Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)

1
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)

• Service that simplifies IP address management

FIGURE 11-12 BOOTP process

• Diskless workstations are workstations that do
  not contain any hard disks

2
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

• Automated means of assigning a unique IP address
  to every device on a network
• Reasons for implementing DHCP
• Reduce the time and planning spent on IP address
  management
• Reduce the potential for errors in assigning IP
  addresses
• Enable users to move their workstations and
  printers without having to change their TCP/IP
  configuration
• Make IP addressing transparent for mobile users

3
DHCP Leasing Process

• Lease
• Agreement between DHCP server and client on how
  long the client will borrow a DHCP-assigned
  address

FIGURE 11-13 DHCP lease agreement
4
Terminating a DHCP Lease

• Release
• Act of terminating a DHCP lease
• To release TCP/IP settings in Windows 95
• Click Start, then Run
• In the Run box, type winipcfg, then click OK

FIGURE 11-14 IP Configuration window
5
Terminating a DHCP Lease

• To release TCP/IP settings in Windows 95 (cont.)
• In the IP Configuration box, click Release All to
  release the DHCP lease
• Click OK to accept the confirmation message

6
Obtaining a New IP Address on a Windows 95 Machine

• Click Start, then Run
• In the Run box, type winipcfg, then click OK
• In the IP Configuration box, click Renew All to
  obtain new TCP/IP from the DHCP server
• Click OK to accept the confirmation message
• Click OK to close the IP Configuration box

7
Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)

• Provides a means of resolving NetBIOS names with
  IP addresses
• WINS offers several advantages
• Guarantees a unique NetBIOS name is used for each
  computer on a network
• Support for DHCP
• Better network performance

8
Configuring a Windows 95 Workstation for WINS
Service

• Right-click Network Neighborhood, then click
  Properties in the shortcut menu
• In the Network Properties box, click
  Configuration
• Highlight the TCP/IP protocol in the list of
  installed networking components, then click
  Properties
• Click WINS Configuration
• Click Enable WINS Resolution to establish the
  identity of your WINS server

9
Configuring a Windows 95 Workstation for WINS
Service

• Type the IP address the your WINS server next to
  the Primary WINS Server text box
• If you have a second WINS Server, types its IP
  address in the spaces provided next to the
  Secondary WINS Server text box
• Click OK to save changes
• Click OK to exit Network Properties
• Click Yes to restart the computer

10
Review of TCP/IP Subprotocols

• Internet Protocol (IP)
• Transport Control Protocol (TCP)
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
• Telnet
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

11
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol

• Allows the client to send a broadcast message
  with the MAC address of a device and receive the
  devices IP address in reply

FIGURE 11-15 How RARP works
12
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP) and Post
Office Protocol (POP)

• SMTP
• Responsible for moving messages from one e-mail
  server to another
• POP
• Provides centralized storage for e-mail messages

13
Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP)

• Mail storage and manipulation protocol that
  depends on SMTPs transport system
• Developed as a more sophisticated alternative to
  POP
• Most current version is version 4 (IMAP4)
• Biggest advantage of IMAP4 over POP relates to
  the fact users can store messages on the mail
  server

14
Additional Features of IMAP4

• Users can retrieve all or only a portion of any
  mail message
• Users can review their messages and delete them
  while the messages remain on the server
• Users can create sophisticated methods of
  organizing messages on the server
• Users can share a mailbox in a central location
• IMAP4 can provide better security than POP
  because it supports authentication

15
TCP/IP Troubleshooting

• Packet Internet Groper (PING)
• Troubleshooting utility that can verify TCP/IP is
  installed, bound to the NIC, configured
  correctly, and communicating with the network
• An echo request is a signal sent out to another
  computer
• An echo reply is the other computers response
  signal
• Process of sending this signal back and forth is
  known as pinging

16
Packet Internet Groper (PING)
FIGURE 11-17 Syntax of PING command
17
Packet Internet Groper (PING)
FIGURE 11-18 Example of successful and
unsuccessful PING
18
Netstat and Nbstat

• Netstat
• Displays statistics and the state of current
  TCP/IP connections
• Nbstat
• Provides information about NetBIOS names and
  their addresses

19
Nslookup and Traceroute

• Nslookup
• Allows you to look up the DNS host name of a
  network node by specifying its IP address, or
  vice versa
• Traceroute
• Uses ICMP to trace the path from one networked
  node to another
• Also known as tracert on Windows machines

20
Internet Services

• World Wide Web (WWW)
• Collection of interfaced networks that share
  resources and exchange information according to
  specific protocols and formats
• Browser
• Software that provides clients with a simple,
  graphical interface to the Web

21
World Wide Web (WWW)

• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• Standard means of identifying every Web page
• Unqualified host name
• Host name minus its prefix

22
E-mail andFile Transfer Protocol (FTP)

• E-mail
• Currently, e-mail is the most relied-upon
  Internet service you will manage
• FTP
• Manages files transfers between TCP/IP hosts

23
Gopher and Newsgroups

• Gopher
• Allows you to navigate through a series of menus
  to find and read specific files
• Newsgroups
• Provides means of conveying messages in which
  information is distributed to a wide group of
  users at once
• Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)
• Supports process of reading newsgroup messages,
  posting new messages, and transferring news files
  between news servers

24
E-commerce andInternet Telephony

• E-commerce
• Means of conducting business over the Web
• Internet Telephony
• Provision of telephone service over the Internet
• Voice over IP (VoIP)
• Standardization of Internet telephony

25
Chapter Summary

• Every device on a TCP/IP-based network must have
  a unique IP address to ensure reliable data
  delivery
• In addition to Class A, B, and C networks, Class
  D and E networks exist, although consumers and
  companies do not use them
• To use IP addresses more efficiently, the concept
  of subnetting was applied to the Internet in the
  mid-1980s

26
Chapter Summary

• Gateways are a combination of software and
  hardware that enable two different network
  segments to exchange data
• A socket is a logical address assigned to a
  specific process running on a host computer
• The use of port numbers simplifies TCP/IP
  communications
• Every host belongs to a domain

27
Chapter Summary

• In the mid-1980s, the Network Information Center
  (NIC) at Stanford Research Institute devised a
  hierarchical way of tracking domain names and
  their addresses, called the Domain Name System
  (DNS)
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is an
  automated means of assigning a unique IP address
  to every device on a network
• With DHCP, a device leases an IP address while it
  attached to the network

28
Chapter Summary

• Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) provides a
  means of resolving NetBIOS names with IP
  addresses
• TCP/IP is a suite of protocols, commonly called
  subprotocols
• TCP/IP carries the highest potential of causing
  problems because it requires the most planning
  and post-installation configuration

29
Chapter Summary

• TCP/IP comes with a complete set of
  troubleshooting tools that can help you to track
  down most TCP/IP-related problems
• There are numerous Internet services, including
  the World Wide Web, e-mail, File Transfer
  Protocol, gopher, newsgroups, e-commerce, and
  Internet Telephony