Title: A Pilot
1A Pilots Perspective of Weather
A Pilots Perspective of Weather
Daniel Stewart
2Outline
- Personal History
- Weather at the Briefing
- Weather for Pre-Takeoff Climb
- Weather Enroute
- Weather for the Descent Approach
- Extreme Weather
- Q A
3Personal History
- Name Daniel Stewart
- Company EVA AIR
- Job Description First Officer MD11 Fleet
- Licences Taiwan CAA ATPL
- USA FAA ATP
- Australian CASA ATPL
- Academic Qualification B.Com(HONS)
4Flying History General Aviation
- PPL1990 1991
- A/C Types PA38
- C172
- CPL 1992 1996
- ATPL 1996 2000
- A/C Types AC50
- B58
- C310
- PA31
5General Aviation - Aeroplanes
6Flying History - Regional
- Hazelton Airlines
- 2000 2001
- FO SAAB 340
- Sydney International Airport
- QantasLink
- 2001 2004
- FO Dash 8-100/200/300
- Sydney International Airport
7Flying History - Airlines
- EVA AIR
- 2004
- FO MD11 Fleet
8Weather at the Briefing
- Significant Weather Chart
- SIGMET
- Wind/Temperature Chart
- Grid-point Wind/Temp Chart
- Route Wind/Temp Profile
- MSL Analysis Chart
- TAF/METAR
9Significant Weather Chart
10SIGMET
- RJJJ SIGMET 4 VALID 281250/281450 RJTD-RJJJ
FUKUOKA FIR SEV TURB OBS AT 1235Z 50NM W OF VACKY
FL330/350 BYB743 MOV ENE 15KT INTST UNKNOWN - RJJJ SIGMET 3 VALID 281120/281320 RJTD-RJJJ
FUKUOKA FIR SEV TURB OBS AT 1046Z 20NM W OF SAKIT
FL330 BY B744MOV ENE 15KT INTST UNKNOWN - RJJJ SIGMET 2 VALID 280720/281120 RJTD-RJJJ
FUKUOKA FIR FRQ TS FCST IN AREA BOUNDED BY
N21E135 N21E138N25E135 N25E132 N24E132 AND
N21E135 MOV NE 15KT NC - RJJJ SIGMET 1 VALID 280700/281300 RJTD-RJJJ
FUKUOKA FIR VA ERUPTION MT SUWANOSEJIMA LOC N2938
E12942 VA CLDOBS AT 0645Z FL050 EXTENDED E INTST
UNKNOWN - RJJJ SIGMET 1 VALID 280400/280800 RJTD-RJJJ
FUKUOKA FIR FRQ TS FCST IN AREA BOUNDED BY
N21E134 N21E138 N24E137 N23E133 AND N21E134 MOV
ENE 20KT INTSF
11Wind / Temperature Chart
12Grid-Point Wind/Temperature Chart
13Route Wind/Temperature Profile
- Valid from 2158 UTC OCT 28, 2006 to 0900 UTC OCT
29, 2006 - ROUTE WIND CROSS-SECTION (DERIVED FROM GRIB
UPPER WINDS DATA) - -------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
- TRK DIST ALT DIR
SPD COMP XTRK OAT ISA - RCTP - KADLO 230 195 445 245 045
-042 -011 -67 -11
-
385 251 044 -040 -015 -52 03
-
340 266 042 -032 -024 -40 11
-
300 279 039 -025 -029 -31 13
-
265 279 025 -015 -018 -14 16
- 185 283 018 -010
-013 -03 17
- 100 085 004 004
002 10 15
- 050 057 019 019
003 16 10 - KADLO ELATO 238 069 445 242 035 -034
-002 -67 -10
-
385 246 033 -032 -004 -52 03
-
340 271 030 -024 -015 -40 11
-
300 284 032 -021 -022 -30 13
-
265 294 018 -009 -014 -14 17
- --------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
- TRK DIST ALT DIR
SPD COMP XTRK OAT ISA - ELATO MAGOG 269 093 445 247 034
-031 013 -67 -10
-
385 248 031 -028 011 -52 03
-
340 274 028 -027 -002 -40 11
-
300 284 030 -028 -007 -30 13
-
265 296 018 -015 -007 -14 17
-
185 307 010 -007 -005 -03 18
-
100 046 011 008 -007 10 15
-
050 043 023 016 -015 17 12 - MAGOG VHHH 271 090 445 254 036
-034 011 -67 -10
-
385 252 032 -030 011 -53 03
-
340 277 031 -030 -002 -40 11
-
300 281 031 -030 -004 -30 13
14MSL Analysis Chart
15TAF / METAR
- TAIPEI (RCTP)
- TAF RCTP 282000Z 282106 05010KT 8000 FEW016
BKN060 BECMG 0002 06023KT - METAR RCTP 282130Z 06017KT 9999 FEW013 24/21
Q1015 NOSIG - HONG KONG (VHHH)
- TAF VHHH 282000Z 282106 05005KT 6000 FEW035
SCT080 TEMPO 2206 4000 HAZE - METAR VHHH 282130Z 05010KT 6000 FEW035 SCT120
25/19 Q1014 NOSIG - MACAU (VMMC)
- TAF VMMC 282000Z 282106 01010KT 7000 FEW020 TEMPO
2106 4000 HAZE - METAR VMMC 282200Z 36009KT 5000 HAZE FEW020 24/20
Q1014 NOSIG
16TAF / METAR
- KAOHSIUNG (RCKH)
- TAF RCKH 282000Z 282106 08003KT 4000 MIST FEW010
SCT080 BECMG 0204 24010KT 9999 - METAR RCKH 282130Z 06003KT 4500 MIST FEW010
SCT080 24/20 Q1012 NOSIG - SUVARNABHUMI (VTBS)
- TAF VTBS 282000Z 282106 04005KT 8000 FEW025
SCT300 BECMG 0103 06010KT 9999 FEW020 BKN300
- METAR VTBS 282130Z 03005KT 8000 FEW030 26/23
Q1010
17Weather for Take-Off Climb
- Upon arrival at airport/during pre-flight
inspection Observe the weather. - Wind direction and speed,
- Cloud amount, base, type.
