Navigational Aids

1
Navigational Aids

• Know the theory and operation of modern air
  navigational aids

2
Navigational Aids

• Describe the theory and use of a Doppler System
• Describe the theory and use of a Navigational
  Radar System
• Describe the theory and use of a Inertial
  Navigation System (INS)
• Describe the theory and use of Global Positioning
  System (GPS)

3
The Doppler Effect

• Named after Christian Johan Doppler, a German
  mathematician who discovered the principle of
  Doppler effect.
• Doppler effect can be observed by listening to a
  passing racecar.

4
Radar

• The term radar stands for Radio Detection and
  Ranging.
• Echo principle.
• The radar antenna relays the signal to an onboard
  computer where it is displayed on a radarscope.

Radar Uses Land Navigation Landing Aid Detection
and Surveillance Imagery
5
Radar
6
Doppler
7
Doppler Radar

• By using the principle of frequency shift and a
  computer, you can measure the movement of an
  aircraft over the ground.
• The Doppler system constantly adjusts to changes
  in wind direction, aircraft altitude, engine
  power, and it gives instantaneous indications of
  each.

8
Doppler
If you can tell movement in the V1-V4 axis, when
compared to aircraft True Heading and True
Airspeed, go you not tell Track and
Groundspeed? And therefore Wind Direction and
Velocity?
9
Inertial Navigation System (INS)

• The speed of modern aircraft requires more
  sophisticated navigational systems than those of
  the past.
• To use the inertial navigation system, an
  accurate fix inserted as a starting point
• Accelerometer senses change in direction or speed
  based on these changes the INS calculates
  navigational information course, speed, distance
  to go, etc.

10
GPS

• The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a
  satellite-based navigation system made up of a
  network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the
  U.S. Department of Defense
• GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a
  very precise orbit and transmit signal
  information to earth. GPS receivers take this
  information and use triangulation to calculate
  the user's exact location..

11
GPS

• The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a
  satellite-based navigation system made up of a
  network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the
  U.S. Department of Defense
• GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a
  very precise orbit and transmit signal
  information to earth. GPS receivers take this
  information and use triangulation to calculate
  the user's exact location..

12
Navigational Aids

• Know the theory and operation of modern air
  navigational aids