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Metodi post-genomici

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Title: Tecniche post-genomiche Author: dino Last modified by: mfasano Created Date: 3/13/2005 8:49:18 PM Document presentation format: Presentazione su schermo (4:3) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Metodi post-genomici


1
Metodi post-genomici
2
Metodi post-genomici
  • Quantitative analysis of systems biology by
    taking advantage of available genomic information
    at the level of
  • SNPs analysis associated to disease or drug
    response
  • mRNA (transcriptomics)
  • Protein (proteomics)
  • Post-translational modifications (aka
    modificomics)
  • Surface exposure (surfomics)
  • Protein-protein interactions (interactomics)
  • Small metabolites (metabolomics) and their
    relations (metabonomics)

Many other fantasy exercises (glycomics,
lipidomics, allergenomics, degradomics, excluding
perhaps comics...)
G.B Smejkal, Im an omics, youre an -omics...
Exp. Rev. Proteomics 3 (2006) 383-385
3
Metodi post-genomici
  • Trascrittomica
  • Proteomica
  • Systems biology

4
Transcriptome
The transcriptional complement of the genome
5
Generazione di sequenze EST
6
Trascrittomica
7
Allineamento di trascritti su sequenze genomiche
8
DNA Microarrays
9
Trascrittomica
10
Metodi di Clustering
  • Distanza Euclidea
  • Correlazione di Pearson

11
(No Transcript)
12
Genomica e post-genomica
  • Genetica
  • Genomica
  • Trascrittomica
  • Proteomica
  • Altre omiche

Bioinformatica
13
Il genoma è costante, il proteoma no
14
Proteomica (2-DE)
  • A global, unbiased approach
  • Hypothesis-generating rather than
    hypothesis-driven
  • A find the difference game between two
    conditions

Control
Treated
15
LAPPROCCIO PROTEOMICO
  • SOLUBILIZZAZIONE DEL CAMPIONE
  • IEF
  • SDS - PAGE
  • VISUALIZZAZIONE DEI RISULTATI
  • ANALISI DEI GEL
  • SPETTROMETRIA DI MASSA (MALDI)

16
LAPPROCCIO PROTEOMICO
  • SOLUBILIZZAZIONE DEL CAMPIONE
  • IEF
  • SDS - PAGE
  • VISUALIZZAZIONE DEI RISULTATI
  • ANALISI DEI GEL
  • SPETTROMETRIA DI MASSA

CON UREA 7M, TIOUREA 2M, CHAPS 4
17
LAPPROCCIO PROTEOMICO
  • SOLUBILIZZAZIONE DEL CAMPIONE
  • IEF
  • SDS - PAGE
  • VISUALIZZAZIONE DEI RISULTATI
  • ANALISI DEI GEL
  • SPETTROMETRIA DI MASSA

18
LAPPROCCIO PROTEOMICO
  • SOLUBILIZZAZIONE DEL CAMPIONE
  • IEF
  • SDS - PAGE
  • VISUALIZZAZIONE DEI RISULTATI
  • ANALISI DEI GEL
  • SPETTROMETRIA DI MASSA

19
LAPPROCCIO PROTEOMICO
  • SOLUBILIZZAZIONE DEL CAMPIONE
  • IEF
  • SDS - PAGE
  • VISUALIZZAZIONE DEI RISULTATI
  • ANALISI DEI GEL
  • SPETTROMETRIA DI MASSA
  • immunoblotting
  • colorazione con Blue di Coomassie o silver
    staining

20
LAPPROCCIO PROTEOMICO
  • SOLUBILIZZAZIONE DEL CAMPIONE
  • IEF
  • SDS - PAGE
  • VISUALIZZAZIONE DEI RISULTATI
  • ANALISI DEI GEL
  • SPETTROMETRIA DI MASSA

