Delivery and Transportation of Goods

1
International Cargo Transport
Chapter 6
2
1
Chapter 6
? the different modes of transport, esp. ocean
transport ? the nature of liner transport ?
general considerations on cargo transport ? the
various kinds of B/L ? the contents of the
transport clause
Objectives
The time of delivery
Focus
Shipment terms
Modes of transport ( ocean transport)

Transport documents
Difficult points
Application of transport documents
3
2
Chapter Six

• 6.1. Modes of Transport
• 6.2. General Considerations on Cargo
  Transport
• 6. 3. Major Transport Documents
• 6.4. Clause of Shipment

4
3
Questions

• What are the major types of transportation?
• Can you describe the advantages and disadvantages
  of the modes of transportation you have
  mentioned?
• What should we consider when choosing a certain
  mode of transportation?

5
Overview
4
Transport aids trade greatly. By moving goods
from places in one country where they are sold to
places in another where they are bought,
transport helps to bring about the realization of
a transaction. Transport is indispensable to
import and export business. In international
trade, both the seller and the buyer should
negotiate and stipulate the terms and conditions
of the shipment clause, such as shipment date,
port of shipment and destination, partial
shipment, transshipment, etc. Without specific
stipulations of the shipment clause in the sales
contract, some disputes would arise from the
performance of the sales contract and lead to
serious outcome.
6
The concept of delivery
5

• The seller delivers the contracted goods at the
  agreed time, place and in the agreed manner to
  the buyer. In international trade, the delivery
  also means to transport the necessary documents
  at the stipulated time to the buyer. The former
  is called physical delivery of goods, which is
  applied in sales under E terms and D terms, while
  the later is called symbolic delivery of goods,
  which is applied in the sales under F terms and D
  terms.

7
6.1. Modes of Transport(International Cargo
Transportation)
6
Inland Trans.
Water Trans.

Container Trans.

River-sea
Costal Trans.
Combined
Sea Trans. Inshore Trans. Trans.
Land Bridge Trans.
Ocean-going Trans.
ICT

Intl Multimodal Trans.
Rail Trans. Land
Trans. Air Trans. Road
Trans. Pipe Trans.
Postal Trans.
8
7
1. Ocean/Sea/Marine Transport

• (1) Features of ocean transport
• (2) Operational modes of ocean transport
• (3) Freight Rates

9
Features of Ocean Transport
8

• ? Advantages
• ? The easy passage since about 70 of the
  earth is covered by water.
• ? Large capacity.
• ? The unit distribution cost reduced.
• ? Good adaptability to cargoes of different
  size, weight, shape, etc.
• ? Disadvantages
• ? The low passage of ocean transport.
• ? Vulnerable to bad weather and less
  punctual compared with road
• or air transport.
•  

10
1) Liner Transport(????)
9
Types of Shipping Services
A passenger or cargo vessel that operates over a
regular route according to an advertised
time-table. Features ? fixed route, ports,
schedule and relatively fixed freight ? loading
and unloading charges included in freight ?
simple procedures and ideal for cargo of small
quantity
11
2) Charter Transport ???? (Tramp
Shipping)??????
10

• The practice of paying money to a shipping
  company to
• use their boats.
• Much cheaper than that of the liner.
• Shippers may choose direct route.
• Widely used in transporting bulk cargoes.

12
Charter Transport
11
Voyage Charter
Time Charter
Bareboat Charter
.
The charter or hiring of a vessel and crew for a
single voyage
A ship without crew and ships master
The charter of a ship for a definite period of
time.
The ship owner is responsible for providing
seaworthy ship and the related charges. The
renter has the right to dispatch the ship, but
bear all expenditures in transit, such as charges
for fuels, port and loading unloading.
The charterer is responsible for crewing,
provisioning and fuelling, maintaining and even
paying different taxes or duties within a period
of time, usually a number of years

• ?single trip charter
• ?????
• ? return trip charter
• ???????
• consecutive voyages
• ??????

13
12
Ocean Freight

• Freight is a special unit used in
  calculating charges that must be paid for
  shipping the cargo. Freight is collected in
  different ways. Shippers should be familiar with
  them in order to estimate and reduce, if
  possible, the cost of transport.
• Ocean freight may be broadly divided into
  liner freight and charter freight.

