Logistics Systems Engineering

1
NTU SY-521-N
SMU SYS 7340
Logistics Systems Engineering Supportability
Dr. Jerrell T. Stracener, SAE Fellow
2
Supportability

• Definition
• Comments
• Supportability Requirements
• Supportability Elements
• Benefits
• Cost Consideration
• System Design
• Barriers
• Post Delivery
• Software and CALS

3
Definition

• Supportability (Military) is the degree to which
  system design characteristics and planned
  logistics resources including manpower meet
  system (operational and wartime utilization)
  requirements.
• Supportability (general) develops in the design
  and maintains in the field equipment Reliability,
  Maintainability, and Availability characteristics
  by providing personnel, supply and support
  equipment at the right place at the right time.

4
Definition

• Supportability (Commercial/Industrial) is
  commercial equivalents to Resources,
  Operational, etc.

• Key Words
• Design Characteristics
• Planned Logistics Resources
• Operational / Utilization Requirements

5
Definition

• Supportability Assessment is an evaluation of how
  well the composite of support considerations
  necessary to achieve the economical and effective
  support of a system for its life cycle meets
  stated quantitative and qualitative requirements.
  This includes integrated logistics support and
  logistic support related O S cost
  considerations.

6
Definition

• Supportability Analysis (SA) is an iterative
  analytical process by which the logistic support
  necessary for a new (or modified) system is
  identified and evaluated. The SA constitutes the
  application of selected quantitative methods to
• 1. Aid in the initial determination of
  supportability design.
• 2. Aid in various design alternatives.
• 3. Aid in the various elements of maintenance.
• 4. Aid in the final assessment of the system
  support.

7
Definition

• Supportability Related Design Factors are factors
  which include only the effects of an items
  design. Examples include inherent reliability
  and maintainability values, testability values,
  transportability characteristics etc.
• Supportability Factors are qualitative and
  quantitative indicators of supportability.

8
Definition

• Integrated Logistic Support is a composite of all
  support considerations necessary to assure the
  effective and economical support of a system for
  its life cycle. It is an integral part of all
  other aspects of system acquisition and
  operation. Integrated logistics support is
  characterized by harmony and coherence among all
  logistics elements.

9
Definition

• Design (Dictionary)
• To draw, lay out, or prepare a design
• To make a drawing, pattern or sketch of
• To create, fashion, execute or construct
  according to plan
• Design (Supportability) The practical
  application of the laws of nature to define an
  item that will perform an identified function
• Item must be producible
• Item must be supportable

10
Definition

• The highest degree of supportability is achieved
  by
• 1. Including supportability as a consideration
  of the design process
• 2. Designing and optimum set of
  support resources
• 3. Timely delivery of the set of support
  resources

11
Definition

• I often say that when you can measure what you
  are speaking about and express it in numbers, you
  know something about it. But when you cannot
  express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a
  meager and unsatisfactory kind it may be the
  beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely, in
  your thoughts advanced to the state of science,
  whatever the matter may be.
• Lord Kelvin

12
Comments

• Traditional design is based on well defined laws
• Supportability is adequately defined
• There are no well defined laws for
  supportability
• The elements of supportability are adequately
  defined and quantified
• Supportability needs a Lord Kelvin to develop
  supportability dimensions
• These dimensions must be accepted by the entire
  community, producers and users
• These dimensions will most likely be functions of
  cost and readiness

13
Supportability Requirements
Minimum Downtime Minimum LCC
14
Supportability Elements

• Supportability has three elements
• 1. Support to design activity
• Requirements Development
• Design Input
• Evaluation and Trade Analysis
• Resource Identification
• Test and Evaluation

15
Supportability Elements

• Supportability has three elements
• 2. Development of Support Resources (Products)
• Trained Personnel
• Support Equipment
• Supply Support
• 3. Fielding and Product Support

16
Benefits of Design For Supportability

• System Characteristics
• Inherent Reliability
• Easily Operable and Maintainable
• Support System Characteristics
• Adequate Supply of Trained Personnel
• Minimal / Low Cost Support Equipment
• Capitalize Existing Facilities
• Transportable Design
• Achieves Goals in
• Availability
• Cost Effectiveness (LC and O S)

17
Cost Considerations
Insert A
18
How to Consider in System Design

• Methods of Incorporation
• Contract Scope of Work
• Management Commitment
• Designer Commitment
• Tester Commitment

19
Supportability During Design
Objective Minimum Downtime Minimum LCC
20
Supportability During Conceptual Design

• A systems design establishes the basic
  requirement for support resources
• Support is a design parameter
• Support features must be included in the
  conceptual design

21
Insert T 313-15
22
Insert T 313-16
23
Supportability During Conceptual Design

• Specialties and their qualifications
• All supportability specialties
• Reliability
• Maintainability
• Testability
• ILS Management
• LCC/Downtime/Availability
• LSA/LSAR
• All support disciplines (Tech writing supply
  support etc.)

