Educational Psychology 302

1
Educational Psychology302

• Session 6
• Learning and Cognition

2
Learning

• Behaviorism
• Change in Behavior
• StimulusResponse

• Cognitive Psychology
• Behavior is learned by imitation
• Learning occurs at observation and may not
  involve behavior
• Memory, attention concept learning, problem
  solving

3
Information Processing Theory

• People can handle only so much information at one
  time so they must be selective
• Meaning is affected by prior __________ and
  beliefs
• Information processing requires a certain amount
  of mental work
• Meaning is constructed by the _________ rather
  than assigned by events in the environment
• People take many separate pieces of information
  to make meaning of situations, events, etc.

4
General Principles of Learning

• What people know and do is affected by prior
  experiences
• ____________ of these experiences influence what
  is learned from the experiences
• New learning builds on prior learning
• __________ affects what and how people learn

5
General Principles of LearningContinued

• The consequences that follow peoples behaviors
  affect future learning and behavior
• There is considerable diversity from what people
  learn from any one experience.

6
Human Memory System
Sensory Register
Working Memory
Attention
Long-term Memory
In-depth Processing
7
Attention

• SizeLarge things attract our attention
• _________Bright and loud attract attention
• _________New and unusual
• _________Things that dont make sense
• EmotionStrong emotional association
• Personal significanceThing important to us
• What can we do to attract our students attention?

8
Declarative Knowledgeknowledge that relates to
the nature of how things are

• ___________repeating something over and over
  again verbally
• Meaningful learningdrawing a relationship
  between new information and old information
• Organizationconnecting pieces of information
• ___________using prior knowledge to expand an
  idea
• Visual imagerymental pictures of objects/ideas

9
Procedural Knowledgeknowledge about how to do
things
Procedural Knowledge
Declarative Knowledge
Mental Effort
Auto- maticity

• prior learning
• mnemonics

10
Factors Assisting in Knowledge Retrieval

• Number of connections to our existing knowledge
  base
• Learning to __________
• Use knowledge frequently
• Retrieval cues to start long-term memory searches
  in the right direction
• Recognition
• Recall

11
Factors Inhibiting in Knowledge Retrieval

• Inability to retrieve
• Partial retrievalreconstruction error
• _________mixed up information
• _________weakened links to database of
  knowledge
• Failure to store