14
Liner Freight
13

• Basic freight rates
• 1)Weight??? for items marked with W in the
  tariff, the freight
• thereon are to be calculated per metric ton
  on weight (weight ton).
• 2) Measurement??? for items marked with M, the
  freight is to be
• calculated per cubic meter on measurement of
  the cargo
• (measurement ton).
• 3) Ad Val.??? for items marked with AD Val.,
  the freight is to be
• calculated on the basis of the price or value
  of the cargo concerned. For
• some valuable goods like gold, silver,
  expensive fur, usually 1-5 of the
• price.
• 4) Weight or Measurement, W/M or Ad val ,W/M plus
  ad val(???)
• 5)Per Head?Per Unit(???)
• 6)Open Rate ???

15
Surcharges
14

• ? bunker surcharge/bunker adjustment factor
  (B.A.F.????? )
• ? devaluation surcharge/currency adjustment
  factor (C.A.F.??
• ?????)
• ? transshipment surcharge
• ? direct additional
• ? heavy lift additional
• ? port additional/port surcharge
• ? port congestion surcharge
• ? deviation surcharge(?????)

16
15

• How to calculate liner freight
• Select relevant freight list/freight tariff
• Determine the freight basis and class of the
  goods
• Find the basic freight in the freight grades list
  according to the sailing route, port of shipment
  and destination
• Find the types of receivable surcharges
• Add surcharges to basic rate to get actual
  freight
• freight actual freight x freight ton

17
Charter freight
16
The freight rate for charter is usually charged
by quantities of the goods carried and fluctuates
with market conditions of supply and demand.
1) Liner terms/gross terms(????) the freight
includes loading and unloading charges. The ship
owner shall be responsible for loading and
unloading. 2) Free in(???????) the ship owner
bears the unloading charges, not loading
charges. 3) Free out(???????) the ship owner
bears the loading charges, not the unloading
charges. 4) Free In and Out(???????) the ship
owner bears no unloading and loading charges. 5)
Free In and Out and Stowed and Trimmed(???????????
?) the ship owner is neither responsible for
loading and unloading nor for stowed and trimmed
charges.
18
Operational Procedure of Ocean Transport for
Export
17
????
??????
????
????
? ?
?????
??????
????
????
? ?
????
?????
???????
????
19
World-famous Shipping Companies
18

• ?????????? ???? ANL
• ??????(??)???? ???? APL
• ???????? ???? BOL
• ????????????? ???? COSCON
• ????????????? ???? EMC
• ???????? ???? HKMSH
• ????????????? ???? HMM
• ????(??)???? ???? KLINE
• ?????????? ???? TMSC
• ???????? ???? TOHO
• ????????  ???? NYK 
• ????????????  ???? OOCL 
• ??????????  ???? SFCO 
• ??????????  ???? CSD 
• ???(??)???  ??? SINOTRANS 

20
2. Air Transport
19
? Advantages ? High speed ? Good quality
? Low risk ? Competitive insurance premium ?
Disadvantages ? High cost ? Low capacity ?
Vulnerable to disruption ? Sparsely located
facilities.
21
Types of Air Transport Services
20

• Four categories Scheduled airlines ????
• Chartered carriers
  ????
• Consolidated
  consignments by freight forwarders ????
• Air express service / desk
  to desk service ????
• (1) Scheduled airlines operating on a scheduled
  service, over a fixed airline and between fixed
  airports, suitable for conveying fresh, emergent
  and seasonal goods.
• (2) Chartered carriers the hire of an aircraft
  by a shipper or several shippers to deliver
  cargoes, ideal for carrying cargoes of large
  quantities or carrying cargoes of different
  shippers to the same destination.
• (3) Consolidated consignments the air freight
  forwarder usually assembles a number of
  individual shipments into one consignment and
  dispatches them on one air waybill. A
  consolidated shipment made up by several
  shipments can be dispatched to one common
  destination. Many shippers prefer this kind of
  shipment as the freight rate is 7-10 lower than
  that of a scheduled airline.
• (4) Air express service the express service
  provided by air freight forwarders specializing
  in this line of business between consignors,
  airports and users, suitable for urgently needed
  articles and important documents

22
Airline Rates
21

• Air freight is normally collected according to
  actual weight for heavy cargo or measurement
  weight for large volume cargo. The rates are
  normally quoted per kilogram. The air freight
  excludes other charges such as customs fees and
  storage fees.
• In order to stimulate traffic, different types of
  air freight rates are designed. For instance,
  General Cargo Rates are the basic rates. Specific
  Commodity Rates are reduced rates applicable to a
  wide range of commodities specified in the tariff
  of the carrier. If no commodity rate is available
  for cargoes like live animals, human remains or
  valuable cargoes, Classification Rates apply.

