Holt Chapter 14

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Holt Chapter 14

• Chapter Review

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Using Vocabulary

• 1. The force of attraction that holds two atoms
  together is a chemical bond.

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• 2. Charged particles that form when atoms
  transfer electrons are ions.

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• 3. The force of attraction between the nuclei of
  atoms and shared electrons is a covalent bond.

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• 4. Electrons free to move throughout a material
  are associated with a metallic bond.

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• Shared electrons are associated with a covalent
  bond.

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Understanding Concepts

• 6. Which element has a full outermost energy
  level containing only 2 electrons?
• a) oxygen b) hydrogen c) fluorine
• d) helium
• Answer d) Helium

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• 7. Which (of the following) describes what
  happens when an atom becomes an ion with a 2-
  charge?
• Answer c) the atom gains 2 electrons

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• 8. The properties of ductility and malleability
  are associated with which type of bonds?
• a) ionic b) covalent c) metallic d) none of
  the above
• Answer c) metallic

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• 9. In which area of the periodic table do you
  find elements whose atoms easily gain electrons?
• Answer c) on the right side

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• 10. What type of element tends to lose electrons
  when it forms bonds?
• A) metal b) metalloid c) nonmetal d) noble gas
• Answer a) metals

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• 11. Which pair of atoms can form an ionic bond?
• Answer
• b) potassium (K) and fluorine (F)

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Short Answers

• 12. List two properties of covalent compounds.
• Answers could include
• - a low melting point,
• - a low boiling point,
• - brittle when solid at room temp.

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• 13. Explain why an iron ion is attracted to a
  sulfide ion but NOT to a zinc ion?
• Answer iron and zinc are metals that tend to
  lose electrons , thus becoming positively
  charged. They would repel each other.
• Sulfide ion is negatively charge sulfur atom that
  gained electron, so is attracted to a positively
  charge atom such as iron

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• 14. Using knowledge of valence electrons, explain
  why carbon is an element in so many different
  molecules.
• Carbon has 4 valence electrons, therefore can
  have 4 bonds, including other carbon atoms. This
  is the most bonding possibilities. Usually atoms
  with less than 4 valence electrons give up
  electrons, and may only have one bond.

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• 15. Three types of bonds
• Ionic - lose/gain electrons
• Covalent - share electrons
• Metallic - electrons can move between ions within
  a metal

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Concept map

• 16. This was put on the board

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Critical Thinking

• 17. Types of bonding of these pairs
• A) zinc zinc metallic
• B) oxygen nitrogen covalent
• C) phosphorus and oxygen covalent
• D) magnesium and chlorine ionic

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• 18. Dots bonds
• A) sulfur (S) 6 dots, 2 bonds
• B) nitrogen (N) 5 dots, 3
• C) neon (Ne) 8 dots, 0 bonds
• D) iodine (I) 7 dots, 1 bond
• E) silicon (Si) 4 dots, 4 bonds

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• 19. What type of bond does the picture of a
  hammer is hitting a white, solid object with
  little parts appearing on the table represent.?
• Answer The substance is brittle, and is
  breaking into tiny pieces, therefore is an ionic
  bond.

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Math in Science

• 20.Electrons gained/loss and charge
• Answers
• A) calcium (Ca) lose 2 e- 2
• B) phosphorus (P) gain 3e- 3 -
• C) bromine (Br) gain 1e- 1-
• D) sulfur (S) gain 2e- 2 -

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Interpreting Graphics

• 21. The metal band near the eraser is the part of
  the pencil where metallic bonds are formed.

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• 22. Molecules with covalent bonds in a pencil
  include
• - graphite
• - wood
• - eraser

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• 23. Two differences between the properties of the
  parts of the pencil are
• Answer The metallically bonded part of the
  pencil is shiny, can be bent without breaking,
  and is hard in texture
• The covalently bonded parts are not shiny, will
  break when bent, and are softer. Example eraser,
  graphite, wood

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• The End