Professor Christopher George St. Clement Kendall

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GEOL 751 Carbonate PetrologyUniversity of South
CarolinaSpring 2005
Professor Christopher George St. Clement
Kendall - EWS 304 kendall_at_sc.edu 777.2410
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Shark Bay, Western Australia- Carbonates

• Intertidal Subtidal Stromatolite Heads, Ooids
  , Sea Grass Banks Carbonate Sills, Cement
  Prone Shelves.

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Lecture Series Overview

• Carbonate sediments
• Hierarchies and Geometry of Carbonates
• Bahamas sediments
• Florida sediments
• Shark Bay
• Ordovician of Kentucky and Virginia
• Miocene of Mallorca etc

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Lecture Outline

• Location
• Open Marine Sea Grass Bank Bioclastic Body
• Carbonate Sills
• Metahaline Lagoon Useless Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Depuch Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Hamlin Pool
• Stromatolite Heads and Ooid Terrace
• Lake McLeod Below sea level - Evaporite/carbonat
  e factory

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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Shark Bay
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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Shark Bay
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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Shark Bay
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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Shark Bay
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Shark Bay -Seagrass Banks-Sills-Hypersaline
Pools
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Shark Bay -Geography
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Shark Bay - Western Australia
Pleistocene Sediments
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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Pleistocene Sediments
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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Pleistocene Sediments
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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Pleistocene Sediments
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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Pleistocene Sediments
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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Washover Channel
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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Salt Scarring
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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Emu
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Shark Bay -Western Australia-Spring Time
Brian Logan
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Shark Bay - Western Australia
Kangeroo
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Shark Bay - Western Australia
Blind Inlet
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Shark Bay - Western Australia
Blind Inlet
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Blind Inlet-Shark Bay- Western Australia
Spur Groove in Beach Rocks
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Lecture Outline

• Location
• Open Marine Sea Grass Bank Bioclastic Body
• Carbonate Sills
• Metahaline Lagoon Useless Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Depuch Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Hamlin Pool
• Stromatolite Heads and Ooid Terrace
• Lake McLeod Below sea level - Evaporite/carbonat
  e factory

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Wooramel Bank

• Open Marine Sea Grass Bank Bioclastic Body
• Lens like cross section
• Updip Evaporite Tidal Flat
• Tidal channel complex down dip
• Luxuriant grass supports epiphytes building bank
  7ft /year seaward into 30 ft water

Grass Bank
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Wooramel Bank

• Open Marine Sea Grass Bank Bioclastic Body
• Lens like cross section
• Updip Evaporite Tidal Flat
• Tidal channel complex down dip
• Luxuriant grass supports epiphytes building bank
  7ft /year seaward into 30 ft water

Grass Bank
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WooramelBank
Grass Bank
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Freycinet Bank
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(No Transcript)
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Wooramel Bank

• Open Marine Sea Grass Bank Bioclastic Body
• Lens like cross section
• Updip Evaporite Tidal Flat
• Tidal channel complex down dip
• Luxuriant grass supports epiphytes building bank
  7ft /year seaward into 30 ft water

Grass Bank
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Wooramel Bank

• Open Marine Sea Grass Bank Bioclastic Body
• Lens like cross section
• Updip Evaporite Tidal Flat
• Tidal channel complex down dip
• Luxuriant grass supports epiphytes building bank
  7ft /year seaward into 30 ft water

Grass Bank
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Wooramel Bank

• Open Marine Sea Grass Bank Bioclastic Body
• Lens like cross section
• Updip Evaporite Tidal Flat
• Tidal channel complex down dip
• Luxuriant grass supports epiphytes building bank
  7ft /year seaward into 30 ft water

Grass Bank
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Wooramel Bank
Grass Bank
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Gascoyne River Delta
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Wooramel River Delta
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Wooramel Bank Intertidal Flats
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Wooramel Bank Shark Bay
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Wooramel Bank
Grass Bank
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Wooramel Bank
Grass Bank
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Wooramel Bank
Levee
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Wooramel Bank
Grass Bank
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Wooramel Bank
Grasses
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Wooramel Bank W. Australia
Sea Snake
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Wooramel Bank
Grasses
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Lecture Outline

• Location
• Open Marine Sea Grass Bank Bioclastic Body
• Carbonate Sills
• Metahaline Lagoon Useless Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Depuch Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Hamlin Pool
• Stromatolite Heads and Ooid Terrace
• Lake McLeod Below sea level - Evaporite/carbonat
  e factory

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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Faure Sill
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HamlinPool
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Faure Sill
Grasses
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Faure Sill
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Faure Sill
Grasses
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Faure Sill
Grasses
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Lecture Outline