23
Airline Rates
22

• M/W (subject to the higher rate)
• Four types of airline rates
• - General Cargo Rate (G.C.R.)??????
• - Specific Cargo Rate (S.C.R.)??????
• - Class Rate (C.R.)????
• - Unitized Consignments Rate (U.C.R)
• Characteristics of airline rates
• - one-way freight from one airport to
  another
• - delivery charges, customs charges and
  storage charges excluded
• - publicized in local currency
• - measurement unit is kilo or pound
• - fluctuate in line with market conditions

24
The division of responsibilities of the parties
concerned in the air freight
23
?? ??
??
? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ?
??
?? ??
??
??
? ? ? ? ?
????
????
????? ??????
25
Some Airlines in the World

26
Rail Transport
24
? Advantages ? Large capacity (second to
ocean transport) ? Relatively high speed ?
Economical ? Relatively punctual ? Less prone
to interruptions by poor weather ? Disadvantages
? Confined to railroad ? Less flexible
27
25

• International Railway Through Transport
• - under one rail consignment note
• - shipper or consignee not involved when
  goods are transiting the countries
• Siberia Transcontinental Railway
• Eurasia Transcontinental Railway
• Railway transport to Hong Kong and Macao
• Domestic Rail Transport

28
Road Transport
26
? Advantages ? Versatile ? Flexible in
operation ? High distributive ability ?
Disadvantages ? Low capacity ? High
operating cost ? High risk of pilferage and
damage ? Complication
29
Containerization
27

• Containerization is a method of distributing
  merchandise in a unitized form, suitable for
  ocean, rail and multi-modal transport. It is the
  most modern form of physical international
  distribution and overall is highly efficient in
  terms of reliability, cost, quality of service,
  advanced technology and so on.
•  

30
Features of containerization
28

• ? Advantages
• Increase the efficiency of handling
• Improve the transportation quality
• Save operating costs
• Simplify delivery formalities
• Promote multi-modal transportation

31
Containers and Container Transport
29

• The majority of containers are built to the ISO
  specification. The 20-foot and 40-foot containers
  are most popular. (8 X 8 X 40 and 8 X 8 X
  20). The container capacity is measured in TEUs
  (Twenty-feet Equivalence Units). Containers of
  other sizes and capacities are also available but
  not widely used.
• Three major types of containers
• 8 X 8 X 40 (IA) 8.6 X 8 X 40(IAA) 8 X
  8 X 20 (IC)

32
Container Transport
30

• Containerization offers
• ? a door to door service under FCL/FCL(????),
• ? door to container freight station (CFS)
  service under FCL/LCL(????)
• ? CFS to CFS service under LCL/LCL(????)
• ? CFS to door service under LCL/FCL (????)

33
Container Freight
31

• Based on container capacity/origin and
  destination of the merchandise
• Inland transportation cost is included
• Based on the type of commodity
• For LCL, each commodity is charged separately
  for the freight

34
International Multi-modal Transport
32

• At least two modes of transport
• One contract, one transport document,
• one operator, one freight rate
• Use of containers
• ? Advantages
• ? High efficiency
• ? Good quality
• ? Cost and time saving
• ? Economy and simplicity of documentation

35
6.2. General Considerations on Cargo Transport
33

• (1) Reliability
• (2)Speed and Frequency
• (3)Cost

36
6.3 Major Transport Documents
34

• Bill of lading
• Consignment note (for Rail and Road)
• Air waybill
• Combined transport documents (CTD)

37
Bill of Lading (B/L)
35

• 1. Definition and Function
• A bill of lading is a shipping document that
  serves as
• 1) a receipt of the goods(????)
• 2) a document of title(????)
• 3) the evidence of the contract between the
  consignor and the carrier (???????)

38
36

• Bill
  of lading (B/L)
• A bill of lading (B/L) is used for sea
  shipment and is a certificate of ownership of
  goods. It must be produced at the port of final
  destination by the importer in order to claim
  goods.As a document of title, the bill of
  lading is also a negotiable document and you may
  sell the goods by endorsing or handing it over to
  another authorized party, even while the goods
  are still at sea.Although negotiable bills of
  lading are in common use, some countries do not
  allow them or make it difficult for them to be
  used. You have to be sure that a negotiable B/L
  is accepted in your country. Otherwise, a
  non-negotiable B/L is issued.The B/L is a
  formal, signed receipt for a specified number of
  packs, which is given to the export agent by the
  shipping line when the shipping line receives the
  consignment. If the cargo is apparently in good
  order and properly packed when received by the
  shipping line, the bill of lading, is deemed as
  "clean". The ship owner thus accepts full
  liability for the cargo described in the bill.
• See sample B/L

39
(No Transcript)
40
2. Types of B/L
37

• As per whether the goods are shipped on board
• Shipped (on board) B/L?????
• Received for shipment B/L????
• As per whether the B/L is clean or not
• Clean B/L
• Unclean/Foul B/L
• Unclean B/L can not used for negotiation.

