??(virus)?????????????????,??????????????????????????????? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Title:

??(virus)?????????????????,???????????????????????????????

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Title: Author: Last modified by: duan Created Date: 6/9/2002 6:16:19 AM Document presentation format: – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ??(virus)?????????????????,???????????????????????????????


1
??? ????
2
??????
  • ??(virus)?????????????????,???????????????????????
    ????????
  • ???????????????
  • 1.?????????????,?????
  • 2.?????,???????????????
  • ???????,?????????????(Plant virus)????????????????
    ??????

3
??????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????????,??????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????
  • ????????????,???????????????????????,?????????

4
?????????
  • 1886????(Mayer)???????????????
  • 1892???????(Ivanowski)????????????????????
  • 1898?????(Beijeincku)???????????,????????? (
    contagium vivum fluidum ),???Virus?????
  • 1935?,????????(Stanley)??????????????,????????????
    ????(1946??Nobel Prize in Chemistry)?

5
?????????
  • 1936????????(Bawden)?????TMV?????
  • l939?Kausch?????????????????
  • 1956?Gierrer ????????RNA??????????
  • 1971?Diener ??????RNA(250-400bps)?????(viroid)
  • 1982?????????????

6
?????????
  • 1981?,A.Lwoff???????????????,?????????????.??,???
    ?????,??????
  • ????? ???? ??????
    ??
  • ? ? ? ?
  • ? ? - -
  • ??????? - -
    -
  • ? -
    - -
  • ????????? - - -
    -
  • ? ? - - -
    -
  • ????,????????,??????

7
??? ?????????????
8
?????????
  • ?????????,???????(nm)?
  • ????????????????????
  • ??????????20?35nm,??????70-80nm,?????????????????(
    icosahedral particle)???
  • ??????20-80nm100-250nm,??????????,??????1113nm
    750nm,??????2000nm???
  • ?????????????,???????????????????,???????(?????)?
    ????,??????????????,??????

9
?????????
  • ????,???????,??????????,????????????????????
    ???????????
  • TMV???,CMV????
  • ????20??,??????60??60???,?????????????????,
    ?????,???????????????????

10
?????????
  • ???????????????,?????,????????,????,???
    ?????????????????
  • ?????????5--40,???60-95,??????????
  • ????????????,?????????,????????????

11
??? ??????????
  • DNA---RNA---???,???????,????????,??,???
    ??????????????,??????
  • ???????,??????????,???????????????????,????
    ???????DNA,????mRNA,?????????,??????????
  • ????????????????,???????????????????
    ?????????????????,X??,???,??,???????????

12
?????????????
  • ??????(Symptom)
  • ????????????????,????????,?????????,???????
  • ????(mosaic),??(yellow)?
  • ??(negrosis)???????,?TMV????????????,???Y???
    ???????????????
  • ???????(dwarf),??(leafroll)
    ,??(rugose),??(fernleaf)?
  • ?????(rosette),??(tumor)?

13
?????????????
  • ??????????????
  • 1. ????
  • ???????????TMV,??????????????,??????????????,
    ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????,??????????,????,?????

14
?????????????
  • 2. ?????
  • ?????????????????????
  • ???(inclussion)??????????,??????????????,??
    ?????????,???????????????????X-??????
  • ??????????????????,???????,????,???????????
    ?????????????

15
?????????????
  • X-??????,???,???????,???????????????
  • ??????
  • ??????????,??,???????????
  • ????????????????,??????????????,?
    ????????????????,??,????????????????

16
?????????????
  • ???????????
  • ??? ?????????????,???? ???????????
    ????????????? ???????????????????,???????????
    ????,?????????? ?????????????,?????

17
?????????????
  • ??????
  • ????????????????????????????? 1.????
  • ??????(Strain)??????????????,??????????,????????
    ??????,?????????(??????,????)????(??????)?
    ?TMV(???) ?? ?????
  • TMV??????(???) ??,??
  • TMV?????????????,???????????

