Diapositive 1

1
11
(23) derivation of the Lower pattern by cyclic application of the Lower rule sample derivations showing the cyclic application of Lower Pol bulka "bread roll (alternating vowels are called yers in Slavic) derivation of the Lower pattern by cyclic application of the Lower rule sample derivations showing the cyclic application of Lower Pol bulka "bread roll (alternating vowels are called yers in Slavic) derivation of the Lower pattern by cyclic application of the Lower rule sample derivations showing the cyclic application of Lower Pol bulka "bread roll (alternating vowels are called yers in Slavic) derivation of the Lower pattern by cyclic application of the Lower rule sample derivations showing the cyclic application of Lower Pol bulka "bread roll (alternating vowels are called yers in Slavic) derivation of the Lower pattern by cyclic application of the Lower rule sample derivations showing the cyclic application of Lower Pol bulka "bread roll (alternating vowels are called yers in Slavic) derivation of the Lower pattern by cyclic application of the Lower rule sample derivations showing the cyclic application of Lower Pol bulka "bread roll (alternating vowels are called yers in Slavic)
underlying ? Lower ? yer- deletion ? surface relevant yer occurs in
a. bul-icz-ik-a bul-ecz-ik-a bul-ecz-k-a buleczk-a __C yer C V
b. bul-ik- bul-ek- bul-ek bulek __C yer
c. bul-icz-ik- bul-ecz-ek- bul-ecz-ek bulecz-ek __C yer C yer
d. bul-ik-a bul-k-a bulk-a __C V
Association under Control
Stable vs. alternating suffix-initial vowels
Samir Ben Si Saïd tsamir306_at_hotmail.com Tobias Scheer scheer_at_unice.fr University of Nice, CNRS 6039 Markéta Ziková zikova_at_phil.muni.cz University of Brno Manchester Phonology Meeting 17 28-30 May 2009 this poster and some of the references quoted at www.unice.fr/dsl/tobias.htm
(28) there are two types of vowel-initial suffixes there are two types of vowel-initial suffixes
a. suffixes whose vowel does not alternate with zero ( suffixes with stable Vs)
b. suffixes whose vowel does alternate with zero
c. like everywhere else in Slavic languages, the contrast between alternating and stable vowels is a lexical property of each morpheme and therefore needs to be recorded in the lexicon.
d. the regular contrast (lexically associated vs. unassociated pieces of melody) is not available in the Government-based analysis.
Association under lexical control lexical
specification of pieces of melody
The examples given in (8) reveal underlying
melodic items which surface only in plural and
which are not predictable gt These items are
present in the lexicon and they belong to the
root but for some reason are absent in the
singular.
1
purpose
8
4
(1) to explore a potential of autosegmental representations that has lied waste thus far to explore a potential of autosegmental representations that has lied waste thus far to explore a potential of autosegmental representations that has lied waste thus far
a. association of pieces of melody and syllabic constituents is not necessarily automatic association of pieces of melody and syllabic constituents is not necessarily automatic
b. it may be governed by it may be governed by
1. grammar morphology issues an order, association is a (piece of a) morpheme gt typical property of templatic morphology Arabic etc., here Kabyle Berber
2. the lexicon melodic items are lexically specified for associating or not gt here vowel-zero alternations in Polish and Czech
3. socio-linguistics the socio-linguistic situation decides gt French liaison with and without enchaînement
(29) examples examples examples examples examples examples
a. diminutive -ek is alternating Po pies-ek, pies-øk-a Cz dom-ek, dom-øk-u diminutive -ek is alternating Po pies-ek, pies-øk-a Cz dom-ek, dom-øk-u diminutive -ek is alternating Po pies-ek, pies-øk-a Cz dom-ek, dom-øk-u diminutive -ek is alternating Po pies-ek, pies-øk-a Cz dom-ek, dom-øk-u diminutive -ek is alternating Po pies-ek, pies-øk-a Cz dom-ek, dom-øk-u
b. adj. -ov is stable - it triggers the absence of a preceding alternating vowel - it does not alternate itself adj. -ov is stable - it triggers the absence of a preceding alternating vowel - it does not alternate itself adj. -ov is stable - it triggers the absence of a preceding alternating vowel - it does not alternate itself adj. -ov is stable - it triggers the absence of a preceding alternating vowel - it does not alternate itself adj. -ov is stable - it triggers the absence of a preceding alternating vowel - it does not alternate itself
CøC-V CeC CøC-ov-V gloss
Czech skøl-o skel skøl-ov-it-ý glass Ng, Gpl, glassy
Polish kotøl-a kociol kotøl -ow-y boiler Gsg, Nsg, adj.
A has priority in external plural formation
(8)
the classical analysis is unable to derive the
Havlík pattern
(Slavic) vowel-zero alternations
Ive classified the nouns according to their
cluster in the singular form. Examples are given
in the following table
(13) all vowel-zero alternations share (13) all vowel-zero alternations share
a. zero in open syllables (Cz lokøt-e)
b. vowel in closed syllables (Cz loket, loket-ní)
Scheer (2004) Scheer (2004)
(24) the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík the Lower rule cannot be adapted to Havlík
a. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like. the generative literature does not consider the Havlík pattern. It is therefore difficult to determine what an analysis in terms of the classical Lower rule or OT-adapted versions thereof would look like.
b. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row. the classical Lower rule does not provide any indication whether a given string should be processed from left to right, right to left or in any other way. It is therefore unclear how the Lower rule should be applied when a string needs to be processed - that makes a single cycle/phase - and that contains more than two alternating vowels in a row.
c. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right. Rubach's (1984) additional specification that Lower is a cyclic rule ensures that strings are processed from left-to-right.
d. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation. what would be needed is a right-to-left parsing, but there is no way to enforce this kind of anti-cyclic derivation.
e. even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces even if there were a means to do that, the result would be wrong on the assumption that stray erasure of floating melodies occurs only at the end of the entire derivation, C?C?C? parsed right-to-left in a single cycle produces