24
Supportability During Conceptual Design

• All specialties must be experienced in operations
  and support and also experienced in design
• Baseline information and data requirements
• Operation Scenario
• Number of operational sites
• Number of operational systems
• Location of operational sites
• Operating hours per system per month
• Planned Operational Life

25
Supportability During Conceptual Design

• Baseline information and data requirements
  (continue)
• Maintenance and Support Scenario
• Planned levels of maintenance
• Pipeline times
• Contractor or customer organic maintenance
• Skills available
• Warranty Requirements
• O S data from previous similar systems

26
Supportability During Conceptual Design

• Process
• Identify design for support requirements
• Configuration
• Reliability
• Maintainability and Testability
• Design/Support Trades
• Life Cycle Cost
• Availability/Downtime
• Baseline for estimates extrapolated from existing
  similar systems

27
Supportability During Conceptual Design

• Outputs
• Supportable design that fulfills mission
  requirements
• Documented and justified VIA LCC and Downtime
• Integrated Support Plan
• All preliminary supportability planning
• Keyed to design and fabrication schedules
• Keyed to support resources need dates
• Estimate of cost to conduct supportability program

28
Supportability During Initial Design

• Monitor decision to proceed/contract award for
• Design changes that impact supportability
• Omissions/deletions of supportability
  elements/funding
• Update ISP accordingly
• Phase in specialties
• 1. Reliability, Maintainability, LSA and LCC
  first
• To defend conceptual design supportability
  features
• To pick up additional supportability features
• To monitor design

29
Supportability During Initial Design

• Phase in specialties (continue)
• 2. LSAR
• Develop documented maintenance and support
  analysis of each repairable item
• Identification of all support resource
  requirements
• 3. Support Specialties
• Development and delivery of support resources

30
Insert T 313-23
31
Supportability During Initial Design

• Integrated Logistics Support management team
  meetings
• Continually review schedule and interface
• Identify and resolve open issues and identified
  problems
• Update ISP
• LSAR Review
• Manufacture internal all specialties review and
  accept each complete LSAR
• User accept each LSAR and or LSA reports

32
Supportability During Initial Design

• Schedule
• Completed LSAR requires released drawing and LSAR
  approval
• Provisioning requires approved LSAR
• Technical manual preparation requires approved
  LSAR and completed provisioning
• Training requires the technical manual

33
Supportability During Initial Design

• Support resources are not always available to
  support testing
• Contractor pre operational support is required,
  this includes
• Contractor spare parts support
• Contractor personnel to support maintenance and
  support
• Contractor Depot

34
Supportability During Initial Design

• Supportability Test
• Monitor all testing to observe performance of
  support resources
• Update LSAR/Support resource as required
• Develop workarounds for support resources not
  available

35
Supportability During Final Design

• Develop supportability design improvements
• Monitor all design updates
• Emphasize supportability for design updates
• Continue ILSMTS
• Update
• ISP
• LSAR
• All support resources

36
Insert T 313-28
37
Other Processes

• MIL STD 1388-1A - Equipment

Insert B
38
Program Planning and Control

• MIL STD 1388
• 101 Early Logistics Support Strategy
• Concept Phase Activity
• Required for Dem/Val Phase
• 102 Logistics Support Analysis Plan
• Germain to LSA Effort
• Living/Dynamic Document
• Program Credibility
• Risk Management Tool
• 103 Program and Design Reviews
• Synchronized with Design Review-Integral

39
Determination of Support Resources Req.

• 401 Task Analysis Allows for detailed analysis
  of proposed designs, including
• Operational and Maintenance Tasks
• Logistics Support Resources
• Training Requirements Recommendations
• Supportability goal verification/justification
  for design change
• Risk Management (Logistic Resources)
• Transportability Analysis
• Provisioning
• Validation of Data and LSAR

40
Determination of Support Resources Req.

• 402 Early Fielding Analysis
• Determines effects on other systems, manpower,
  readiness, survivability
• 403 Post Production Support Analysis
• Post production support planning

41
Barriers to Supportability by Design

• Knowledge of Program
• Funding Available
• Lack of Design Definition (Catch 22)
• Personality Attributes
• Management Commitment
• Engineering Commitment
• Funding

42
Barriers to Supportability by Design

• Speed of Program
• Type and Scope of Technical Data (TM/TNG)
• Data Management (Volume of Data)
• Time for Resource Acquisition Flash to Bang