18
?????????????
  • ???????(cross protection)???????????????,????????
    ???????????,????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????

19
?????????????
  • ??????????
  • ???????????????,?????????????????????????????
    ????????Y?????????
  • ?????????????????,??????????????,?????
  • ??????? ???? gt ?? ??
  • ???X?? ????

20
?????????????
  • 2. ???? ???????????????????
  • ? TMV ???--???????
  • ???--???????
  • ????????????????,??????????????
    ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  • a.?????????????TMV--????
  • b.?????????????????????????
  • c.??????????????,????????,??????????

21
?????????????
  • 3. ????????????????????
  • (1)??gt35??lt10???????,????????,???????TMV?
  • ??????????????,????????,??????????????????????
    ?????
  • ??????? ?????????
  • (2)????????????????????????????????,??????

22
??? ??????????
  • ?? ???????
  • ?????????????????????????,??????????????????????
  • ???????????,?????????????????
  • ?????????????????,???????????????????????????????
    ?
  • ?????????????????????????,???????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????
  • ??????????????,??????????????????????????,??????,?
    ???????,??,???????????????????

23
???????????
  • ???????????????,?????????????????????
  • ??????????????,????????????,??????????????????,???
    ????????????????????

24
??????
  • ???????????,??????????????????????????????
  • ???????????400??,???200??????,130????????
  • ??????,?????????,??70?????????????,????????????,?
    ?????????????????

25
????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????,?????????????,??????????????
    ???(circulative),????????????,??????????
  • ???????????????????????????(propagative)?????(nonp
    ropagative)??????????????????????(nonc?ulative)?
  • ???????????????????(nonpersistent)?????(semipersis
    tent)????(persistent)?????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????

26
(No Transcript)
27
3.???????????????
  • ?????(probe)????????????????????????????,????????
    ??????????????????????????????,???????????,???????
    ?????????????
  • ????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????,???????????????,???????????????????
    ????????????
  • ????(Helper component,??HC) ?????????????????,???
    ???????????????,????,?????????????????????????,???
    ???Y??????????,???????????????

28
(?)????
  • 1.?? ??????,???200??????160??????,???????23?
    ??,??????40?50???(?????????),????????100?????????1
    60???????,??????????,??????????,???????????75?????
    ?
  • ?????????????????,?????Y??????????????????????
    ?????????????????????????????????????????????????,
    ????????????????????,??????????

29
2.?????
  • ???(1eaf hopper)??(Cicadellidae)??2000??15000????,
    ??21????49???????????????20??,???????(Delphacidae)
    ???????????????????????,??????????????????????????
    ?
  • ?????(Plant hopper)??????????????,????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????,???????????
    ??,??????????,???????????????????,???????????????
  • ????????????????????,???????????????????????

30
(?)??????
  • ?????????????,??????TMV??????????,????????,???????
    ??????????????5??38???????80????????????,?????????
    ?????????????,???????????????,???????,????30?50cm?
    ?????????????????????????,????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????,??????(Olpidium)?????(Polymy
    xa)?????(Spongospora)??5?????20?????

31
???????
  • (?)???? ????(Mechanical transmission)???????????
    ?????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????,????????(Tobamovirus)????X???(Potexvi
    rus)??????????????(Nepovirus)???????????????????
    ?????,???????(CMV)??????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????,??????????
    ??????????????????,???????????????????????????????

32
(?)???????????
  • ???????????,?????????????????,????????????????????
    ??,????????????????,?????????????????????????,????
    ???????
  • ?????????????????,?????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????

33
(?)???????
  • ?1/5??????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??,????????,???????(TRSV)?????????(BCMV)??????????
    5??????????????????,?CMV????????????
  • ?????????????????????,?????????
  • ?????????????????,??????????????????????,???????
    ????????
  • ??????????,?????????(BSMV)??90?100??????(CMV)??
    1?50,??????
  • ???????????,????????????????????????????,????????
    ????????????,??????????