x x x

C e3 C e2 C e1

step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø step 1 non-vocalisation of e1 (no following floating e) step 2 vocalisation of e2 (presence of a following floating e) step 3 vocalisation of e3 (presence of a following floating e) gt result CeCeC correct result CøCeCø
Classes Clusters Examples
Class 2 VCCC aDêfl, iSSêw, uSSên, asfêl, awrên, iDmêr, alwês
Class 3 VCVC amur, afus, agus, iDim, amud, asif, iGil
Class 4 VCVCVC azuliG, aBaliG, aGanim, aBagus
Class 5 VCVCC aqalêB, iBiqês, azarêz, asawên, asulêf
Class 6 VCCiCiVC azêqqu?, aDêbbuz, aSêbbaç, aSêllul, asêqqif
Class 7 VCCCVC amêhraz, igêrgis, afêrfuD, asêfru, akêrfuf, amêCsa, imênsi
Class 8 VCCVC argaz, uzzal, afrux, axxam, afraÍ, afzim, azniq
(14) basic pattern of Slavic vowel-zero alternations, no variation basic pattern of Slavic vowel-zero alternations, no variation basic pattern of Slavic vowel-zero alternations, no variation basic pattern of Slavic vowel-zero alternations, no variation basic pattern of Slavic vowel-zero alternations, no variation
zero in open syllables vowel in closed syllables vowel in closed syllables gloss
C__C-V C__C C__C-CV
Russian vojøn-á vójen vojén-n?j war Nsg, Gpl, adj.
Czech lokøt-e loket loket-ní elbow Gsg, Nsg, adj.
Polish wojøn-a wojen wojen-ny war Nsg, Gpl, adj.
(30) contradiction for stable suffix-initial vowels contradiction for stable suffix-initial vowels
a. they must be lexically associated recall that this is the definition of the contrast between stable and alternating vowels
b. they must be lexically floating for otherwise they would be unable to land in the final empty nucleus of the stem. We know that this is where they land because the trigger vowel-zero alternations.
Association under grammatical (morphological )
control (piece of) a morpheme
(9) Examples of A association in the external plural are given in a-items below. b-items show that not all nouns possess an underlying A no A surfaces in either sg or pl.
5
Lower vs. Havlík
2
noun classes 8 6 - 3 Singular Plural Gloss
8.a aÍlim iÍêlma-n skin
amzur imêzra-n hair
uzzal uzla-n iron
regular templatic morphology found in Semitic
(15) they fall into two patterns according to how sequences of alternating vowels behave (15) they fall into two patterns according to how sequences of alternating vowels behave
a. Havlík vocalises every other, counting from the right margin.
b. Lower vocalises all of them.
suffixal-initial vowels must float suffixal-initial vowels must float suffixal-initial vowels must float suffixal-initial vowels must float suffixal-initial vowels must float suffixal-initial vowels must float suffixal-initial vowels must float suffixal-initial vowels must float suffixal-initial vowels must float
Cz skel-o glass (NOMsg) Cz skel-o glass (NOMsg) Cz skel-o glass (NOMsg) Cz skel-o glass (NOMsg) Cz skel-o glass (NOMsg) Cz skel-o glass (NOMsg) Cz skel-o glass (NOMsg) Cz skel-o glass (NOMsg) Cz skel-o glass (NOMsg)
Gvt Gvt Gvt Gvt