- Precipitation amount, type, location.
- Temperature humidity.
- RWY/TWY condition (wet/ice/snow)
- Other phenomena (dust devils/virga/etc).
18Weather For Take-Off Climb
- ATIS
- Taipei information ALPHA. Valid 0025UTC.
- Runway 05/06 in use.
- Wind 050/15 knots.
- Visibility 10kms.
- Cloud FEW010, SCT025, OVC050
- Temperature 27 dew point 25.
- QNH 1015.
- TWY SP not available due works in progress.
- On first contact with ground or approach notify
receipt of ALPHA.
19Differences between personal observation ATIS
- Smell the weather.
- Observe what is happening.
- Anticipate probable changes
- Wind shifts.
- Commencement/cessation of precipitation.
- Temperature.
- RWY condition.
- ATIS is only an observation of what has happened,
NOT a forecast. Therefore it can change prior to
take-off.
20Things to consider for take-off
- RWY Condition Dry, Damp, Wet, Icy, Snow for
aircraft performance. - Wind Crosswind downwind limitations. Headwind
or downwind component for aircraft performance. - Visibility Low visibility procedures. Departure
alternate requirements.
21Things to consider for take-off
- Cloud TCU/CB. Icing conditions.
- Temperature Icing conditions. Aircraft
performance. - Precipitation Rain, hail, snow, fog. Reduced
visibility, damage to aircraft, icing conditions. - Other phenomena Windshear, dust devils,
tornadoes. Aircraft performance.
22Use of Weather Radar
- Conduct preflight test.
- Turn on prior to lineup.
- Adjust tilt to remove ground returns.
- Observe weather on take-off/climb path.
- Great for - Rain, wet hail, etc.
- NOT for Windshear, CAT, dry hail, etc.
- Dont forget to look out the window.
23Weather Enroute SIGWX Chart
- Accuracy of position, levels severity of
- CAT,
- Thunderstorms,
- Typhoons,
- Volcanic Ash,
- Cold/Warm Fronts,
- Jetstreams, and
- Level of Tropopause.
24Weather Enroute Wind/Temperature
- Accuracy of wind/temperature forecasts.
- Temperature affects TAS/MACH
- Wind affects ground speed drift angle.
25Weather Enroute Obtaining Updates Inflight
- VOLMET (Volume Meteorological) HF/VHF
- AERIS (Automatic En Route Information Service) -
VHF - ACARS (Aircraft Communication and Reporting
System) VHF/Satellite
26Weather for Descent Approach
- Very similar considerations as take-off climb
- Obtain ATIS,
- Use of radar, and
- Own observation from cockpit.
- However, there is a heavier reliance on points a)
b) particularly at night and/or when in
Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC).
27Extreme Weather - Tropical
- Typhoon/Cyclone/Hurricane Warnings
- Timely,
- Accurate in forecasting movements,
- Level of severity (Category 1 5), and
- Easy to understand.
28Typhoon Damery SE Hong Kong, September 2005
29Typhoon Damery Weather Radar Imagine
30Tropical Thunderstorms
- Very high vertical development
- Very heavy rain
- Reduced visibility
- Lots of thunder and lightning
- Low cloud base
- Not as serve turbulence as other mid high
latitude thunderstorms. But still treat with
plenty of respect!!
31Cumulonimbus (CB) over India
32Desert Regions
- Extreme heat, particularly on the tarmac
- Loss of aircraft performance,
- Ambient temperature may exceed limits for
APU/engine start, - Dust storms dust devils,
- High base thunderstorms,
- Windshear,
- Reduction in personal comfort and performance.
33Mid-Latitude Weather
- Cold fronts,
- Warm fronts,
- Fog,
- Powerful serve thunderstorms with hail, and
- Tornadoes (particularly in Southern USA),
34Artic Region Weather
- Icing conditions
- Slippery RWY/TWYs, dangerous difficult to
control/stop aircraft. - Snow/slush covered RWY/TWYs, reduced take-off
performance and possible freezing of flight
controls. - De/Anti-Icing procedures
35Artic Region Weather
- d) De/Anti-Icing inflight
- i) Jet Aircraft Better systems,
- - Less exposure to icing conditions.
- ii) Prop Aircraft Limited systems,
- - Longer exposure to icing
conditions. May not be able
to climb/descend out of icing conditions.
36Thank-You