ELECTRONIC SECURITY OF CRITICAL SITES RELATING TO HOMELAND DEFENSE

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ELECTRONIC SECURITY OF CRITICAL SITES RELATING TO
HOMELAND DEFENSE

• By Brian M. Jones

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Homeland Defense

• Due to events of 9/11/01, Homeland Defense was
  formed quickly to address concerns of security at
  critical sites
• Comprised of officers to safeguard facilities
  such as power plants and water treatment
  facilities
• Each facility guarded by two officers seven days
  a week from hours of 8pm-6am
• Other soft targets monitored by rover units

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Problems with HD Identify

• HD formed too quickly to adequately train
  officers to secure critical sites
• Many sites too large to secure with only two
  officers
• Because of no activity, officers became
  susceptible to fatigue, boredom often fell
  asleep
• Rover units unable to adequately secure soft
  targets, as they were only checked periodically
  during the night

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Problems with HD Identify

• Officers felt as if they were highly paid
  security guards, not professional officers
• Vacation not available forced to use sick time
• Because many officers taken from patrol, shifts
  left shorthanded
• Added to the existing problem of increased
  response time

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Homeland Defense Analyze Why do they apply?

• Job Design-officers need training to understand
  role and perform duties
• Skill Variety-high growth need officers sit in
  car all night with no activity
• Task Identity-no clearly defined role
• Task Significance-officer does not believe
  his/her function is important to the goal
• Equity-officers taken from patrol feel slighted
  feel other officers performing real police work

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Homeland Defense Analyze Why do they apply?

• Expectancy-If I try, can I perform well
  officers feel no effort involved in watching
  facility
• Instrumentality-good job does not result in
  reward officers feel stuck in HD, no vacation
• Valence-no intrinsic value in job well done
• Cohesion-officers see no link between themselves
  and patrol no interaction

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Homeland Defense Action Plan

• Install electronic security/surveillance
  equipment that would adequately observe facility
  without the use of manned personnel
• Use HD officers for other purposes
• LCRA model as an example

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Sensormatic Speedome Ultra VI

• State of the art dome with wide dynamic
  range,continuous autofocus, high speed pan/tilt
  capabilities
• Infrared mode
• Alarm capability
• Able to be operated through cable lines

• 16 channel power supply needed to operate cameras
• Cost 5000, including installation

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INTELLEX DV16000

• Intelligent Digital Recorder
• Combines multiplexing, recording, alarm/event
  detection
• Records up to 16 cameras at once
• With software, can provide DVD video clips to
  police

• Would eliminate VCR, multiplexer, and motion
  detector in traditional systems
• Cost 8000

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AD 2088 Controller

• Variable speed functions
• Twist-to-zoom joystick for pan/tilt/zoom control
  of cameras
• Alarm feature that sounds when cameras detect
  breech in security
• Cost 1500

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AD 9421 Monitor

• High performance, 21 inch, color monitor
• Able to view 8 to 16 cameras at one time
• Cost 600

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Equipment Need For Facility Security

• Example of large site such as Holly Street Power
  Plant or Ulrich water treatment facility
• 32 Sensormatic Speedome Ultra VI cameras
• 2 multi channel power supplies

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Equipment Needed For Dispatch/Monitoring Station

• 2 Intellex DV 16000 recording platforms
• 2 AD 9421 color monitors
• 1 AD 2088 controller
• Station can be installed at alternate location

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Total Cost Of Equipment

• 32 cameras
• 2 multi channel power supplies
• 2 recording platforms
• 2 color monitors
• 1 camera controller
• Total cost of equipment 179,300

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Cost For Police Personnel

• Based on APD pay scale, 2 year officer receives
  46,750 per year
• Does not include cost of police vehicle and its
  maintenance
• Does not include overtime paid to an officer
  working at facility when normally assigned
  officer is on vacation or sick
• Figure is variable, due to fact that senior
  officers receive higher salary
• Total cost for 4 officers securing facility 7
  days a week for one year 187,000

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Action Plan

• Because vast majority of HD officers no longer
  required, most could be sent back to patrol
• This would help alleviate problem of increased
  response time
• Officers left on HD Unit could be available to
  answer calls to facility
• Officers could receive training to be first
  responders
• Could involve training with hazardous materials
  teams, containment of area, rapid response

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Action Plan

• Vertical loading of new responsibilities would
  address equity and expectancy issues
• Due to adequate training, and a clear objective,
  increased instrumentality would be achieved
• Increased expectancy achieved with confidence
  that sites are adequately secured without valued
  manpower
• Job redesign while not tending to needs of
  facility, could be allowed to serve as backup for
  patrol on traffic stops and non-priority calls

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Action Plan

• Combining of tasks would increase skill variety,
  task significance, and autonomy
• Would also assist in decreasing response time
• Strategy would facilitate cohesion between HD
  officers and patrol
• Civil Defense personnel could be used to monitor
  surveillance system and call police to scene of
  facility if needed

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Homeland Defense Assess

• Supervisors of HD Unit can be surveyed as to
  morale of officers
• Rate of vacation and sick time can be analyzed to
  see if officers are appearing for work on regular
  basis
• Response time can be assessed to see if a
  reduction has been achieved
• Personnel monitoring surveillance equipment can
  be conferred with to determine if equipment is
  working adequately and viewing facility properly