C V C V C V - C V

s k e l o
root root root root root NOMsg NOMsg NOMsg
-o is NOT a yer it remains stable -o is NOT a yer it remains stable -o is NOT a yer it remains stable -o is NOT a yer it remains stable -o is NOT a yer it remains stable -o is NOT a yer it remains stable -o is NOT a yer it remains stable -o is NOT a yer it remains stable -o is NOT a yer it remains stable -o is NOT a yer it remains stable -o is NOT a yer it remains stable -o is NOT a yer it remains stable -o is NOT a yer it remains stable -o is NOT a yer it remains stable
Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily Cz skøl-ov-itý glassily
Gvt Gvt Gvt Gvt Gvt Gvt

C V C V C V C V C V

s k e l - o v - i t ý
(2) typical situation in Semitic grammatical control over association typical situation in Semitic grammatical control over association
a. example the gemination of the middle consonant of a triconsonantal root may be a morpheme, i.e. only marker of the grammatical category in question C1VC2VC3 - unmarked meaning C1VC2C2VC3 - intensive/iterative meaning
b. gt C2 receives an "order" to associate
8.b afzim ifzim-n brooch
amDun imDun-n basin
axxam ixxam-n home
6.a asêqqif isêqfa-n threshold
azêqqurQ izêGrQa-n piece of wood
aSêbbaC iSêBCa-n wire netting
6.b alêqqam ilêqqam-n grafted tree
ifeddix ifeddix-n Bruise
ahêlluf ihêlluf-n Pig
3.a asif isaff-n river
(16) Havlík's Law illustration (16) Havlík's Law illustration
4 3 2 1 4 2 CS s? p?s-?m? gt ocz se pøs-emø 5 4 3 2 1 4 2 CS s? š?v-?c-?m? gt ocz sø šev-øc-emø "with the dog" "with the shoemaker"
3
9
The external plural agent A in Kabyle Berber
(31) solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution solution
a. the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel the stable/alternating distinction is a lexical property of gt the melody of the vowel
b. floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008 floating vowels fall into two groups - those that can associate to any nucleus gt -ov - those that can associate only to ungoverned nuclei gt -ek Ziková 2008
alternating vowel alternating vowel alternating vowel alternating vowel alternating vowel stable vowel stable vowel stable vowel stable vowel stable vowel
O N O N
vs.
e k o v

c. illustration illustration illustration illustration illustration illustration illustration
-ov associates to governed nuclei -ov associates to governed nuclei -ov associates to governed nuclei -ov associates to governed nuclei -ov associates to governed nuclei -ov associates to governed nuclei -ov associates to governed nuclei -ov associates to governed nuclei -ov associates to governed nuclei -ov associates to governed nuclei
Gvt Gvt Gvt Gvt Gvt

