????????????SSD (Solid State Drives) ,???????,???,???,?????,??????!

1
??? ??????
7.1 ??
????????????SSD (Solid State Drives)
,???????,???,???,?????,??????!
???
??
??
2
??
??????(Non-Volatile Memory--NVM)
??ROM
???ROM (PROM--Programmable ROM)
??????ROM (EPROM--Erasable PROM)
?????ROM (Read- Only Memory)
EEPROM (Electrically EPROM)/E2PROM
?????
Flash Memory (?????,?U?)
?????SRAM (Static RAM) ??????????????
?????RAM (Random Access Memory)
?????DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
SDRAM, DDR-SDRAM?
?????(Volatile Memory--VM)????????
3
??????????????
???????????,??????????,??????????109?/??
7.2 ?????ROM
7.2.1 ???????(Mask ROM)
1. ROM?????
?????
4
2. ????
ROM???????
d3W1W3A1A0A1A0
5

• 3. ??ROM(???)????????
• ????
• ??? (Look-up table)
• ??-?????

??? ???? ????
?? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
A1 A0 D3 D2 D1 D0
0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 0
D0 Dm
6
4. ???????????
?????????????????,??????????1,?????0
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
A1 A0 D3 D2 D1 D0
0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 0
?????? ?? x ??
7
7.2.2 ????????PROM
???VCC???????
IP
???,??????
8
7.2.3 ??????????? ??EPROM(UVEPROM-Ultra
Violet) SIMOS Stacked-gate Injection
MOS ????MOS
?????????? ??????????
???????
9
??MOS? ??????
2. ????
VT1ltVTltVT2
?????????????,??MOS????????, ??????VT?,??,?1
????????????, ??????VT (5V)?,??,?0
10
3. ???????,???(??)
(1) ??(?????????) ?????X??,???2?????1520?? ???1?
,????3??
(2) ?? 1.??????(20V25V), ?????? 2.?????Gc??????
(25V,50ms) ????????SiO2????, ??Hot electron
injection (?????) ????????
25V
25V
GND
???
11
FN????(Fowler-Nordheim tunneling)???????

(a)???????? (b)????????

(a)??????? (b)???????
12
??EEPROM/E2PROM ???????MOS FlotoxMOS Floating
gate Tunnel Oxide MOS
T2??????????? T1???????????
???? Gf????,????????3V?,T1??, ?0 Gf????,????????3
V?,T1??, ?1
13
EEPROM????????,???! (1)??????????
,????1 (2)????????0????????
???EPROM?hot-electron injection ??? tunnel
injection ??????????????
???????http//encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/f
lashmemory
14
???????Flash Memory ??????NOR Flash?NAND
Flash??????SIMOS--????MOS,?????Gf????SiO2??1015nm
(??EPROM?3040nm,E2PROM?20nm),Gf???S???????,??????
??????NOR Flash?
???????EEPROM,?????MOS?,????,????,??????MOS???????
???,???????????????(???128-512kbits)
????,???Flash Memory,??????????
15
?E2PROM??,????????,??????SiO2????Flash
ROM????????(ISP, In-System Programmability)???????
??,Flash ROM??????E2PROM.
NOR Flash??????(??)
??(?0)??E2PROM,??????
??(?1)??EPROM,?????
NAND Flash?????????????
16
NOR Flash??????????????,????????NOR???????????
NAND Flash??????????????,????????NAND???????????
17
1GB NAND Flash ROM???
18
NOR Flash?NAND Flash???
?? ?? NOR NAND
?? ?? ?(256 Mb) ?(16 Gb)
??????(XIP,eXecute In Place) ??????(XIP,eXecute In Place) ?? ???
???? ?? ? ?
???? ? ? ?
???? ? ? ?
???? ???? 10,000100,000 100,0001,000,000
???? ???? FN???? FN????
???? ???? ????? FN????
???? ???? ???? ????
?? ?? ? ??
???? ???? ? ?
???? ???? ?? ?(typically 528 bytes)
???? ???? ?? ?
?? ?? ???? ???,???
19
U????????????(????)?Flash memory(???NAND
Flash),??????????????????,????????????(charge
pump )??????,??????????????????
??,ROM?????,??????,??????????????,SIO2?????,??????
???,??????,?????????,???????????ROM??????????,????
?100??(NAND Flash)?
20
MLC (Multi-Level Cell ) vs SLC (Single-Level Cell
)

(a)????? (b)?????
???
21
Kingston 1G SD card
?????K9G808U0M MLC Flash ROM 2bits/cell ???SD????
22
7.3 ?????(RAM)
?????????SRAM????????DRAM???