34
????????????
  • ????????????????,???????????
  • ????????? ??????????????????
  • ???????? ??????????????????????(phloem),?????????
    ?????(xylem)???
  • ????????,????????????????????,????????????????
  • TMV????????????,???????????????????,?
    ?13?,???????????35???????????????????????????2
    5?????????????

35
??????????????
  • 1.?????????
  • (1)??????????????
  • (2)????,51-53?????10???
  • (3)?????????????
  • 2.????,???????
  • 3.??????????
  • 4.????????????,???????????,?????

36
??? ??????????
  • ???????????????????(Interrnational Committee on
    Taxonomy of viruses,ICTV)?????????
  • ????????????,?????(?)????,????????????????????????
    ??????20??????????,?1995?,ICTV???????????????,??
    ?????,????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????,???RNA???DNA?
    ?????
  • ???????,???????????????????????????????

37
?????????
  • (?)???? ???????????????????????????????????
    (DNA?RNA)??????(single strand, ss)????(double
    strand,ds)??????????????????????????(??????)??
  • ????????,???????9??47???(???????????),??(?)??
    ???????43,??(?)?????????411?

38
?????
  • ?????????,?????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????,????(satellite),?????????????(h
    eIper virus)?????????????????,???????????????????
    ?????????,?????????????????????????????RNA,?????RN
    A(satellite RNA,sRNA)?
  • ????????RNA??????????????(viroid)?????????RNA????
    ??(virusoid)???????????????????(prion)?
  • ????????,???????????(subviruses),?????????????????
    (euviruses)?

39
(?)?????
  • ??(strain)????????,??????????????????,????????????
    ????????,???????????(isolate)?

40
?????????
  • ??????????????????,???????????????,????????Tobacco
    mosaic virus,???TMV???????Cucumber mosaic
    virus,???CMV?
  • ?????????,??????????(??????)?????????(??????)???vi
    rus?????????????????Cucumovirus????????Tobamo
    virus????????????virus,???????????,??????????????
  • ???(viroid)??????????????,??????????,?????????????
    ?Vd,???????????(Potato spindle tuber
    viroid)???PSTVd?

41
??? ?????????
  • ????????????????????????????????,??????,??????
  • ???????????????????????????,??????????,????,??????
    ??,???????,????,??????????
  • ???????????????????????,?????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????

42
???????
  • ?????????????????,???????????????????
  • ?????????????????,????????????????????????????????
    ??,????????????????????????????????????,??????????
    ???????????
  • ????????????????,??????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????????????,???44??????

43
?????????
  • ????????,??????????????(???????),??????????(9.9l
    0-11m,???????????)???????????,???????10100nm?????
    ???????????????,?????????????
  • ?????????????????????????,????????????????????
    ????????,?????????,?????????????????(???)????,????
    ????,??????,??????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????,??????????????????????? ????

44
???????
  • ??????????????????(antigen)??,?????????????(a
    ntiserum)???????????????(?????????),???????,??????
    ?????????????,????????????????????????????????????
    ??,?????????????????????????????????????????????

45
  • ?????????????????,?????????,????????????????????
    ???????????412(1)????????,??????????(2)????????
    ??????,??????(3)????????,??????????
  • ??????(Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent
    Assay,ELISA)?????????????,???????????????????????
    ?,ELISA????????????,??????1-10ng/m1????,????????
    ????????,???????????,??????????,????????????????
    ,??????????????????????,????????,??????,?????????
    ??????????????ELISA??????????????????????4l 3

46
???????PCR??
  • ???????????????????,????????????????????,?????????
    ??????????????,????????????????????,??????????????
    ?(PCR)???????
  • ???????DNA?RNA????,???RNA????DNA??????????????????
    ??,RNA--DNA???????????????????????????????????????
    ?(Probe),?????????????RNA,??????DNA(complementary
    DNA,cDNA),???cDNA???
  • ??????????????????,????????????(???)???????

