Warm-up Activity

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Warm-up Activity

• Put your address in the top right hand corner of
  your paper. Be as specific as you can

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Now lets get more specific

• Include all the parts of your address (as is you
  were telling a person from another world).

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Ecology

• Principles of Ecology
• Communities and Biomes
• Population Biology
• Biological Diversity Conversation

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Ecology

• Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology
• What is Ecology?
• Abiotic and Biotic Factors

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Objectives

• TLW be introduced to the field of Ecology.
• TLW Identify key biotic and abiotic factors in
  the environment.

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Vocabulary Focus

• Ecology
• Biosphere
• Ecosystem
• Abiotic factors
• Biotic Factors

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What is Ecology?

• THE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AN ORGANISM
  AND ITS ENVIRONMENT

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Where are all living things found?
On Earth, living things are found in the air, on
land, and in both fresh water and salt water.
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Biosphere

• The part of Earth that supports life
• Lithosphere -Top portion of Earth's crust
• Hydrosphere - All the waters that cover Earth's
  surface.
• Atmosphere Portion that surrounds Earth
• The biosphere, like the human body, is made up of
  systems that interact and are dependent on each
  other.

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Ecosystem

• The biospheres systems are called ECOSYSTEMS.
• All the organisms living in an area and the
  nonliving features of their environment
• Biotic living
• Abiotic nonliving

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Biotic factors all living organisms that inhabit
an environment.Like.plants
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And animals
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Abiotic factors are non-living parts of the
environment. This includeswater
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Lightis abiotic
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Temperatureis abiotic
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Airor windis abiotic
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Soil.which is made up ofclaywhich is important
because it helps hold water in soil.
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Soil is made up of rockslittle pieces that are
broken down by weatheringand
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sandsilt and
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Summary

• Biotic Factors
• All living things
• Abiotic Factors
• non-living things in the environment such as
  Water, Light, Air Wind, Soil, Temperature.
• Ecosystem
• the location of specific abiotic and biotic
  factors.
• Ecology
• The study of the relationship between abiotic and
  biotic factors.

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Todays Assignment

• Abiotic and Biotic Factors Venn Diagram activity.
• Draw a Venn Diagram in your I-Notebook (left-hand
  side)
• Label one circle Abiotic and one circle Biotic
• At your table, categorize the following words as
  either abiotic or biotic (be sure to write the
  words in the appropriate circle of your Venn
  diagram.)

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• Whale Clock Grapes
• Paper Glass Plastic
• Aluminum Air Gold
• Sand Clouds Wool
• Corpse Snail Plant
• Steak Pork Chops Fish
• Salad Water Bread
• Hair Pipe
• Finger Nails Wooden Ruler
• Cotton Fabric

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Characteristics of Living things

• At the bottom of your Venn Diagram list the 6
  characteristics that all living things have in
  common...brainstorm with your table.see if you
  can come up with all 6 that we discussed last
  semester.

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Characteristics of living things

• Adapt and Evolve
• Organization
• Grow and Develop
• Reproduce
• Adjust to environment
• Respiration

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Homework due tomorrow

• Make a list of abiotic and biotic factors in your
  home. As many as you can see..Left- hand
  activity

Abiotic Biotic




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Ticket out the door

• Period 1
• In your own words summarize what makes an object
  abiotic or biotic.

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Ticket out the door

• Periods 3, 4, and 5
• Explain the relationship between abiotic and
  biotic factors in an ecosystem, and speculate
  what would happen if one disappeared.

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Warm-up Activity

• Think about your favorite outdoor spot. In your
  I-notebook (left hand side) list all the things
  that you would find there. After you have made
  your list, categorize each item as abiotic or
  biotic.

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Biological Organization
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Objectives

• TLW be able to describe how a population differs
  from a species.
• TLW differentiate among the levels of
  organization in an ecosystem.
• TLW analyze and explain the connections of
  organisms in an ecosystem.

