Moniezia spp.

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Moniezia spp. ?????
????? PPT????? ???????,??,??
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Introduction
Monieziosis is a cestodiasis caused by Moniezia
sp. including Moniezia expansa (???????) and
M.benedni(???????).
They are found in the small intestine of
ruminants(???), like cattle,sheep,and camel(??),
especially in lamb and calf.
M.expansa The more common in sheep and goat than
in cattle M.benedni The more common in cattle
than in sheep and goat
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Morphology(????)

• Moniezia spp. have unarmed scolices(??) with four
  large suckers(??)and very wide segments with
  bilateral genitalia(??????).

scolices
M. expansa
M. benedeni
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Difference of M. expansa and M. benedeni

• Interproglottidal glands(???) at the posterior
  margin(??)of each segment extend the full width
  of M. expansa but occupy only the midzone of the
  M. benedeni segment.

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Characteristic of eggs

• The egg of Moniezia spp. found in cattle feces
  is
• one of the few eggs that appears square, and
  internally the pear-shaped (pyriform apparatus)
  characterristic of anoplocephalid(????)eggs can
  be seen.

Pyriform apparatus (???)
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Life cycle of Moniezia spp
Definitive host ruminants. Site of infection
small intestine Intermediate host Forage mites
(??) Infective stage cysticercoid (????)
Prepatent preiod month 3
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• Moniezia is living in small intestine of
  ruminant. The definitive host leaves the gravid
  proglottids and eggs in the feces .
• The oncosphere migrate into the body cavity of
  the mite where they develop into cysticercoids
  for at least 40 d and infection of the definitive
  host is by ingestion of infected mites during
  grazing.
• The prepatent preiod is approximately 4560 d,
  but the adult worms appear to be short-lived,
  persist for only three months.

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Epidemiology(????)
The Monieziosis distribbution is
world-wide. Moniezia spp. are the commonest in
young animals, and are of low pathogenicity(???).
Their incidence shows a seasonal fluctuation,
coinciding with the active period of the vectors.
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Symptoms(??)
When there are lots of Moniezia, the intestines
will become enteremphraxia(???),even have been
ruptured(??). The toxin of parasite cause young
animals being neurosis(????),including walking in
circles(????),spasm(??),non-food
mastication(????).
clinical symptoms Decreased appetite(????),emacia
tion(??), anaemia(??),listless(????),diarrhea(??),
gravid proglottid(??) in
feces?
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Lesions(??)
The disease can make corpse(??) become thin , the
colour of muscle turn light and make
exudates(???) in abdomen(??) increase. Others
enteremphraxia(???),contortion(??),hemorrhage(????
?)
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Diagnosis(??)
Diagnosis is based on a history of residence in
an endemic area and symptoms. Fecal
examination(????) When there is no proglottids
in feces ,using the flotation method
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Treatment(??)

1. Bithionol(?????) 50mg per kilogram of body
   weight for cattle, or 75mg to 100mg for sheep,
   P.O.
2. Niclosamide(????)50mg per kilogram of body
   weight for cattle, or 60mg to 75mg for sheep,
   P.O.
3. Mebendazole(????)10mg per kilogram of body
   weight for cattle, or 15mg for sheep, P.O.
4. Albendazole(????)5mg per kilogram of body weight
   for cattle, or 20mg for sheep, P.O.
5. Praziquantel(???)5mg to 10mg per kilogram of
   body weight for cattle, or 10mg to 15mg for
   sheep, P.O

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Prevention(??)

• 1. Deworm before adult stage(?????)
• 2.Harmless disposal of feces(???????)
• 3.Improvement of breeding and management
• ploughing and reseeding(????)
• to avoid pasturing in the early
  morning or at dust, when the peak of  forage mite
  activities(????)
• regularly testing forage mite within
  the pasture

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End