• Some remarks can not be regarded as unclean.
• ?????????????????,????,??
• ???????????????????????
• ??????????????????
• ????????

41

38

• As per the name of the consignee
• Straight B/L????
• Blank B/L /Bearer B/L?????
• Order B/L???? (widely used)

Comparisons
???? ???? ????
Straight B/L No endorsement The consignor can not transfer.The consignee can if necessary.
Blank B/L No endorsement Transferable
Order B/L) order to order to order of shipper to order of consignee to order of banker By the consignor By the consignee By the bank Transferable after endorsement.
42
As per the modes of transport
39

• Direct B/L????
• Transshipment B/L????
• Through B/L????
• Liner B/L????
• Container B/L
• Combined B/L
• As per the content of the B/L
• Long form B/L????
• Short form B/L????
• As per the effect of B/L
• Original B/L)????
• Copy B/L????

43
As per the issuing date of B/L
40

• On deck B/L????
• When cargo is placed on the deck of a ship
  for delivery, an On Deck B/L is given to the
  exporter when the ship leaves port.
• Stale B/L????
• Bills presents to the consignee or buyer or
  his bank after the stipulated expiry date of
  presentation or after the goods are due at the
  port of destination
• Ante-dated B/L????
• When the actual shipment date is later than
  that stipulated in the L/C, the carrier
  sometimes, at the shippers request, issues a B/L
  with a date of signature that suits the
  requirement so as to avoid non-acceptance by the
  bank.
• Advanced B/L????
• When the expiry date of the L/C is due but
  the exporter hasnt yet got the goods ready for
  shipment. The purpose of issuing such a bill is
  to negotiate payment with the bank in time within
  the validity of the L/C.

44
Anti-dated B/L Advanced B/L

• ???????????????????????????????,????????????,?
  ????????????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ,?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????,?????????????

45

• Case Study (1)

• ?????????????????3500?????,???CIF???24????84000???
  ???????12????1?,?????????????????????????????,????
  ?????,?????,????????????????,?????????????,???????
  ,??2?11?????,2?13????????????????????????(?19?12
  ?1????1?31?)??,???????????1?31?????,??????????????
  ???????,???????????????,????????????????????????,?
  ?????????????????30000??????,?????????,???20600??,
  ??????????,??????,????????????
• ?????????

46

• ?? ???????????,?????,??????????????????,????????
  ??????????????????,???????????????????????????,???
  ??????,??? ???????????????????????????

47
Case Study (2)

• ??A?????B???2004?10?20?????52500????
• CFR???A?????????,?????2005?1?1??1?10
• ?,??B?????????????????????????,?
• ???2005?1?20???????????B???????????
• ???????????????????1?21???????A?
• ?????????????2005?1?30????????????
• ???,???????????????????????????
• ?????????????,??????????????????
• ?.A?????????????????????,?A??????
• ??????????,?????? 
• ?? 
• (1)??????????????,?????????? 
  (2)??????????????,?????????? 
  (3)A???????????????????????????? 

48
?? 

• (1)?????,???????????????????
• ?????,?CFR??,???A????????A??
• ??????,??????????,?????????? 
• (2)?????,??A?????????????????
• ???????,????????,???????????
• ???? 
• (3)????????????,?????,???????
• ?? 

49
Consignment Note (for rail and road)
41

• Contract of carriage
• Receipt of goods
• Not a document of title

50
Air Waybill
42

• Receipt of goods
• Contract of carriage
• Certificate of insurance
• Customs declaration
• Instruction sheet to the carrier
• Bill for the freight

51
6.4. Clause of Shipment
43
Time of shipment How to stipulate the
time of shipment in the contract? 1?A definite
time is given for shipment. e.g. Shipment at
or before the end of March . Shipment on or
before May, 15th.
(the latest time) Shipment not later than
October 31st. Shipment during January.
Shipment within sixty days. ( a
certain period of time) Shipment during
Jan./Feb.
52
44
2. When the payment is made by L/C, the time of
shipment is usually made in connection with the
time of receipt of L/C. e.g. ? The Buyer
must open the relative L/C to reach the
Sellers before 15 Oct. ? Shipment within
45 days after receipt of L/C. 3. Recent
shipment ? Immediate shipment ? Prompt
shipment ? Shipment as soon as possible