O N O N - O N - O N -

sk e l o v i t ý skøl-ov-it-ý skøl-ov-it-ý skøl-ov-it-ý skøl-ov-it-ý skøl-ov-it-ý

-ek cannot associate to governed nuclei -ek cannot associate to governed nuclei -ek cannot associate to governed nuclei -ek cannot associate to governed nuclei -ek cannot associate to governed nuclei -ek cannot associate to governed nuclei -ek cannot associate to governed nuclei -ek cannot associate to governed nuclei -ek cannot associate to governed nuclei -ek cannot associate to governed nuclei -ek cannot associate to governed nuclei -ek cannot associate to governed nuclei
Gvt Gvt

O N O N - O N -

d o m e k u dom-øk-u dom-øk-u dom-øk-u dom-øk-u
Government-based analysis of vowel-zero
alternations
(3) outline in Kabyle nouns whose root bears an A, this A must branch in external plurals. even if this branching affects the rest of the root loss of segmental material. while the plural observes templatic restrictions, this cannot be the result of regular templatic activity the branching of A is systematically favoured over other ways to fill in the templatic space. gt there is a specific order issued by plural formation that requires the A to branch. outline in Kabyle nouns whose root bears an A, this A must branch in external plurals. even if this branching affects the rest of the root loss of segmental material. while the plural observes templatic restrictions, this cannot be the result of regular templatic activity the branching of A is systematically favoured over other ways to fill in the templatic space. gt there is a specific order issued by plural formation that requires the A to branch.
(4) (5) a. b. c. (6) a. b. (7) Kabyle plural two types of plural ?external plural, called N plural and it is characterized by the suffixation of N to the singular iTBir ? iTBir-n pigeon ?internal plural or A plural and it is characterized by changing in the quality of the vowels and A in last position aGanim ? iGunam reed ?note that the alternation of initial sg a ? pl i occurs in 97 of nouns. It is probably a prefixed (unproductive?) article (which however cannot be dissociated from the root). This alternation plays no role in the demonstration below. Schwa in Kabyle The occurrence of schwa is predictable in Kabyle. As described by Chaker (1983), schwa occurs in the following environments between two consonants in a word-final consonant C__C e.g. /izêm/ between C1 and C2 of a C1C2C3V cluster C1__C2C3V e.g. /idêflan/ between a consonant and geminate C__C e.g. /aDêbbuz/ ? êCV is forbidden in Kabyle Berber. The feminine in Kabyle in Kabyle a specific morphological formation is called "feminine" but actually covers a number of semantic values (Chaker 1998). surface appearance sg T-v-T pl T-v-in Different semantic values sex male female amGar old man T-amGar-T old woman size diminutive asif river T-asif-T small river augmentative T-ittQ eye ittQ big eye inclusion collective singulative awêttQuf ants T-awêttQuf-T one ant  pejorative argaz man T-argaz-T weakling T-amêttQu-T woman amêttQu mannish. Absence vs. presence of melodic items in external plural formation
As we can observe, the external plurals may present items that are absent in the singular.
(25) Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels Lower describes a lateral and regressive relationship between vowels
 
