Marine Invertebrates

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Marine Invertebrates (Part 2)
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Molluscs

• Phylum Mollusca
• Numerous, diverse (200,000 species)
• Soft body covered by mantle (secretes calcium
  carbonate shell)
• Muscular foot locomotion
• Some have radula scraping teeth

http//www.jaxshells.org/rad2.jpg
http//www.pirx.com/gallery/albums/mollusks/radula
.jpg
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Molluscs

• Classes
• Bivalvia (clams, mussels, oysters)
• Gastropoda (snails, slugs, pteropods)
• Cephalopoda (octopi, squid, cuttlefish)
• Polyplacophora (chitons)
• Scaphopoda (tusk shells)

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Bivalves
Anatomy
http//www.nationalpark-hamburgisches-wattenmeer.d
e/1ueber/images/galerie/1-5-3Mya20arenaria20-20
Sandklaffmuschel-4x6-300dpi.jpg
http//www.manandmollusc.net/lesson_plan_anatomy_f
iles/bivalve_anatomy_lab.html
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Bivalves
Byssal threads
http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thum
b/b/bc/Mytilus_with_byssus.jpg/400px-Mytilus_with_
byssus.jpg
http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thum
b/3/31/Fine_sea_silk_threads.JPG/800px-Fine_sea_si
lk_threads.JPG
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Long Island Bivalves
Bay scallop (Argopecten irradians)
Oyster (Crassostrea virginica)
Hard shell clam / Quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria)
Soft shell clam (Mya arenaria)
Ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa)
Razor clam (Ensis directus)
Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)
Stony Brook Univ.-Flax Pond Digital Library
http//www.sportesport.it/images/Biology/Shells/Bi
valvia/Mytilidae/mytilusEdulis.jpg
http//media-2.web.britannica.com//eb-media/63/128
63-004-C2459C57.jpg
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Bivalves
http//www.lisrc.uconn.edu/lis_uwtour/images/Grass
/LIS_0301.jpg
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Gastropods
Anatomy
http//earthguide.ucsd.edu/hughes2001/acct/bmounma
nivong/T629043A.gif
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Long Island Gastropods
Periwinkle (Littorina littorea)
Knobbed whelk (Busycon carica)
Mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta)
Slipper shell (Crepidula fornicata)
http//academics.smcvt.edu/dfacey/AquaticBiology/C
oastal20Images/Slipper20Limpet.jpg
http//www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/bight/images/aknobb
ed.jpg
http//www.georgetown.edu/faculty/szep/Littorina
http//www.duke.edu/jspippen/mollusca/knobbedwhel
keggs081106-2063obxz.jpg
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Long Island Gastropods
Atlantic oyster drill (Urosalpinx cinerea)
Northern moon snail (Lunatia heros)
http//www.jaxshells.org/509j.jpg
http//img263.imageshack.us/img263/6879/drillholex
i4.jpg
http//static.flickr.com/55/143533735_7c7364be45.j
pg?v0
http//4.bp.blogspot.com/_LzKM5z0wSb4/Rv9qstHEkNI/
AAAAAAAAAbg/vVpitbx7suI/s400/IMG_1837.JPG
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Gastropods
http//eebweb.arizona.edu/collections/Fishes/Inver
tebrate20Slide20Photos/Invertebrate20Photos/Aba
lone201.jpg
http//chemistry.csudh.edu/faculty/jim/cozaugo4-60
0/flamingo.jpg
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Gastropods Nudibranchs, Pteropods
NOAA
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Gastropods and Bivalves
Larval development
http//score.dnr.sc.gov/ktmlpro10/images/uploads/o
ysterlifecycle.jpg?0.40941442132799155
http//people.bu.edu/veliger/
http//oceanlink.island.net/abaloneproject/growtha
nddevelopment/growth20and20development.htm
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Cephalopods
Octopus, squid, cuttlefish, nautilus
NOAA
http//www.narimadiving.com/LargeAssets/ReefInfoLa
rgeAssets/Cuttlefish.jpg
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Cephalopods
Anatomy
http//cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/Image32.g
if
http//scienceblogs.com/deepseanews/beak1.jpg
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Cephalopods

• Body evolved for active predation
• Use funnel for jet propulsion

http//www.squidblog.net/uploads/squid_jet_diagram
.gif
http//www.mbari.org/news/homepage/2004/loligo_clo
se_350.jpg
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Cephalopods

• Complex nervous system
• Eyes
• Chromatophores

http//farm3.static.flickr.com/2164/2063362784_62c
b783803.jpg?v1196017772
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Cephalopods

• Cuttlefish camouflage
• Sees contrast (dark/light), but not colors
• Patterns controlled by chromatophore cells

http//www.mbl.edu/inside/what/news/features/featu
re_cuttlefish.html
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Cephalopods

• Reproduction
• Internal fertilization
• Yolk-filled eggs, no larval stage

http//news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/05
/sci_nat_enl_1134642780/img/1.jpg
http//www.mbari.org/news/homepage/2006/brooding-s
quid2-350.jpg
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Cephalopods

• Marine mammals squid

http//squid.us/wp-content/uploads/archie.jpg
http//www.wanghome.net/Pictures/2004/040603_New_Y
ork_City/15_museum_of_natural_history_squid_sperm_
whale_1024.JPG
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Cephalopods

