WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY?

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WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY?

• Ms. Shari

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Profession of Psychology

• Trained to observe, analyze, evaluate behavioral
  patterns, develop theories, apply and influence
  behavior and thinking.
• Diagnose and treat humans with physical and
  mental disorders.
• 1. Psychiatrists - Medical doctors/prescribe
  medication and counseling.
• 2. Psychologists - Diagnose and treat emotional
  disturbances (counselors)
• Clinical, Industrial/Organizational, Experimental
  and Community Psychology.

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PSYCHOLOGY

• STUDY OF THE MIND (mental processing) AND
  BEHAVIOR (how you interact with others or in
  situations)
• CONDUCT RESEARCH (scientists)
• PROMOTE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH (personal
  trainers, sports psychologist)
• LEARNING (assist with learning disorders)
• COMMUNITY WORK (rehab., social worker)
• CONTRIBUTE TO WORK ENVIRONMENT (police
  negotiator, counselor)

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Types of Psychology

• Biological - Psychobiology/physiological basis of
  human and animal behavior (Inherited traits).
• Cognitive - Psychoanalytic rational behavior -
  Reasoning
• Developmental - Inherited Traits
• Learning/Memory-classical and operant
  conditioning
• Perception - Unconscious Thoughts
• Personality - Biological and External projection
• Behaviorism - observable behaviors and actions
• Social Psychology - Political and Cross-Cultural
  Point of View
• Humanism - Human behavior is self directed
• Structionalism, functionalism

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Approaches to Psychologyhttp//www.ccis.edu/cours
es/psyc101a/Major20Perspectives20in20Psychology
.htm

• Neurobiological - illness-nervous system
  genetic, metabolic, biological factors. autism,
  bipolar disorders, obsessive-compulsive
  disorders, schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome.
• Psychodynamic - Freud's psychosexual development,
  defense mechanisms, free association,
  interpretation, transference, defense and dreams.
  weekly 50-minute sessions symptom relief and
  personality change.
• Behavioral - unconditioned and conditional
  stimulus
• Cognitive - mental processes of perception,
  memory, judgment, reasoning,emotional and
  volitional processes. Boredom is lack of stimuli.
• Evolutionary - experimental and theoretical work,
  historical, conceptual, interdisciplinary
  writings biological, human sciences.
• Humanistic Sociocultural - subjective, conscious
  experiences, solving human problems human
  potential, positive growth, social status and
  culture.

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RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY

• Questions, Theories, Methods and Answers that
  change based on variables.
• Qualitative - case study analysis Observable
• Quantitative/Measurable - Scientific Method
• Designing Research - Hypothesis, Sample,
  Independent and Dependent Variables,
  Correlations, Experimental Group, Control Group,
  Case, Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies.
• Gathering Data
• Processing Data - Results
• Hypothesis confirmed, denied or re-formulated.
• Ethical Issues

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Culture and Behavior

• Human Development (physical, social and
  environmental)
• Beliefs (Religion or Science?)
• Personality - Type Disorder
• Education and Learning
• Aristotle's Laws, Ivan Pavlov, Classical and
  Operant Conditioning, Thorndikes Trial and Error
• B F Skinners schedules of reinforcement.
  Biological, cognitive and social approaches.

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Intelligence

• Brocas Area
• IQ
• Thought - language
• Mental Imagery
• Reasoning (Acquired)
• Human qualification of what is smart
• Artificial Intelligence

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Memory

• Sensory
• Short and long term
• Recall - Cueing, tip of the tongue
• Amnesia, Brain injury
• Alzheimer's, Dementia,Old Age
• Milgram Experiment 1961

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Emotion

• Amygdala - Center of the Brain
• Motivation
• Fear (fight or fright)
• Violence (psychotic)
• Comatose, shock, numb (Walking sleep)

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Consciousness Types
Consciousness human perceiving and knowing,
leaving a memory to access. Combinations of
attention, intention, perceptual data, and
energy. Ego Everyday experience of
subjectivity, associated with self-image,
filtering the information of the outer world and
mind. Normal consciousness A state in which
the ego is able to direct the activities of the
person. Abnormal consciousness Ego is unable
to direct the actions of the person because the
contents of consciousness are influenced by
negatives which the ego is unable to stop. Ex.
addictions, obsessive-compulsive behaviors,
personality disorders. Unconsciousness A state
in which humans perceives and knows, but without
creating memories which can be accessed by the
Ego. Ex. coma, intoxicating states, deep sleep.
Altered states of consciousness limited
ego-control, not necessarily abnormal or
pathological. Memory access is limited. Ex.
certain drug experiences, meditation states,
dreams, hypnosis.,daydreams, out-of-body
experiences, near-death experiences.
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Consciousness

• Levels/state - 1. sleep (coma, dreams) 2.waking
  sleep (apathy. Zoned, blah) 3.self-awareness
  (fear, hate, anger, boredom, contentment) 4.
  objective awareness (vital interest, bliss,
  artistic)
• Circadian Rhythm - 1 cycle in 24 hours
  Biological clock Pineal Gland regulates
  internal clock
• Rhythms - Ultradian Rhythm is the human sleep
  cycle. More than once in 24 hours repeated 4-5
  times per night. Synchronized action of body to
  stay awake or fall asleep.
• Homostasis - organ or cell stability that
  maintains balance and health of the human body.

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Hypnosis/Reading minds/ESP/ParapsychologyMeditati
on

• Hypnosis - trance, extreme Suggestibility,
  relaxation and heightened imagination. Not sleep,
  but more like daydreaming, or the feeling of
  "losing yourself. Ex. Reading, driving, watching
  a movie, mowing lawn, listening to a lecture.
• Reading minds - empathic accuracy Psychological
  and physical
• ESP - Extra Sensory Perception (getting
  information from everything, but the 5 senses)
  Telepathy, Sixth sense, clairvoyants, psychics
  and mediums. Precognition, and plain intuition.
• Signs of psychic ability.1. telephone rings and
  you know who it is.2. You know what someone is
  about to say before they say the words.3. You get
  a hunch or knowing about something and it turns
  out to be correct.4. sudden urge to go somewhere
  or do something, turns out to be the right thing
  that you should have done. 5. sudden urge to go
  somewhere or do something, and you ignore it or
  don't do it, and it turns out that you should
  have. 6. You can understand someone's true inner
  feelings even though on the outside they are
  hiding them.7. You have a feeling that there is a
  presence or that someone or something behind the
  scene is helping you.8. When something happens in
  your life, either good or not so good, and you
  suddenly understand a higher purpose behind it.9.
  You sometimes hear a soft inner voice tipping you
  off about things happening in your life or in the
  life of someone else.

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Parapsychology

• Study of forces/energy of the mind interacting
  with the external.
• Seances
• Ghosts
• Spiritualilty
• Good and Evil (Religion)
• Paranormal/poltergiest/hauntings
• http//www.newagedirectory.com
• Paranormal TV episodes - Youtube
• Ghost Hunters - Wed. SYFI
• Ghost Adventures - Travel Channel