Research Activities in Japan and other Asian Countries

1
Research Activities in Japan and other Asian
Countries
Takashi Imamura (NIES)
1. Ground-based observation - AGAGE
monitoring stations China, Korea, and Japan
- NDACC stations Japan
an example Ozone profiles over Japan have been
observed with millimeter-wave radiometers since
September 1995 at Tsukuba and March 1999 at
Rikubetsu
2. Observation plans from the space - Space
measurements of ozone by China - JEM/SMILES
2
Annual Variation of O3 in the middle atmosphere
Semiannual variation were clearly observed at 60
and 76 km. The phase at 60 km seems to be the
inverse of that at 76 km. The amplitude at 60 km
is smaller than that at 76 km.
The variation at 50 km is clearly annual with the
peak near winter solstices.
(Nagahama et al 2003)
3
JEM/SMILES
A Superconductive Submillimeter-Wave
Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) is being designed
for installation in the Japanese Experiment
Module (JEM) on the International Space Station
(ISS).
To be launched in 2009 by HTV/H-IIB
4

• Mission Objectives of JEM/SMILES
• Space demonstration of superconductive mixer and
  4-K mechanical cooler for the submillimeter
  limb-emission sounding,
• Global observations of atmospheric minor
  constituents in the stratosphere, contributing to
  the atmospheric sciences.
• JEM/SMILES will make measurements on ozone and
  other minor species relevant to ozone loss
  (normal O3, HCl, HOCl, HNO3, H2O2, and CH3CN).
• SMILES will also measure a few radical species
  crucial to the ozone chemistry (ClO, BrO, and
  HO2).
• The SMILES will also try to observe isotopic
  composition of ozone.

5
(courtesy of SMILES team)
6
3. Japanese Research Project on Stratospheric
Ozone supported by MOE
Studies on the Variability of Stratospheric
Processes and Uncertainties in the Future
Projection of Stratospheric Ozone (FY 2007
2009)
Investigations conducted in this project are

1. detection of the variation of water vapor in the
   upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the
   tropics
2. determination of the mean age of stratospheric
   air
3. evaluation on reproducibility of chemical and
   meteorological fields in the stratosphere
   calculated by CCSR/NIES CCM
4. understanding of the impact of solar activity
   change on ozone distribution using CCSR/NIES CCM
   and climate models

7
Water vapor measurements in TTL
Ice Saturation
Temp
Tropopause
Variation of water vapor in LS
Ozone
Water vapor
Ice saturation
Water vapor
Water vapor is controlled at the cold point
already dehydrated air
(courtesy of M. Fujiwara)
8
Determination of the mean age of stratospheric
air
CO2
.
Mean age 5.1 0.4 years
SF6
Whole air is sampled in the stratosphere using a
cryogenic sampler on board scientific balloon
over Japan.
mean age 5.4 0.6 years
9
Time variation of CO2 concentration in the
atmosphere
Tropical upper troposphere
Stratosphere (20-30km) over Japan
(Sugawara et al. unpublished data)
10
Effects of increase of GHGs on ozone recovery
(as an example of numerical experiments with
CCSR/NIES CCM)
Projection of Ozone hole area
Expected recovery of EESC and Cly
?fixed GHGs and SST ?future scenario for ODSs,
GHG, and SST
EESC
CCly
(courtesy of H. Akiyoshi)
11
Thank you
12
(No Transcript)
13
Future change of ozone in the low latitude region
Ozone above 20hPa
Total column ozone
Normal run
Ozone below 20hPa
ODSs future scenario GHGs and SST fixed
14
Time variation of water vapor at 19-21 km in the
tropics
15
Gravitational separation of O2 and N2 isotopes in
the stratosphere
16
(No Transcript)