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Vocabulary

• Organism
• Population
• Community
• Habitat
• Niche
• Review word Species

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How are each of these pictures related?
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Organism/Species

• Organism an individual living thing.
• Species a classification group for organisms
  that are closely related and can mate to produce
  fertile offspring

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Population

• All the organisms in an ecosystem that belong to
  the same species (biotic)

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Population-many of one kind of species.
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Community

• All the populations in an ecosystem (biotic)

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Community-many different populations together in
an ecosystem.
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Habitat

• The place in which an organism lives
• provides the kinds of food and shelter, the
  temperature, and the amount of moisture the
  organism needs to survive

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The snakes habitat is under a rock!
A birds habitat is usually a nest.
Whats a spiders habitat?
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Niche

• A plant's or animal's ecological niche is a way
  of life that is unique to that species.
• How an organism meets its specific needs for food
  and shelter, how and where it survives, and where
  it reproduces.

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Niche

• Niche and habitat are not the same. While many
  species may share a habitat, this is not true of
  a niche.
• Each plant and animal species is a member of a
  community, and the niche describes the species'
  role or function within this community.

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Show me what you know

• For the following words what would be the level
  of organization
• Example Students species/organism
• Multiple students-
• Students, principal, teacher
• School
• Earth -

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Show me what you know

• For the following words what would be the level
  of organization
• Example Students species/organism
• Multiple students- population
• Students, principal, teacher community
• School ecosystem
• Earth - biosphere

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Todays In-Class Assignment

• Ecology card sort (10 minutes)
• Work in groups of 2
• Collect 1 envelope per group
• Using the cards match a picture with the word and
  definition of word.
• Create an ecosystem (10 minutes)
• Using the following organisms honeybee,
  sunflowers, earthworms, red-winged blackbirds,
  and moles, draw a possible ecosystem.
• Label at least three interactions

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Warm-up Activity
Identify the abiotic and biotic factors in the
following picture.
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This week at a glance

• Monday
• community interactions summarize section 2.1
  notes complete graphic organizer 2.1 study
  guide.
• Tuesday
• Energy in an ecosystem complete graphic
  organizer, Active reading strategies section 2.2.
• Wednesday
• Food chains and food webs writing assignment
  2.1 study guide due 2.2 active reading strategy
  due study for quiz.
• Thursday
• Substitute 2.1 quiz, worksheet packet due friday
• Friday
• Owl Pellet lab activity

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Community Interactions

• Symbiotic relationships

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Objectives

• TLW Identify interactions that occur within
  communities.

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Vocabulary Focus

• Symbiosis
• Mutalism
• Commensalism
• Parasitism

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Symbiosis

• Symbiosis means living together (a close and
  permanent association between organisms).
• Three kinds of symbiosis are recognized
• Mutualism
• Commensalism
• Parasitism

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Commensalism

• One species benefits and the other species is
  neither harmed nor benefited.

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Mutualism

• Both species benefit from the relationship.

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Parasitism

• A member of one species derives benefit at the
  expense of another species.

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2.00 Summary

• Summarize all notes from section 2.1
• (Thursday, Friday, and Today)
• Be prepared to share!!!

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Todays assignment

• Complete Symbiosis graphic organizer (put on the
  left-hand side of your I-notebook).
• HW 2.1 Study guide due Wed.

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Warm-up Activity

• Take the first five minutes of class and update
  the table of contents in your I-notebook and
  finish any homework from yesterday.

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Reminders

• Due today
• 2.1 study guide
• Active Reading Strategy 2.2
• Quiz tomorrow section 2.1

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Ecology
Energy Flow
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Objectives

• TLW Identify the sources of energy for all life
  processes.
• TLW examine how energy flows through an
  ecosystem.

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Vocabulary Focus

• Autotroph
• Producer
• Heterotroph
• Consumer
• Decomposer
• Food Chain
• Food web

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Energy Flow/Feeding Relationships

• All ecosystems contain producers, consumers and
  decomposers.
• Producers (Autotrophs)
• Organisms that make their own food
• ex. Plants, some bacteria, some protista

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• Consumers (Heterotrophs)
• Organisms that eat producers or other consumers.
• Herbivore eats plants (ex. Cow, elephant)
• Carnivore eats herbivores, omnivores and/or
  carnivores (ex. Killer whale, hyena)
• Omnivore eats producers, herbivores, and/or
  carnivores (ex. Bear, chimpanzees, humans)

