WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) dan LIBERALISASI PERDAGANGAN - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) dan LIBERALISASI PERDAGANGAN

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Title: WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) ORGANISASI PERDAGANGAN SEDUNIA Author: Binus Last modified by: Binus Created Date: 12/11/2004 6:17:38 AM Document presentation ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) dan LIBERALISASI PERDAGANGAN


1
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION(WTO)dan LIBERALISASI
PERDAGANGAN
  • Oleh
  • KOESWIDIJONO

2
DAFTAR ISI
  • HISTORY
  • PEMASARAN GLOBAL

3
ETHOS OF WTO
  • FREE GLOBAL TRADE IS A GOOD THING
  • BENEFITS FROM FREE GLOBAL TRADE ARISES FROM THE
    ECONOMIC CONCEPT OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE

4
ETHOS OF WTO
  • COUNTRIES PROSPER FIRST BY TAKING ADVANTAGE OF
    THEIR ASSETS IN ORDER TO CONCENTRATE ON WHAT
    THEY CAN PRODUCE BEST
  • AND THEN BY TRADING THESE PRODUCTS FOR PRODUCTS
    OTHER COUNTRIES PRODUCE BEST

5
HISTORY
  • A WORLD IN CRISIS
  • 1914-1918 WORLD WAR I
  • 1939-1945 WORLD WAR II
  • 1945 A TIME OF RECONSTRUCTION UNITED NATIONS
    (UN)
  • TWO PILLARS 1. IMF
  • 2. WORLD BANK
  • THE THIRD PILLAR FOR TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT ????

6
BUILDING A ROOFFOR TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
  • INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)
  • WITHIN UNITED NATION
  • UN CONFERENCES ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
  • LONDON OCT- NOV 1946
  • NEW YORK JAN-FEB 1947
  • GENEVA APRIL AUG 1947
  • HAVANA NO.1947 MARCH 1948

7
8 ROUNDS (PUTARAN)FOR GATT
  • GATT GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE AND TARIFFS
  • 1947 GENEVA
  • 1947 ANNECY
  • 1950-1 TOQUAY
  • 1956 GENEVA

8
8 ROUNDS (PUTARAN)FOR GATT
  • 1960-2 DILLION
  • 1964-7 KENNEDY
  • 1973-9 TOKYO
  • 1986-93 URUGUAY

9
THE URUGUAY ROUND
  • 1993
  • END OF NEGOTIATIONS
  • TECHNICAL VERIFICATION
  • DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE WTO
  • STRUCTURES

10
MARRAKESH CONFERENCE
  • 1994
  • SIGNATURE OF THE MARRAKESH AGREEMENT
    ESTABLISHING THE WTO
  • 123 PARTICIPANTS
  • 23,000 PAGES

11
BASIC PRINCIPLES
  • THE FOUR MUST
  • 1. To adhere the most-favoured-nation
  • (MFN) principles
  • 2. To refrain from maintaining or
  • introducing quantitative restrictions
  • 3. To adhere to bound rates contained in
  • the schedules of concessions
  • 4. To adhere to the principle of national
  • treatment
  • Tugas
    terjemahkan!!!

12
Objectives of WTO
  • 1. Raising standards of living
  • 2. Ensuring full employment
  • 3. Growth (income and demand)
  • 4. Growth in output and trade
  • (GOODS and SERVICES) optimal
  • use of the worlds resources
  • (sustainable development)
  • 5. seeking both to protect and preserve the
  • environment

13
GOODS SERVICES INTELLEC TUAL PROPERTY DISPUTES
BASIC PRINCIPLE GATT GATS TRIPS (Trade related aspects of IP Rights) DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
ADDITIONAL DETAILS SPECIFIC GOODS AGREEMENTS AND ANNEXES 1A SERVICES ANNEXES 1B TRIPS ANNEXES 1C
MARKET ACCESS COMMITMENT COUNTRIES SCHEDULES OF COMMITMENTS COUNTRIES SCHEDULES OF COMMITMENTS
14
MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES
TIME PLACE
1996 SINGAPORE
1998 GENEVA
1999 SEATTLE
2001 DOHA
2003 CANCUN
2004 GENEVA
15
PEMASARAN GLOBAL
  • ERA GLOBALISASI DAN LIBERALISASI PERDAGANGAN
  • BERBAGAI PERUBAHAN TELAH, SEDANG DAN AKAN TERJADI
    (COMING SOON)
  • KEMAJUAN BERBAGAI BIDANG IPTEK, TELEKOMUNIKASI,
    TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI JARUNGAN TRANSPORTASI

16
DUSUN GLOBAL
  • DUNIA SUDAH TERASA IBARAT SEBUAH DUSUN GLOBAL
  • (GLOBAL VILLAGES)
  • BATAS-BATAS GEOGRAFIS MAUPUN
  • NEGARA SUDAH TIDAK LAGI
  • SIGNIFIKAN

17
TANTANGAN
  • KONSUMEN SEMAKIN TERDIDIK
  • PERILAKU KONSUMEN SELALU BERGESER
  • BANYAK MENUNTUT
  • MEMILIKI POSISI TAWAR MENAWAR
  • BARGAINING POSITION
  • KEBUTUHAN SEMAKIN KOMPLEKS
  • KEINGINAN SEMAKIN KOMPLEKS

18
CUSTOMER NEEDS
  • PRODUK TELEVISI
  • 1.Mutu tinggi (High Qualtiy) TV layar datar,
    stereo, bio-vision, bisa menampilkan berbagai
    channels sekaligus, bisa di-zoom, bisa diprogram
    supaya otomatis mati sendiri saat TV selesai,
    bisas diprogram untuk pindah-pindah channel
    secara otomatis pada jam-jam tertentu dan
    sebagainya.

19
CUSTOMER NEEDS
  • 2. Harga yang wajar (fair price) harga
    kompetitif, syarat pembayaran lunak (ketersediaan
    fasilitas kredit bunga ringan), alternatif cara
    pembayaran mudah,menjadi salah satu faktor
    pertimbangan konsumen dalam memilih merek TV
    tertentu

20
CUSTOMER NEEDS
  • 3. Fast delivery (penyerahan produk cepat), quick
    response ketersediaan barang ditoko,
    keluhan-pertanyaan-saran pelanggan harus
    ditanggapi sesegera mungkin. Ini akan sangat
    berpengaruh pada kepuasan pelanggan dan
    selanjutnya pembelian ulang

21
CUSTOMER NEEDS
  • 4. High flexibility (Produk memiliki tingkat
    fleksibilitas tinggi) artinya bisa digunakan
    bersama-sama berbagai produk elektronik lainnya,
    seperti video games, VCR, laser disc, VCD, DVD,
    parabola dan lain-lain

22
CUSTOMER NEEDS
  • 5. Special services (Layanan khusus) misalnya
    pengantaran produk, instalasi, garansi, suku
    cadang gratis, bisa tukar tambah dengan TV model
    baru, dan seterusnya.
  • 6. User friendly (akrab dengan pemakai)
  • produk canggih, tetap komunikatif, mudah
    dioperasikan,istilah dan bahasa sederhana dan
    gampang dimengerti.

23
SOLUSI
  • PENERAPAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN MUTU ISO 90012000
  • PADA ORGANISASI
  • LEMBAGA PEMERINTAH
  • INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR
  • INDUSTRI JASA
  • USAHA WIRAUSAHA
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