Islamic Fundamentalism

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Islamic Fundamentalism

• Beliefs and Practices Social Movements and Groups

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Islamis not equal toIslamic Fundamentalism

• DO NOT CONFUSE THE TWO!

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Islamic Fundamentalism Beliefs

• An Islamic state should be a unified Islamic
  society, not split into differing schools of
  thought (law or theology) or sects, each with
  its own special emphasis.
• The true Islamic state should be led by a leader
  who represents the state to the rest of the
  world, and is called to be leader in the
  tradition of the early Islamic caliphs.
• The Koran, the traditions handed down from
  Muhammed, (Arabic sunna) and Islamic law,
  (sharia) should be the legal basis for state and
  society.
• They must, however, be interpreted anew by
  Islamic scholars, so as to be appropriate to
  modern times.
• Islam must be a fixed element in all areas of
  life.
• Life, in its entirety, in state and society, must
  receive its legitimacy from Islam.
• Islam must, therefore, stamp its mark clearly on
  the social, economic and political life of
  Muslims.
• Some fundamentalists reject all reform and
  modernising as Un-Islamic.
• Islam, as generally lived nowadays, is seen as a
  compromise with the unbelieving world.
• The lack of unity among Islamic law scholars is
  critiscised. Most current Islamic statesmen are
  accused of compromise and corruption.

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Islamic Fundamentalism Beliefs

• The world is divided into two spheres, Dar
  al-Islam and Dar al-HarbJihad is waged to
  remove the obstacles to the religion of God
• Jihad is a religious war with those who are
  unbelievers in the mission of the Prophet
  Muhammad the Prophet.
• A literal approach to the interpretation of the
  Quran---AKA Muslim Fundamentalists
• Believe that Islam has been corrupted by the
  modern world
• Want to return to the way people practiced Islam
  in a more pure time
• No separation between religious and secular
  authoritythe state should implement Shariah law
• Innovation is to be avoided
• Belief in revolution to affect social change
• Education of women should be banned---restricted
  roles for women
• The use of modern technology within the Islamic
  state should be banned or censored----radio, tv,
  internet, etc..

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Appeal of Islamic Fundamentalism Why?

• Muslim fundamentalists, filled with idealistic
  zeal, are committed to the establishing of a
  state which is influenced only by Islam.
• They are prepared for great sacrifice even
  their own lives to work for this goal.
• Their life perspective is to assist in the
  building of an Islamic state.
• Their aversion to all things western, and non
  Islamic society, is expressed by clothing which
  emphasizes an Islamic identity, as well as strict
  adherence to an Islamic moral code.
• The strength and attraction of fundamentalist
  groups lies in their ability to give a
  perspective and hope to people otherwise trapped
  in difficult living circumstances.
• They are able to give individual people an
  identity, and new sense of self respect.
• It has to be asked, however, whether the
  idealistic programmes which these groups intend
  to cayry out can really stand the reality test,
  and whether economic and social problems (poor
  education, unemployment, underdevelopment and
  over-population) can really be solved by a strict
  observance of Islam.

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Appeal of Islamic Fundamentalism Why?

• Many fundamentalists have very high moral and
  ethical goals, and wish to improve the lot of
  individuals in their personal sphere.
• Some of the social welfare projects which
  fundamentalist groups have set up are exemplary,
  such asorphans and widows pensions, the
  building of hospitals and schools etc..
• Tragically, there are people who believe they are
  following Muhammeds example by inflicting terror
  and violence on innocent people, and imagine that
  this can somehow bring about peace.

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Islamic Fundamentalism Achieve Goals By Doing The
Following

• Combine religion and government create more
  Islamic states
• Use Sharia Law for whole society
• Limit the effects of modernization
• Force non-fundamentalist Muslims and others to
  obey, even using violence
• Womens rights are virtually non-existent
• Unfair justice system
• Punishments are cruel
• Severely repressed by the governments of their
  own nations, such as Algeria, Egypt, and Saudi
  Arabia, they nevertheless target the United
  States as the Great Satan, chant Death to
  America, and provide ready recruits for
  terrorist networks such as Al Qaeda.

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Islamic Fundamentalism Types and History

• Three Types of Modern Islamic Theory
• The Madhhabists Adherents to specific schools of
  law
• The Salafi Quranic literalists
• The Ghulat Extremists (or cultists)
• Types of Movements
• Islamists History
• Post Ottoman Period
• Jamal ad-din al-Afghani (1837-97) Called for a
  return to the original principles and ideals of
  Islam and for greater unity among Islamic peoples
  
• Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905) Islami apologist who
  taught that morality and law must be adapted to
  modern conditions in the interest of the common
  good.
• Rashid Rida (1865-1935) Highlighted the relative
  weakness of Muslim societies vis-à-vis Western
  colonialism
• The Deobandi Movement
• Dar al Alum University in Deoband, India
• Adhered to Hanafi School of jurisprudence
• Social conservatism

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History and Beliefs of Islamic Fundamentalism

• Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
• Advocated the creation of an Islamic state
  governed by sharia law, as interpreted by Shura
  councils.
• An integration of Islam with an ethical
  scientific view.
• The Muslim Brotherhood
• Founded by Hassan al Banna in 1928
• The Quran as Constitution
• Provided basic community services including
  schools, mosques, and workshops
• The need to eliminate all non-Muslim imperialism
  from the world
• Sayyid Qutb
• The Iranian Revolution
• Lebanon and Hezbollah

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Flaws in the Islamic fundamentalist argument

• There was no purer time
• The past they wish to return to is not the way
  they think it was
• It violates rights of modern Muslims
  non-Muslims
• It leads to extremist acts (like terrorism) that
  violate the principles of peace inherent in Islam
• Fundamentalist leaders rely on modern technology
  (the internet, cars, planes, bombs, etc)

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