Bio 101

1

• Bio 101
• Laboratories 11 12
• Muscle HistologyGross Human Skeletal MuscleCat
  Muscle Dissection I II

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What you should do in labs 11 12

• Today (Lab 11)
• Muscle Histology (skeletal, smooth, cardiac)
• Human gross skeletal muscle anatomy
• Begin cat muscle dissection
• Get tested on histology and human skeletal muscle
  before leaving
• Next Lab (Lab 12)
• Finish cat muscle dissection
• Review muscle histology
• Review human gross skeletal muscle anatomy
• Get tested on cat muscles before leaving

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Histology of Muscle Tissue

• Three types of muscle tissue you will need to
  view under the microscope
• Skeletal (slide 1310)
• Cardiac w/intercalated disc (slide 1790)
• Smooth (slide 1250, 3008 histological
  preparation)

See Activity 4 (pp. 83-84) in Mariebs Lab Manual
Muscle Tissue Characteristics Complete 19
(table), Review Sheet 6, page 88. This will give
you a good comparison table to study for the lab
exam
4
Skeletal Muscle

• Major characteristics
• Contractile
• Voluntary
• Striated
• Multinucleated
• Unbranched
• Major Functions
• Voluntary movement
• Heat generation

5
Skeletal Muscle
Notice that this tissue is Striated,
multinucleated, non-branched
6
Cardiac Muscle

• Major characteristics
• Contractile
• Involuntary
• Striated
• Single nucleus
• Branched
• Intercalated discs
• Major Function
• Pump blood

7
Cardiac Muscle
Notice that this tissue is Striated,
mononucleated, branched, and has intercalated
disks
8
Smooth Muscle

• Major characteristics
• Contractile
• Involuntary
• NOT Striated
• Single, centrally located nucleus
• Unbranched
• Major Function
• Controls size/shape of organs
• Constricts blood vessels

9
Smooth Muscle
Cytology
Notice that this tissue is Not striated,
mononucleated, and non-branched
Histology
10
Human Gross Skeletal Anatomy

• Use Figures 15.2 (page 200) and 15.3 (page 201)
  in Mariebs Exercise 15 for an overview.
• Look at your Study Guide for a list of the
  muscles for which youll be responsible on the
  lab exam
• Refer to the Human Muscle Table in your Study
  Guide for more specifics on the muscles you need
  to know.
• Look at Exercise 46, Surface Anatomy Roundup,
  beginning on page 679 in Mariebs Laboratory
  Manual to view the superficial anatomy of the
  human skeletal muscles. (Especially important
  for clinical practice)

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Human Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy

• Muscular system
• All skeletal muscles that can be controlled
  voluntarily
• Approximately 700 skeletal muscles in humans
• Shape or appearance give clues to function
• Locomotion and posture work across joints
• Origin point of muscle attachment that moves
  least
• Insertion point of muscle attachment that moves
  most
• Support soft tissue sheets between bony tissue
• Guard body entrances/exits encircle opening

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How Skeletal Muscles Are Named

• Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles
• Direction
• Orientation relative to body midline
• Rectus, transverse, oblique
• Size
• Relative size of muscle
• Maximus, minimus, longus, brevis, lattissimus,
  vastus
• Shape
• Relative shape of muscle
• Deltoid, trapezius, serratus, rhomboid

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How Skeletal Muscles Are Named

• Characteristics used to name skeletal muscles
• Action
• Principle action
• Flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor, rotator
• Number of origins
• Number of tendons of origin
• Biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4)
• Location
• Temporalis, femoris
• Origin and insertion (Origin is always first in
  name)
• Sternocleidomastoid, stylohyoid

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Muscles of the Head





Notice how the origins and insertions work
http//www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu
/menu.html Also see the PAL in Mastering AP for
skeletal muscle
15
Muscles of the Upper Body






16
Muscles of the Upper Body



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Muscles Acting on Femur, Tibia, and Fibula








Figures from Martini, Anatomy Physiology,
Prentice Hall, 2001
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Muscles that Move the Foot