47
  • ???????(PCR)?????????????????,???????????????DNA
    ????????????????????????,???????DNA???????????????
    ???DNA?????????,???????????4?dNTP??????DNA????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????A???????????
    ????????????DNA??????????????,???????DNA????1?,???
    ?????,?2530????????????
  • PCR???????????????????RNA??cDNA???????DNA????????
    ??????????????????

48
?????????
  • ???????????,????????????????????,???????????????
    ??????????????????????,???????????????????????????
  • 1.????(Dilution End Point,DEP)
    ?????????????,?10-1,10-2,10-3??,????????????????
    ?,????????????
  • 2.????(Thermal Inactivation Point,TIP)
    ????????????????????????TIP????????????,???45????
    ???????,?97??????????5570???
  • 3.?????(Longevity in vitro,LIV)
    ???(2022?)?,????????????????????????????????

49
  • 4 .???????? ????S???????20????1??(1/981g)????????
    ??,?????????,???????,????????,?Svedberg????????S20
    ???50S???S???????????????????,????????????????????
    ?????????????????
  • 5.?????? ???????????????,?????????280nm??,???
    260nm?????260/280????????????????,?????????,??????
    ????,???????????????????,??????????????,????????2
    60/280??????????,???????.?????E0.11cm260nm?,?????
    ?0.1??,???1cm?????260nm??????
  • 6.????????? ?????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????????????

50
?4-4 ????????????????????????
  • ???? ?????? ?????? ??????
  • ?? ???
    ??,??? ???
  • ?? ???
    ? ??
  • ?? ??
    ?? ???

51
??? ????????????
  • ??????????TMV
  • ?????????CMV
  • ?????Y????PVY

52
??????????TMV
  • ???????( Tobamovirus )??13???2????,??????????(TMV)
    ?
  • ????????,??18nm,?300nm
  • ????????????????????,??????????????????,?????????
  • ????????????????????????????????????50???????l0-4
    ?10-7,????90????
  • ?????????????????????,???????
  • TMV??????????,????????????????????????????????????
    ?????,??????????????????????????????,?????????????
    ???????????

53
?????????CMV
  • ???????(Cucumovirus )?3???,???????(CMV)???????(ToA
    V)???????(PnSV)?
  • ??????????(Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV)
    ????,??28nm?
  • CMV?????????????????,?????????,????????????,??????
    ??????????
  • ?????????????,?????67??470????
  • ???????????55 - 70?,????? l0-3 - l0-6,?????
    110??
  • ??CMV?????????????,???75?????????????????????,????
    ?????????????????.?????
  • ?????????????????????,?????????????????????

54
?????Y????PVY
  • ???Y???(Potyvirus)????????????,??75???93?????
  • ???????750nm,???11?15nm?
  • ?????????????,????????????,???????
  • ??????????????????????,?????????????????
  • ???????????????????,?PVY????,MDMV(???????)?????,??
    ????(SMV)??????????????????
  • ?????24?,????50?65?,?????10-2?l0-6(?????)????????
    ???????????????,
  • ?????,PVY???????????????

55
??? ?????
  • ???????????????????????,?????????????,????????????
    ???????,??????????????????????

56
???????????
  • ?????????????,????1105?????????????????????RNA,?
    ??????????,????????????,?????????
  • ???(viroid)????????????????????????????????????(PS
    TVd)?
  • ??????????????????????,???????????????????????????
    ??
  • ???????30?????,??23???????????????

57
???????????????
  • 1.??????????????100?????
  • 2.??????50?100???????????????,?????100???????
  • 3.??????? ??????????????.
  • 4.???????? G/C???,55?58
  • 5.????? ?????????????????????
  • 6.?????? ?????????????????,???????????,????????
    ?20?.

58
???????
  • 1.????,1984,?????(???),?????
  • 2.????????,?????(????),???????
  • 3.?????????,1994,?????(??????????),?????
  • 4.Kurstak, E. 1981, Handbook of Plant Virus
    Infections, Comparative Diagnosis.
    Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press
  • 5.Matthews, REF. 1992, Fundamentals of Plant
    Virology. Academic Press
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