• Live giant and colossal squid

Giant (up to 13m/43 ft)
Colossal (up to 14m/46 ft)?
http//museumvictoria.com.au/treasures/Images/reso
urces/mn013596_lg.jpg
http//www.fish.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/836B96BF-12FE
-417D-AB49-4B46B2DB8729/0/ColossalSquid.jpg
http//news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/12/im
ages/061222-giant-squid.jpg
http//tepapa.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/arm-006.
jpg
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Cephalopods

• Other deep water

http//www.mbari.org/data/info/grimpo.jpg
http//www.darkroastedblend.com/2009/02/awesome-oc
topi-cephalopods-from-outer.html
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Cephalopods

• Other unusual

http//www.darkroastedblend.com/2009/02/awesome-oc
topi-cephalopods-from-outer.html
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Chitons, Scaphopods
http//clade.acnatsci.org/mussel/graphics/about/sc
aphopod.jpg
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Arthropods

• Phylum Arthropoda
• Numerous, diverse
• (1 million species)
• Mostly insects (land, freshwater)
• In oceans mostly crustaceans

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Arthropods

• Segmented body
• Jointed apendages
• Hard external skeleton (chitin)
• Must molt skeleton to grow
• Gills, most marine have blood with hemocyanin
  (blue)

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Arthropods

• Subphylum Crustacea
• Copepods, amphipods, isopods
• Ostracods, barnacles
• Krill, shrimp, lobsters, crabs
• Subphylum Chelicerata
• Horseshoe crabs, spiders
• Subphylum Uniramia
• Insects, Centipedes

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Crustaceans
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Small Crustaceans - Copepods
http//www.hudsonregional.org/mosquito/images/cope
pod.jpg
http//www.whoi.edu/cms/images/oceanus/2006/7/8_27
627.jpg
http//forum.mikroscopia.com/uploads/post-3-115815
1927.jpg
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Small Crustaceans - Amphipods
http//www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/gallery/livingoc
ean/livingocean.html
http//www.newsday.com/media/photo/2004-01/1115165
0.jpg
http//nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Amphipoda/A
AA013a.jpg
http//www.beachwatchers.wsu.edu/ezidweb/animals/i
mages/traskorchestia2jh.jpg
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Small Crustaceans Ostracods, Isopods
http//www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/gallery/livingoc
ean/livingocean.html
http//nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Ostracoda/D
SCF0052b.jpg
http//www.abc.net.au/science/news/img/environment
/bigisopod.jpg
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Small Crustaceans - Krill
http//images.aad.gov.au/img.py/174a.jpg?width640
height480
http//www.mar-eco.no/learning-zone/__data/page/93
/Krill3.jpg
http//jonbowermaster.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/
2009/01/kaikoura-krill-520783-sw.jpg
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Crustaceans Barnacles
http//nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Cirripedia/
DSC_0761b.jpg
http//www.mbari.org/expeditions/EasterMicroplate/
images/Barnacles_640.jpg
http//nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/crustacea/Cirripedia/
DSCF0015a.jpg
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Decapods Shrimp
http//www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm
http//www.ucs.louisiana.edu/rtb6933/shrimp/rima_
con.JPG
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Decapods Lobsters
Northern lobster (Homarus americanus)
http//www.teridanielsbooks.com/States/Hawaii/Hawa
ii,20underwater,20coral,20reef,20slipper,20lo
bster,.jpg
http//www.vifishandwildlife.com/Education/FactShe
et/Images/Lobster.jpg
http//marlin.bio.umass.edu/biology/kunkel/fish/al
batross-iv/al0203/P0005812a.JPG
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Decapods Lobsters
Newsday 08/08/10
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Decapods Crabs
Fiddler crab (Uca sp.)
Mole crab (Emerita talpoida)
Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)
http//www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm
http//www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/ed/images/Giantspide
rcrab.jpg
http//www.californiabiota.com/cabiota/pacific_mol
e_crab.htm
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Other Crustaceans
Mantis shrimp (Stomatopod)
Brine shrimp Artemia (sea monkeys)
http//www.wfu.edu/biology/faculty/brownera/artemi
a.jpg
http//www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/
malacostraca/eumalacostraca/royslist/images/g_falc
atus4.jpg
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Crustaceans

• Egg brooding

http//www.dfw.state.or.us/mrp/shellfish/commercia
l/largeimages/dungeness-with-eggs_ODFW.jpg
http//www.divephotoguide.com/img/user_galleries/o
rig/2999_1222523836.jpg
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Crustaceans

• Most benthic adults have planktonic larvae

http//www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm
http//www.science-in-salamanca.tas.csiro.au/theme
s/larval/phyllosoma-early.htm
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Chelicerates
Horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus)
http//www.jaxshells.org/1124rra.htm
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Chelicerates

• Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL)
• Compound causes blood to clot when exposed to
  bacterial endotoxins
• Used to test that drugs and surgical devices are
  free of contamination
• Quart of blue blood worth 15,000, multimillion
  industry

http//www-tc.pbs.org/wnet/wp-content/blogs.dir/3/
files/2008/06/590_crash_blood.jpg
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Chelicerates
Sea spiders (Pycnogonids)
http//www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/gallery.htm
http//www.seaslugforum.net/images/030248a.jpg
http//www.earthlife.net/chelicerata/images/others
/pantopoda.jpg