19
Muscles that Move the Foot





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Cat Dissection

• Refer to the Cat Dissection Exercise 1 on page
  697 of Mariebs Laboratory Manual.
• Refer to your Laboratory Guide for a list of the
  cat muscles youll need to identify for the lab
  exam.
• Note
• Some muscles are superficial and some are deep
• Its best to do superficial dissection on one
  side of the cat, and deep dissection on the other

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Pectoantebrachialis


Tibialis anterior
Pectoralis minor


External oblique

Gracilis

Xiphihumeralis
Sartorius


Pectoralis major
Gastrocnemius
22

Levator scapulae ventralis
External oblique


Clavotrapezius
Semitendinosus

Gastrocnemius

Spinotrapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Sartorius


Gluteal muscles
Biceps femoris

Clavodeltoid
Spinodeltoid


Tensor fasciae latae
Acromiotrapezius
Lumbodorsal fascia
Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius
Trapezius Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid
Deltoid
23
Digastric muscles
Mylohyoid

Sternohyoid
Sternomastoid

Clavotrapezius
ID neck muscles by photograph only
24
Pectoantebrachialis


Pectoralis minor
Xiphihumeralis

Pectoralis major
25
Pectoralis major


Pectoantebrachialis
Pectoralis minor

Xiphihumeralis
External oblique


Rectus abdominis
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Pectoantebrachialis
Latissimus dorsi

Xiphihumeralis
27

External oblique (cut and reflected)
Rectus abdominis


Transversus abdominis

Internal oblique
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Pectoantebrachialis

Pectoralis major
Serratus ventralis

Rectus abdominis

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Lumbodorsal fascia
Latissimus dorsi

Spinodeltoid
Acromiotrapezius

Clavotrapezius

Spinotrapezius

Clavodeltoid

Levator scapulae ventralis
Acromiodeltoid

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Spinotrapezius

Clavotrapezius

Acromiotrapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Acromio-, clavo-, and spinotrapezius Trapezius
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Clavotrapezius

Clavodeltoid

Levator scapulae ventralis
Acromiodeltoid


Spinodeltoid
Acromiotrapezius

Spinotrapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Acromio-, clavo-, and spinodeltoid Deltoid
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Brachioradialis

Biceps brachii
Pronator teres

Triceps brachii (medial head)

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Flexor carpi radialis
Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Pronator teres

Biceps brachii


Triceps brachii
Epitrochlearis
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Biceps brachii

Brachioradialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres

Epitrochlearis

Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
35
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum lateralis

Brachioradialis
Extensor digitorum communis

Triceps brachii (lateral head)
Extensor carpi radialis longus

Triceps brachii (long head)

Clavodeltoid

Spinodeltoid

Acromiodeltoid

Clavotrapezius
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Brachioradialis
Clavodeltoid


Triceps brachii (lateral and long heads)
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Sartorius


Gracilis
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Adductor longus
Adductor femoris

Semimembranosus

Pectineus
Tensor fasciae latae

Rectus femoris

Vastus medialis


Vastus lateralis
Fascia lata
39
Rectus femoris

Pectineus

Adductor longus
Vastus lateralis


Adductor femoris
Vastus medialis


Semimembranosus

40
Tibialis anterior


Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Flexor digitorum longus
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Flexor digitorum longus

Gastrocnemius

Tibialis anterior

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Tensor fasciae latae
Biceps femoris

Gluteus medius


Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Gluteus maximus
Caudofemoralis
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Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

Caudofemoralis
Biceps femoris


Gastrocnemius
Semitendinosus

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Extensor digitorum longus

Gastrocnemius
Soleus

Fibularis muscles

45
For next regular lab

• For Brain and Cranial Nerves Sheep brain
• Read Exercises 24 and 25 in Woods Lab Manual
• (Ex 24) Spinal cord anatomy pp. 361-366
• (Ex 25) Human Brain anatomy pp. 377-389
• (Ex 25) Cranial Nerves pp. 389-394
• (Ex 25) Sheep brain pp. 395-398