43
Post Delivery Supportability

• The real test of supportability
• Support resources
• The validity of the maintenance/support concept
• Updates are usually required
• Continue ILSMTS
• Monitor support resources performance
• Out of production support
• Phase Out
• Develop lessons learned

44
Operational Software Supportability

• Digital Electronics has invaded all equipment
• Automobiles
• Television Receivers
• Military and commercial equipment
• Digital electronics requires instructions (prog.)
• Programs reside as software on the host equipment
  on
• DISC
• Tape
• Proms
• EProms

45
Operational Software Supportability

• Software updates are required to
• Correct errors
• Accommodate for mission changes
• Accommodate for design changes
• Without software update capability, equipment
  could die
• Software supportability, like hardware
  supportability must be planned from the outset
  otherwise updates can require complete
  redevelopment

46
Operational Software Supportability

• Fleet users require organic capability to update
  their software
• There are three key elements to software
  supportability
• Documentation
• Configuration control
• Common software tools
• Higher order language
• Compiler
• Host Computer

47
Operational Software Supportability

• DOD instruction 2167 requires
• All of the key elements
• A computer resources integrates support document

48
Computer-aided Acquisition Logistics Support

• Application of digital capabilities to design and
  data development for DoD equipment
• CALS includes
• Engineering Drawings
• All reports and contract data
• Equipment specifications
• All logistics data

49
Computer-aided Acquisition Logistics Support

• Data is interchanged and stored digitally
  assuring
• Easy transmittal
• Simplified storage
• Rapid update
• Immediate access
• Possibly the greatest advance since the printing
  press

50
Conclusions and Recommendations

• This section has provided an overview of the
  activities related to supportability
• Supportability suffers from a dearth of the
  rigorous logic that has made the technical
  specialties so effective
• Supportability requires basic research to develop
  credible techniques based on its fundamental
  equation Re-lt

51
Conclusions and Recommendations

• Supportability is a design parameter, each
  engineering student needs a basic course in
  logistics as a part of the undergraduate
  engineering curriculum
• Each logistician needs some basic understanding
  of the design process

52
The System View

• Availability
• Sortie Generation Rates
• Basing

Product

• Reliability
• Maintainability
• Supportability
• Testability

• Organization
• Requirements
• Schedule Maintenance
• Unscheduled Maintenance

• Spares
• Technical Publications
• Training
• Support Equipment

53
Concept of a System

• A system is defined as an aggregation or
  assemblage of objects joined in some regular
  interaction or interdependence, principally
  dynamic with changes over time. Systems are
  generally characterized by Entities, Attributes,
  and Activities.
• Examples
• System Entities Attributes Activities
• Traf. Flow Cars Speed, Dist. Driving, Delays
• Bank Op. Customers Balance, Depositing Credi
  t Status Withdrawing
• Comm. Message Length, Transmitting
• Priority Receiving

54
Types of Availability Measures

• Inherent Availability,
• Achieved Availaiblity,
• Operational Availability,

55
Types of Availability Measures

• Where
• MTBF is the Mean Time Between Failures
• MTTRc is the Mean Time To Repair corrective
• MTTRcp is the Mean Time To Repair
  corrective/preventative
• MLDT is the Mean Logistics Down Time

56
System Time Relationships
Insert graph MIL-STD-721C
57
System Supportability AnalysisSupply Support
Analysis
58
Properties of the Poisson Distribution 1. The
number of outcomes occurring in one time
interval or specified region is independent of
the number that occurs in any other disjoint
time interval or region of space. In this way we
say that the Poisson process has no memory. 2.
The probability that a single outcome will occur
during a very short time interval or in a small
region is proportional to the length of the time
interval or the size of the region and does not
depend on the number of outcomes occurring
outside this time interval or region.
59
Properties of the Poisson Distribution 3. The
probability that more than one outcome will
occur in such a short time interval or fall in
such a small region is negligible.
60
(No Transcript)
61
(No Transcript)
62
Poisson Distribution - Example When a company
tests new tires by driving them over difficult
terrain, they find that flat tires externally
caused occur on the average of once every 2000
miles. It is found also that the Poisson process
yields a useful model. What is the
probability that in a given 500 mile test no more
than one flat will occur?
63
(No Transcript)
64
(No Transcript)
65
(No Transcript)
66
(No Transcript)
67
(No Transcript)
68
(No Transcript)
69
The Poisson Model
70
The Poisson Model
71
The Poisson Model - Example Application Problem
- An item has a failure rate of ? 0.002
failures per hour if the item is being put into
service for a period of 1000 hours. What is the
probability that 4 spares in stock will be
sufficient? Solution - Expected number of
failures (spares required) ?t 2 P(enough
spares) P(x ? 4) p(0) p(1) p(2) p(3)
p(4) 0.945 or about a 5 chance of not having
enough spares!