitting-out, furniture
• floor coverings, wall finishes, partitions
• Building envelope
• facade elements, rooflights, ribbon windows,
  roof waterproofing, membranes

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• Building services
• drinking water and waste water pipes
• Adhesives
• Binders for organic and inorganic substances,
  coatings
• Thermal and sound insulation
• Building preservation
• Solar collectors

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The End