53
Partial Shipment Transshipment
45

• Shipment during Oct. / Nov. /Dec. 2007, with
  partial shipments and transshipment allowed.
• Shipment during Jan. /Feb. 2007 in two equal
  monthly lots (in two equal monthly shipments)
  ,with transshipment allowed

54
Case Study
?????2000????,???????????????????????????????
????1000?????????????,?????????????????????,?????
??????????????????
55
46

• Relevant Link to UCP600

Article 31 Partial Drawings or Shipments a.
Partial drawings or shipments are allowed. b. A
presentation consisting of more than one set of
transport documents evidencing shipment
commencing on the same means of conveyance and
for the same journey, provided they indicate the
same destination, will not be regarded as
covering a partial shipment, even if they
indicate different dates of shipment or different
ports of loading, places of taking in charge or
dispatch. If the presentation consists of more
than one set of transport documents, the latest
date of shipment as evidenced on any of the sets
of transport documents will be regarded as the
date of shipment. A presentation consisting
of one or more sets of transport documents
evidencing shipment on more than one means of
conveyance within the same mode of transport will
be regarded as covering a partial shipment, even
if the means of conveyance leave on the same day
for the same destination. c. A presentation
consisting of more than one courier receipt, post
receipt or certificate of posting will not be
regarded as a partial shipment if the courier
receipts, post receipts or certificates of
posting appear to have been stamped or signed by
the same courier or postal service at the same
place and date and for the same destination.
56

• ?????  ?????????
• a. ????????????
• b. ?????????????????????????????????,?????????,?
  ???????,??????????????????????????????????????????
  ???,??????????????????
• ??????????????,???????????????????????,?
  ??????????????????,??????????
• c. ??????????,????????????,???????????????????????
  ?????????????????,?????????

57
Considerations for deciding the time of shipment
47

1. The supply of the goods
2. Transportation
3. The market conditions of the goods
4. The conditions of the goods

58
Follow-up Practice
48

• 1 Review and Discussion Questions
• 1) What are the major types of transportation in
  international cargo transport?
• 2) What are the characteristics of liner
  transport?
• 3) What are the differences between voyage
  charter and time charter?
• 4) What are the main functions of B/L?
• 5) What should be considered when choosing port
  of shipment and port of destination?
• 6) Why the advice of shipment can coordinate
  the responsibilities of the exporter and the
  importer?
• 7) What are the main responsibilities of
  multi-modal transport operator?
• 8) What main points are included in the clause
  of shipment?

59
2 Choose the right answer from each of the
following.
49
1) ______ can be freely bought and sold just like
commodities. A. Railway bill
B. Airway bill C. Shipping advice
D. Ocean bill of lading 2) Freight under liner
transportation _______. A. needs to stipulate
demurrage and dispatch money between the shipper
and the carrier B. does not
include loading and unloading cost C.
consists of basic charges and additional charges
D. is collected based on gross weight of the
goods 3) Airway bill is NOT________. A. a
transport contract between the consignor and the
carrier B. a document for customs clearance
C. a document for bank negotiation D. a
document of title 4) ________is the most commonly
used transportation mode, which occupies 2/3 of
international transportation. A. Railway
transportation B. Maritime transportation
C. Air transportation D. Parcel
transportation 5) In international trade, the
importer often does not require_______. A.
shipped B/L B. clean B/L C.
blank B/L D. order B/L
60
50
6) _______ can be transferred after endorsement.
A. straight B/L B. blank B/L
C. order B/L D. through B/L 7)
Multi-modal transport operator is responsible for
_________. A. the first voyage B.
the whole voyage C. the ocean transport
C. the last voyage 8) Under ______ character,
the ship-owner only rents the charterer the
boat. A. demise B. time
C. voyage D. booking 9)
_____is suitable for conveying fresh, emergent
and seasonal goods. A. scheduled airlines
B. chartered carriers C. consolidated
consignment D. liners 10) If items marked
with AD Val., the freight is to be calculated
on the basis of _______ of the cargo
concerned. A. weight B.
price or value C. measurement
D. volume  
61
3. Judge whether the following statements are
true or false.
51
1) The loading and unloading charges are included
in the freight of the liners. ( ) 2) Demurrage
is the extra charges a shipper pays for detaining
a freight ship beyond time permitted for
loading or unloading. ( ) 3) Dispatch money is
a fine imposed on the charterer for the delay in
the loading and unloading of the goods. (
) 4) Straight B/L can be transferred through
endorsement. ( ) 5) A bill of lading is both a
receipt for merchandise and an evidence of
contract to deliver it as freight. ( ) 6)
Advantages of containerization include less
handling of cargo, more protection against
pilferage, less exposure to the elements, and
reduced time of shipping.( ) 7) Order B/L
can be transferred with or without endorsement. (
) 8) In international multi-modal
transportation, a multi-modal transport operator
will issue a combined transport document and
be responsible for the safe carriage of the whole
voyage. ( ) 9) In order to clarify who
will bear the loading and unloading charges in
voyage charter transportation, the clause
Free in and out is set forth in the Voyage
Charter Party. This means the charterer
shall be responsible for both loading and
unloading charges. 10) Free in and free out means
that ship-owner is responsible for both loading
and unloading charges. ( )
62
Case Study
52

