Introduction to Dental Materials

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Introduction to Dental Materials
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What is Dental Material?

• Human body is prone to damage due to either
  disease or accidents.
• Likewise the structures in the oral cavity are
  lost or damaged due to disease such as caries and
  periodontal disease and trauma.
• The main goal in dentistry is to maintain or
  improve the quality of life through replacement
  or alteration of tooth structure.

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• Therefore the main challenge for centuries has
  been to develop and select ideal dental materials
  that can withstand the adverse conditions of the
  oral environment.

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Ideal Restorative Material

• An ideal restorative material should
• Be biocompatible
• Should bond permanently to tooth structure or
  bone
• Should match the natural appearance of tooth
  structure and other visible tissues
• Exhibit properties similar to those of tooth
  tissues (enamel and dentine)
• Be capable of initiating tissue repair or
  regeneration of missing or damaged tissues

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Contd

• Four groups of materials
• Metals
• Ceramics
• Polymers
• Composites

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Classification

• Preventive dental materials
• Restorative dental materials
• Auxiliary dental materials

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Preventive Dental Materials

• Pit and Fissure Sealants
• Sealing agents that prevent leakage
• Materials used primarily for their antibacterial
  effects.
• Liners, bases, cements and restorative materials
  that are used primarily because they release
  fluoride.
• Chlorhexidine or other therapeutic agents used
  to prevent or inhibit the progression of tooth
  decay.

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Restorative Dental Materials

• Synthetic components that can be used to repair
  or replace tooth structure, including primers,
  bonding agents, liners, cement bases, amalgams,
  resin-based composites, compomers, hybrid
  ionomers, cast metals, metal-ceramics, ceramics,
  and denture polymers.

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Restorative Dental Materials

• Direct restorative materials
• Used intraorally to fabricate restoration or
  prosthetic devices directly on the teeth
• Indirect restorative materials
• Made extraorally in which the materials are
  formed indirectly on the teeth or tissues
• Temporary restorative materials

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Auxiliary Dental Materials

• Substances used in the process of fabricating
  dental prostheses and appliances but do not
  become part of these devices.
• Acid etch solutions, impression materials,
  casting investments, gypsum cast, and model
  materials, dental waxes, acrylic resins for
  impression, bleaching trays, mouthguards, and
  occlusion aids, finishing and polishing abrasives.

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Types of restorations

• Silver Amalgam

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Resin Composite
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Inlays and Onlays (Gold)
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Crowns (Ceramic, Gold, Ceramic fused to metal)
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Bridges
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Full Denture Partial Denture
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The End!