 
p i s i Czech pes dog Nsg   Czech pes dog Nsg   Czech pes dog Nsg   Czech pes dog Nsg   Czech pes dog Nsg   Czech pes dog Nsg   Czech pes dog Nsg   Czech pes dog Nsg  
e vocalization e vocalization e vocalization e vocalization e vocalization e vocalization e vocalization  
(17) Havlík vs. Lower illustration (17) Havlík vs. Lower illustration (17) Havlík vs. Lower illustration (17) Havlík vs. Lower illustration (17) Havlík vs. Lower illustration (17) Havlík vs. Lower illustration
open syllable open syllable closed syllable closed syllable closed syllable
zero vowel vowel vowel vowel
C__C-V C__C-yer Cø C__C-yer Cø C__C-ø C__C-CV
Cz dom-øk-u ocz dom- ø c-ek mcz dom- e c-ek ocz dom- ø c-ek mcz dom- e c-ek dom-ek dom-ec-øk-u
Po pøs-a opol p ø s-ek mpol p ie s-ek opol p ø s-ek mpol p ie s-ek pies pies-øk-a
afuD ifadd-n Leg
3.b amud imudd-n dry measure
aBux iBuxx-n Soot
When A is lexically present, it appears
in the pl. gt If lexically present, A is a
plural marker in external plurals. Hence it is
subject to an order to appear on the
surface, even if its appearance causes damage
elsewhere in the root.
(26) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) general properties of Government in CVCV Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008)  
a. alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus alternating vowels are 1. pieces of melody that are 2. lexically unassociated to their nucleus  
b. stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus stable vowels are lexically associated to their nucleus  
Rubach (1986) Rubach (1986) Rubach (1986) Rubach (1986) Rubach (1986) Rubach (1986) Gussmann Kaye (1993) Gussmann Kaye (1993) Gussmann Kaye (1993) Gussmann Kaye (1993) Gussmann Kaye (1993) Gussmann Kaye (1993) Gussmann Kaye (1993) Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008) Scheer (2004, 2005), Ziková (2008)
x x O N O N O N O N

p e s e p s p e s
c. c. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation. Government relations hold between syllabic constituents, hence x-slots cannot be created during a derivation.  
d. d. lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below) lateral abilities (who is a good governor?) full nuclei are good governors (-e below) empty nuclei are not good governors (the last nucleus below) governed nuclei are not good governors (second but last nucleus below)  
e. e. Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei Government is an association inhibitor floating pieces of melody can only associate to ungoverned nuclei  
(10) Templatic analysis a. Templates
Templates are a fixed sequence of CV positions
that serves is associated to some morpho-semantic
value. The melodic material of the lexical items
must comply with this skeleton when it
instantiates the morpho-semantic value at hand.
b. Peripheral vowels
(18) a parameter a parameter a parameter
a. Havlík and Lower may not coexist within a given language languages follow either one or the other pattern. Havlík and Lower may not coexist within a given language languages follow either one or the other pattern.
b. examples examples
Havlík Lower
Old Polish Old Czech Moroccan Arabic German French Modern Polish Modern Czech Russian
Following Lowenstamm (1991) and Bendjaballah (1996, 1999), I adopt the hypothesis that peripheral vowels are underlyingly long in Kabyle melodic material associated to a single position appears as schwa.
6
C V C V C V C V C V C V CV
\ / \ / \ /
A I U A/I/U/ Œ
a i u ê/Œ
desiderata for an analysis
(19) properties and consequences of vowel-zero alternations properties and consequences of vowel-zero alternations properties and consequences of vowel-zero alternations properties and consequences of vowel-zero alternations properties and consequences of vowel-zero alternations
a. typically, whether a vowel alternates with zero or not cannot be predicted from its quality gt alternating and non-alternating vowels must be lexically distinct typically, whether a vowel alternates with zero or not cannot be predicted from its quality gt alternating and non-alternating vowels must be lexically distinct typically, whether a vowel alternates with zero or not cannot be predicted from its quality gt alternating and non-alternating vowels must be lexically distinct typically, whether a vowel alternates with zero or not cannot be predicted from its quality gt alternating and non-alternating vowels must be lexically distinct
Czech pes ps-a "dog" Nsg, Gsg
les les-a "forest" Nsg, Gsg
Polish pies ps-a "dog" Nsg, Gsg
bies bies-a "devil" Nsg, Gsg

b. the location of alternating vowels in the string cannot be predicted it is a lexical property of each morpheme gt the location of the alternating vowels must be lexically specified e.g. Russian the location of alternating vowels in the string cannot be predicted it is a lexical property of each morpheme gt the location of the alternating vowels must be lexically specified e.g. Russian the location of alternating vowels in the string cannot be predicted it is a lexical property of each morpheme gt the location of the alternating vowels must be lexically specified e.g. Russian the location of alternating vowels in the string cannot be predicted it is a lexical property of each morpheme gt the location of the alternating vowels must be lexically specified e.