• Location
• Open Marine Sea Grass Bank Bioclastic Body
• Carbonate Sills
• Metahaline Lagoon Useless Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Depuch Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Hamlin Pool
• Stromatolite Heads and Ooid Terrace
• Lake McLeod Below sea level - Evaporite/carbonat
  e factory

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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Useless Loop
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Useless Loop
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Lecture Outline

• Location
• Open Marine Sea Grass Bank Bioclastic Body
• Carbonate Sills
• Metahaline Lagoon Useless Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Depuch Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Hamlin Pool
• Stromatolite Heads and Ooid Terrace
• Lake McLeod Below sea level - Evaporite/carbonat
  e factory

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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Depuch Inlet
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Depuch Loop
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Depuch Loop
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Depuch Loop
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Depuch Loop
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Lecture Outline

• Location
• Open Marine Sea Grass Bank Bioclastic Body
• Carbonate Sills
• Metahaline Lagoon Useless Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Depuch Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Hamlin Pool
• Stromatolite Heads and Ooid Terrace
• Lake McLeod Below sea level - Evaporite/carbonat
  e factory

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Shark Bay -Western Australia
Hamlin Pool
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HamlinPool
Pool
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HamlinPool
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Hamlin Pool
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Hamlin Pool
Pool
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Hamlin Pool
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Hamlin Pool
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Hamlin Pool
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Hamlin Pool
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Hamlin Pool
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Hamlin Pool
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Hamlin Pool
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Lecture Outline

• Location
• Open Marine Sea Grass Bank Bioclastic Body
• Carbonate Sills
• Metahaline Lagoon Useless Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Depuch Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Hamlin Pool
• Stromatolite Heads and Ooid Terrace
• Lake McLeod Below sea level - Evaporite/carbonat
  e factory

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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool - Stromatolite Morphology
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Paul Hoffman Photo
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HamlinPool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolite
Paul Hoffman Photo
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
Paul Hoffman Photo
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
Paul Hoffman Photo
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
Stromotolites are inclined seaward into breaking
waves
Paul Hoffman Photo
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Hamlin Pool
Stromatolites
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Pre-Cambrian Great Slave Lake
Stromatolites
Paul Hoffman Photo
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Pre-Cambrian Great Slave Lake
Stromatolites
Paul Hoffman Photo
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Pre-Cambrian Great Slave Lake
Stromatolites
Paul Hoffman Photo
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Pre-CambrianGreat Slave Lake
Stromatolites
Paul Hoffman Photo
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Lecture Outline

• Location
• Open Marine Sea Grass Bank Bioclastic Body
• Carbonate Sills
• Metahaline Lagoon Useless Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Depuch Loop
• Hypersaline Lagoon Hamlin Pool
• Stromatolite Heads and Ooid Terrace
• Lake McLeod Below sea level - Evaporite/carbonat
  e factory

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Lake McLeodW. Australia
Stromatolites
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Lake McLeodW. Australia
Subtial area
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Lake McLeodW. Australia
Stromatolites
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Lake McLeodW. Australia
History
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Lake McLeodW. Australia
Quoba Ridge
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Lake McLeodW. Australia
Sub Tidal Springs
Mounds
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Lake McLeodW. Australia
Subtidal Spring
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Lake McLeodW. Australia
Spring rimmed by mangroves
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Lake McLeodW. Australia
Spring Mangroves
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Lake McLeodW. Australia
Spring
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Lake McLeodW. Australia
Marine Spring
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Lake McLeodW. Australia
Marine Spring
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Marine Spring
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Marine Spring
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Marine Spring
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Fill
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Drape
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Pisolites
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Pisolites
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Pisolite
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Drape
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Drape
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Cement Drape
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Marine Cement
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Carbonate Bank
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Carbonate Bank
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Carbonate Margin
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Gypsum and Water
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Lake McLeodW. Australia
Gypsum and Water
The Entrance to Hell
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Gypsum and Water
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Gypsum and Water Beneath
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
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Lake McLeod W. Australia
Gypsum and Water Beneath
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Lecture Conclusions

• Shark Bay is an important analogue for ancient
  carbonates
• Open marine carbonate bioclastic bank margins
  form linear lens shaped continuous bodies along
  strike
• Carbonate sill hypersaline coastal terraces
  form box shaped continuous linear bodies along
  strike
• Metahaline cementation favors stromatolite heads,
  ooids, intertidal capillary crusts, cemented
  lagoon floors
• Evaporite/Carbonate couplets may be the product
  of sea surface depression below a barrier margin
  that leaks

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End of the Lecture

• Can it be lunchtime????