21
LAPPROCCIO PROTEOMICO
  • SOLUBILIZZAZIONE DEL CAMPIONE
  • IEF
  • SDS - PAGE
  • VISUALIZZAZIONE DEI RISULTATI
  • ANALISI DEI GEL
  • SPETTROMETRIA DI MASSA (MALDI)

22
Esempio di 2-DE gel
23
Proteomica (2-DE)
Find the difference
24
Proteomica (2-DE)
Metodi statistici
25
Identificazione delle proteine
  • Immunoblot
  • Peptide mass fingerprinting
  • Sequenza interna

26
Peptide Mass Fingerprinting
27
LC-MS/MS
28
Sequenze interne
29
Frammentazione dei peptidi
30
Peptide mass fingerprinting
31
(No Transcript)
32
Identificazione Mascot
http//www.matrixscience.com/
33
Identificazione Mascot
34
Identificazione Mascot
35
Identificazione Mascot
36
Systems Biology
  • Necessità di analizzare un elevato numero di
    informazioni (Network analysis)
  • Necessità di arricchire un ridotto numero di
    informazioni (Network enrichment)

37
Systems Biology
  • Interazione fisica
  • Stesso pathway (KEGG)
  • Stessa Gene Ontology (GO)

38
Protein networks
  • Cellular processes are regulated by protein
    interaction networks
  • Protein networks
  • control development programs
  • regulate signal transduction pathways
  • manage metabolic pathways
  • are based on physical interactions or cellular
    localization

39
Protein networks
Graph a graphical representation of elements
(nodes) connected by edges.
Nodes are proteins, edges are interactions
40
Protein networks
Regulating interactions Controls Inhibits Feed
back Interacts with
41
Building protein networks
  • Co-occurrence in databases
  • Physical interactions
  • Genomic proximity
  • Expression
  • Proteomics
  • Literature (pubmed)
  • Pathways (KEGG, Reactome, )
  • GO Terms

42
How to deal with Complexes
  • Some experimental protocol do generate complex
    data
  • Eg. Tandem affinity purification (TAP)
  • One may want to convert these complexes into sets
    of binary interactions, 2 algorithms are
    available

Bait
Preys
43
Available Databases
Free, online PPI data IntACT (EBI)
http//www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/ DIP
http//dip.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/dip/Main.cgi MINT
http//mint.bio.uniroma2.it/mint/Welcome.do
BIND/BOND http//bond.unleashedinformatics.com/
HPID http//wilab.inha.ac.kr/hpid/ UniProt
http//www.uniprot.org/ NCBI Entrez Gene
http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?dbgene
Pathways Reactome http//www.reactome.org/
KEGG http//www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html
Panther http//www.pantherdb.org/pathway/ NCI
Nature PathwayInteractionDb http//pid.nci.nih.gov
/ BioPATH http//www.molecular-networks.com/biop
ath/index.html Commercial applications
GeneGO, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis
44
Physical Interaction
45
Physical Interaction
46
KEGG Pathways, Reactome
47
Reactome
Direct evidence
PMID5555
PMID4444
Direct evidence
human
PMID8976
mouse
Indirect evidence
PMID1234
cow
48
Reactome
REACT_945.4
49
GO enrichment
http//www.geneontology.org/
50
GO enrichment
http//www.geneontology.org/
51
GO enrichment
52
String 9.0
http//string-db.org/
53
String 9.0
54
BioProfiling
http//www.bioprofiling.de/
55
BioProfiling
56
R spider
Antonov A.V., Schmidt E., Dietmann S.,
Krestyaninova M.,Hermjakob H. R spider a
network-based analysis of gene lists by combining
signaling and metabolic pathways from Reactome
and KEGG databases Nucleic Acids Research, 2010,
Vol. 38, No. suppl_2 W118-W123
PPI spider
Antonov A.V., Dietmann S., Rodchenkov I., Mewes
H.W. PPI spider A tool for the interpretation of
proteomics data in the context of protein protein
interaction networks. PROTEOMICS. Volume 9, Issue
10, 10 May 2009.
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