• 7.3.1 ???????SRAM
• (?)RAM???

(2) ????CS ??I/O??????????
(1) ??????R/W ????????,???????
23
(?)??RAM?????
1. ??CMOS??????
24
7.3.2 DRAM
?????????MOS??????????????
?????????????????,?????????,????
??????
25
??SDRAM???????
????????????,????????????????????????????????Cell?
??????,????????????????I/O Buffer(??/????)??????
??????????????????(?????)???(????)??????(64
bits) /8?
26
????????
27
256MB DDR SDRAM???
28
DRAM??? ??????
29
7.4 ????????

• 7.4.1 ?????

??1024?1?RAM????1024?8?RAM???
????N8
???????????(??????????????) ???????
30
7.4.2 ?????
??256?8?RAM????1024?8?????
????N4
31
????????
???????????,????????????,??????????
32
7.5 ??????????
1. ROM???????????,???????????? 2.
???????????,???????????????
33
??7.5.2 ??ROM????????
????4??????????
34
???
????
m0
m15
ABCD mi Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4
0010 m2 1001
0011 m3 1000
0100 m4 0010
0110 m6 1100
0111 m7 1100
1010 m10 0100
1110 m14 0110
1111 m15 0001
?? 0000
???
35
7.5.2 ???????PLD (Programmable Logic Device)
???????(PLD,Programmable Logic Device)??????????,?
?????????????????????(ASIC,Application Specific
Integrated Chip),PLD???????????????????????????PLD
?????,????????????????????,???????????????????????
PLD?????????(PLL,Phase Lock Loop)???????????
36
PLD?????
37
PLD????????????????????(PT,Product
Term)?PLD??????(LUT,Look Up Table)?PLD?
1. ??????PLD (CPLD)
Ym1m3m4m7
?????????,?????????,????????????????
38
2. ??????PLD (FPGA)
Ym1m3m4m7
39
3. CPLD?????
40
4. CPLD??????
41
5. FPGA???
42
6. FPGA????LE???
43
6. I/O?????
44
?7? ? ?
?7-3 ??????????32????,16???????/??,???????????
??????????????????
??????23216b(bit,??)236b 233B(Byte??)223kB21
3MB23GB8GB
45
?7-4 ??4?4k8??RAM????16k8??RAM????
46
?7-5 ??4?2114(10244?RAM??)?3-8???74LS138??4096
4??RAM????
??74138???!
47
LGS (GM) SDRAM GM72V661641CT7J GM7 LGS
Lucky Gold Star GM72V661641CT7J 1 FPM or
EDO 2 SDRAM GM72V661641CT7J C 5 volt V
3.3 volt GM72V661641CT7J 1 16 Mbits, 2 128
Mbits, 5 256 Mbits, 6 64 Mbits
GM72V661641CT7J Internal Organization
16162 1Meg x 16 (16Mb chip) 1642 4Meg x
4 (16Mb chip) 1682 2Meg x 2 (16Mb chip)
28164 8Meg x 16 (128Mb chip) 2844
32Meg x 4 (128Mb chip) 2884 16Meg x 8
(128Mb chip 56164 16Meg x 16(256Mb chip)
5644 64Meg x 4 (256Mb chip) 5684
32Meg x 8 (256Mb chip) 66164 4Meg x 16
(64Mb chip) 6644 16Meg x 4 (64Mb chip)
6684 8Meg x 8 (64Mb chip) GM72V661641CT7J
Speed 10K PC66 specifications. 7K PC100,222
specifications 7J PC100,322 specifications8
125MHz specifications. 75 PC133 specifications.
7 143MHz specifications. GM71C4403CJ60
1M4bits