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"I MUST BE A HETEROTROPH, I CAN'T SYNTHESIZE
THESE !!"
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"What shall I eat today...meat or veggies....."
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• Decomposers
• Are consumers that breakdown and consume dead
  organisms and wastes.
• Recycle nutrients back into biosphere
  (ex. Bacteria, mushrooms)

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Ecology
Food Chains and Food Webs
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Food chain
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• A Food Chain is a feeding relationship from
  consumer to producer
• Each organism in a food chain represents a
  feeding step, or Trophic level.
• The trophic level also indicates the amount of
  energy being passed onto the next step.

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• Example
• The algae and plants are the producers.
• The aquatic crustaceans are primary consumers
  they eat the producers.
• Fish are secondary consumers they eat the
  primary consumers.
• The raccoons represent a 3rd level of consumer.

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Food Web
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Food Webs

• A food web is a series of interrelated food
  chains which provides a more accurate picture of
  the feeding relationships in an ecosystem, as
  more than one thing will usually eat a particular
  species.    

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Warm-up Activity

• Complete Handout. (5 minutes)

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Ecology
Ecological Pyramids
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Objectives

• TLW Evaluate the efficiency of energy transfer
  among organisms in an ecosystem.

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Vocabulary

• Trophic level (review)
• Ecological Pyramids
• Biomass

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Review of Energy Flow in Food Chains Food Webs

• Most food chains have no more than four or five
  links.There cannot be too many links in a
  single food chain because the animals at the end
  of the chain would not get enough food (and hence
  energy) to stay alive.

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Review of Energy Flow in Food Chains Food Webs

• Most animals are part
• of more than one food
• Chain and eat more
• than one kind of food in order to meet their food
  and energy requirements.
• These interconnected food
• Chains form a food web.

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Ecological Pyramids

• An ecological pyramid is a diagram that shows the
  relative amounts of energy or matter contained
  within each trophic level in a food chain or food
  web.

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Ecological Pyramids

• Ecologists recognize three different types of
  ecological pyramids
• Energy pyramids
• Biomass pyramids
• Pyramids of numbers

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Energy Pyramid

• Only about 10 of the energy available within one
  trophic level is transferred to organisms at the
  next trophic level.

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Biomass Pyramid

• The total amount of living tissue within a given
  trophic level is called biomass.
• A biomass pyramid represents the total amount of
  potential food available for each trophic level
  in an ecosystem.

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Pyramid of Numbers

• Based on the numbers of individual organisms at
  each trophic level.

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Show me what you know

• In the diagram below, the coyote would be
  considered a _____.
• A. herbivore
• B. third-order consumer
• C. second-order consumer
• D. decomposer

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Show me what you know

• In the diagram below, the coyote would be
  considered a _____.
• A. herbivore
• B. third-order consumer
• C. second-order consumer
• D. decomposer

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Show me what you know

• Referring to the diagram below, energy flows from
  _____.
• A. coyotes to grasses C. mice to cats
• B. cats to mice D. coyotes to cats

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Show me what you know

• Referring to the diagram below, energy flows from
  _____.
• A. coyotes to grasses C. mice to cats
• B. cats to mice D. coyotes to cats

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Show me what you know

• Referring to the diagram below, as matter and
  energy move from grasses to coyotes, the amount
  of available energy _____.
• A. increases C. decreases then increases
• B. decreases D. increases then decreases

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Show me what you know

• Referring to the diagram below, as matter and
  energy move from grasses to coyotes, the amount
  of available energy _____.
• A. increases C. decreases then increases
• B. decreases D. increases then decreases

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Show me what you know

• Referring to the diagram below, suppose 10,000
  units of energy are available at the level of the
  grasses. What is the total number of energy
  units lost by the time energy reaches the coyote?
• A. 90 units C. 990 units
• B. 9900 units D. 9990 units

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Show me what you know

• Referring to the diagram below, suppose 10,000
  units of energy are available at the level of the
  grasses. What is the total number of energy
  units lost by the time energy reaches the coyote?
• A. 90 units C. 990 units
• B. 9900 units D. 9990 units