• A Chinese company (Company A) signed a sales
  contract with a Brazilian company (Company C).
  Company A entrusted a shipping company (Company
  B) to ship the 10 000 sacks of coffee beans from
  Shanghai Port to a port in Brazil. Company B
  issued a clean B/L evidencing that each sack
  weights 60 kgs in apparent good condition. When
  the goods arrived at the destination, Company C
  found that the weight of 600 sacks of goods was
  25 less in quantity than contracted and the
  packages were loosened.
• Therefore, Company C sued Company B for the
  quantity discrepancy between the delivered goods
  and the descriptions on the B/L, and asked
  Company B to compensate for the loss. Company B
  later provided evidence to prove that the
  loosened packages and the shortweight had existed
  when the goods were loaded on board, and the
  company issued the clean B/L because of failure
  in checking every package. Since the discrepancy
  in delivered quantity was not caused by Company
  B. the company should not compensate for the
  loss. Investigation also confirmed that the
  shortweight of 600 sacks was not caused by the
  carrier but by the shipper, Company A.
• Which party should compensate Company C? Give
  reasons to support your answer.
•  

63
Case Study
53

• A bill of lading issued by Cosco was
  required by the credit. Shantou Cosco Container
  Transportation Co., the agent of the carrier,
  issued a B/L to the beneficiary, Shanghai Golden
  Dragon Company. The B/L indicated that Cosco was
  the carrier. However, Shanghai Golden Dragon
  Company was dishonored by the issuing bank.
• Please analyze the case and find out the
  reason for dishonor.

64
Vocabulary to learn

• On Board (Shipped) B/L ?????
• Received for shipment B/L ??(????)??
• Named B/L ????
• Bearer B/L ?????
• Order B/L ????
• Blank Endorsement ????
• Clean B/L ????
• In apparent good order and condition ??????
• Unclean ( Foul, Dirty) B/L ?????
• Direct B/L ????
• Transshipment B/L ????
• Through B/L ????
• Multi-modal (Inter-modal, combined) transport B/L
  ??????
• Long Form B/L ????
• Short Form B/L ????
• Anti-dated B/L ????
• Advanced B/L ????
• Stale B/L ????

65

• On Deck B/L ?????
• Charter Party B/L ??????
• House B/L ???????
• Seaworthiness ????
• Charter Party ( C/P) ????(??)
• Voyage charter party ??????
• Time Charter Party ??????
• Common carrier ?????
• Private carrier ?????
• Single trip C/P ???????
• Consecutive single trip C/P ?????????
• Return trip C/P ????????
• Fixture Note ?????
• Free In (FI) ???????
• Free Out (FO) ???????
• Free In and Out (FIO) ????????

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• Lump-sum freight ??????
• Damage for Detention ????
• Booking Note ???(?????)
• Shipping Order (S/O) ??? (???)
• Mates Receipt ???
• Loading List ????
• Cargo Manifest ????(????)
• Stowage Plan ??????
• Dangerous Cargo List ?????
• Inward cargo ???
• Outward cargo ???
• Container yard (CY) ?????
• Container Freight Station ( CFS) ??????
• Container Load Plan ??????
• Full Container Load (FCL) ???
• Less Container Load (LCL) ???
• Delivery Order (D/O) ???(???)
• Twenty equivalent unit (TEU) ??????????
• Demurrage ???

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THE END
Thank You !