Bio 102

1

• Bio 102
• Laboratory 14
• Urinalysis

2
Objectives for Todays Lab

• After ingesting solutions with differing
  electrolyte composition, perform a urinalysis to
  determine
• Volume
• Color
• Transparency
• Specific gravity
• pH
• Na content
• Correctly evaluate the effect of the ingested
  solutions on urine parameters

3
Urinalysis

• Urine is the product of kidney functions
• Urine composition can reflect the health of both
  the kidneys and urinary system, as well as other
  organs
• Physical characteristics (color, clarity, spec.
  gravity)
• Presence of certain organic and inorganic
  compounds
• Use Clinistix, urine test strips
• Simple chemical tests

4
Reading a Hydrometer

• Use large cylinders with hydrometers that fit
  completely inside
• Be sure to empty out any remaining water before
  using
• Record temperature of urine in your paper cup
• Fill about 2/3 of the way up, put in hydrometer,
  then slowly add urine until hydrometer floats (be
  sure its not touching sides of cylinder)

The markings on the hydrometer in the lab are a
bit different, but the principle is the same.
5
What you should do in lab today

• Urinalysis
• Decide who in your group (of 4) will ingest
  which of the 4 solutions listed in your handout
• Prepare your solution BUT DONT DRINK IT YET!
• Urinate and EMPTY YOUR BLADDER this will be your
  control sample
• Note The volume of urine is IMPORTANT to this
  experiment, so you MUST VOID your bladder
  COMPLETELY with EACH urination. Collect all of
  your urine so you can measure the volume.
• Drink your assigned solution as rapidly as you
  can
• Test your 0 time sample (control), and then
  urinate at 30, 60, and 90 minutes and analyze
  each sample as you did for the control
• Answer the questions on the lab handout when
  youre done

6
What you should do in lab today

• Be sure to handle only your own urine, and wear
• Gloves
• Goggles
• Lab coat (if you wish)
• When you are done, BE SURE TO CLEAN UP
• Wash glassware with warm soapy water
• Placed washed glassware on paper towels beside
  sink
• Wash your lab table top

7
Review of Subjects for Lab Exam 2

• Lab Exam 1 will consist of 25 stations and 52
  fill-in-the-blank questions. (plus bonus
  questions)  You will be expected to be able to
  recognize all structures listed in your
  Laboratory Guide and know the items listed on
  this study guide.
• Remember that SPLLEING COUTNS!!  You will lose 1
  point for every 2 spelling errors you make.
• For help in studying the following items and
  getting practice, be sure to look at the
  following items in the Laboratory Section of the
  gserianne.com Web site
• 1. The online PowerPoint Quizzes and 'Links to
  Explore' (if available)
• 2. Mastering AP Web site (PAL, PhysioEx)

8
Review of Subjects for Lab Exam 2

• Respiratory System (Labs 9 and 10) 14 questions
• Be able to calculate minute volume given tidal
  volume and breathing rate
• Define respiratory volumes and capacities in
  words and relate the numeric formulas to their
  definitions.
• Solve for vital capacity, inspiratory capacity,
  functional residual capacity, using known (given)
  volumes and/or capacities.
• Define tidal volume and recall the normal,
  average tidal volume in adults (if it's not given
  to you).
• Name and correctly spell the equipment used to
  assess lung volumes and capacities.
• Predict the effect of blood CO2 levels and
  various experimental conditions on breathing.
• Recognize the anatomical structures listed in
  your study guide on the human models/photographs
  and in the dissected cat (larynx, trachea, L/R
  bronchi, R/L lung, and diaphragm - and the
  thyroid gland)
• Identify microscopically, in photomicrographs a)
  the type of epithelium lining the respiratory
  tract b) mucus glands/goblet cells and c)
  respiratory cilia

9
Review of Subjects for Lab Exam 2

• Digestive System Digestive Enzymes (Labs 11 and
  12) 18 questions
• Identify, given a model or a photograph of a
  model or a dissected cat, ALL the structures
  listed in your Laboratory Guide. Correctly list
  the substrates, products, and optimal conditions
  for the digestive enzymes we investigated in Lab
  12 (salivary amylase, pepsin, and pancreatic
  lipase).
• Urinary and Reproductive Systems (Lab 13)
  Urinary 12, Repro 6 questions
• Be able to recognize all structures, including
  all parts of the kidney and nephron and the
  adrenal glands torso, plaque models, individual
  models, photos listed on your Laboratory Guide
  for the human and cat (starred items).
• Be able to recognize the major reproductive
  structures for the male listed in your laboratory
  guide in both the human and the cat (starred
  items)
• Be able to recognize the major reproductive
  structures for the female listed in your
  laboratory guide in both the human and the cat
  (starred items)

10
Review of Subjects for Lab Exam 2

• Urinalysis (Lab 14) 2 questions
• Review your urinalysis lab/results and be sure to
  understand what you did in lab, i.e., why do we
  see the results we see after ingesting particular
  solutions?
• Name the instrument used to measure specific
  gravity

Remember to do the online quizzes available on
our main Web site! You will not need to bring
a calculator. Will be provided for you.