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A Pilot

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Title: A Pilot s Perspective of Weather Created Date: 10/29/2006 12:08:50 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show Other titles: Arial Default Design A Pilot ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: A Pilot


1
A Pilots Perspective of Weather
A Pilots Perspective of Weather
  • Daniel Stewart

Daniel Stewart
2
Outline
  • Personal History
  • Weather at the Briefing
  • Weather for Pre-Takeoff Climb
  • Weather Enroute
  • Weather for the Descent Approach
  • Extreme Weather
  • Q A

3
Personal History
  • Name Daniel Stewart
  • Company EVA AIR
  • Job Description First Officer MD11 Fleet
  • Licences Taiwan CAA ATPL
  • USA FAA ATP
  • Australian CASA ATPL
  • Academic Qualification B.Com(HONS)

4
Flying History General Aviation
  • PPL1990 1991
  • A/C Types PA38
  • C172
  • CPL 1992 1996
  • ATPL 1996 2000
  • A/C Types AC50
  • B58
  • C310
  • PA31

5
General Aviation - Aeroplanes
6
Flying History - Regional
  • Hazelton Airlines
  • 2000 2001
  • FO SAAB 340
  • Sydney International Airport
  • QantasLink
  • 2001 2004
  • FO Dash 8-100/200/300
  • Sydney International Airport

7
Flying History - Airlines
  • EVA AIR
  • 2004
  • FO MD11 Fleet

8
Weather at the Briefing
  • Significant Weather Chart
  • SIGMET
  • Wind/Temperature Chart
  • Grid-point Wind/Temp Chart
  • Route Wind/Temp Profile
  • MSL Analysis Chart
  • TAF/METAR

9
Significant Weather Chart
10
SIGMET
  • RJJJ SIGMET 4 VALID 281250/281450 RJTD-RJJJ
    FUKUOKA FIR SEV TURB OBS AT 1235Z 50NM W OF VACKY
    FL330/350 BYB743 MOV ENE 15KT INTST UNKNOWN
  • RJJJ SIGMET 3 VALID 281120/281320 RJTD-RJJJ
    FUKUOKA FIR SEV TURB OBS AT 1046Z 20NM W OF SAKIT
    FL330 BY B744MOV ENE 15KT INTST UNKNOWN
  • RJJJ SIGMET 2 VALID 280720/281120 RJTD-RJJJ
    FUKUOKA FIR FRQ TS FCST IN AREA BOUNDED BY
    N21E135 N21E138N25E135 N25E132 N24E132 AND
    N21E135 MOV NE 15KT NC
  • RJJJ SIGMET 1 VALID 280700/281300 RJTD-RJJJ
    FUKUOKA FIR VA ERUPTION MT SUWANOSEJIMA LOC N2938
    E12942 VA CLDOBS AT 0645Z FL050 EXTENDED E INTST
    UNKNOWN
  • RJJJ SIGMET 1 VALID 280400/280800 RJTD-RJJJ
    FUKUOKA FIR FRQ TS FCST IN AREA BOUNDED BY
    N21E134 N21E138 N24E137 N23E133 AND N21E134 MOV
    ENE 20KT INTSF

11
Wind / Temperature Chart
12
Grid-Point Wind/Temperature Chart
13
Route Wind/Temperature Profile
  • Valid from 2158 UTC OCT 28, 2006 to 0900 UTC OCT
    29, 2006
  • ROUTE WIND CROSS-SECTION (DERIVED FROM GRIB
    UPPER WINDS DATA)
  • -------------------------------------------------
    ----------------------------------------
  • TRK DIST ALT DIR
    SPD COMP XTRK OAT ISA
  • RCTP - KADLO 230 195 445 245 045
    -042 -011 -67 -11


  • 385 251 044 -040 -015 -52 03

  • 340 266 042 -032 -024 -40 11

  • 300 279 039 -025 -029 -31 13

  • 265 279 025 -015 -018 -14 16
  • 185 283 018 -010
    -013 -03 17
  • 100 085 004 004
    002 10 15
  • 050 057 019 019
    003 16 10
  • KADLO ELATO 238 069 445 242 035 -034
    -002 -67 -10

  • 385 246 033 -032 -004 -52 03

  • 340 271 030 -024 -015 -40 11

  • 300 284 032 -021 -022 -30 13

  • 265 294 018 -009 -014 -14 17
  • --------------------------------------------------
    ---------------------------------------
  • TRK DIST ALT DIR
    SPD COMP XTRK OAT ISA
  • ELATO MAGOG 269 093 445 247 034
    -031 013 -67 -10

  • 385 248 031 -028 011 -52 03

  • 340 274 028 -027 -002 -40 11

  • 300 284 030 -028 -007 -30 13

  • 265 296 018 -015 -007 -14 17

  • 185 307 010 -007 -005 -03 18

  • 100 046 011 008 -007 10 15

  • 050 043 023 016 -015 17 12
  • MAGOG VHHH 271 090 445 254 036
    -034 011 -67 -10

  • 385 252 032 -030 011 -53 03

  • 340 277 031 -030 -002 -40 11

  • 300 281 031 -030 -004 -30 13

14
MSL Analysis Chart
15
TAF / METAR
  • TAIPEI (RCTP)
  • TAF RCTP 282000Z 282106 05010KT 8000 FEW016
    BKN060 BECMG 0002 06023KT
  • METAR RCTP 282130Z 06017KT 9999 FEW013 24/21
    Q1015 NOSIG
  • HONG KONG (VHHH)
  • TAF VHHH 282000Z 282106 05005KT 6000 FEW035
    SCT080 TEMPO 2206 4000 HAZE
  • METAR VHHH 282130Z 05010KT 6000 FEW035 SCT120
    25/19 Q1014 NOSIG
  • MACAU (VMMC)
  • TAF VMMC 282000Z 282106 01010KT 7000 FEW020 TEMPO
    2106 4000 HAZE
  • METAR VMMC 282200Z 36009KT 5000 HAZE FEW020 24/20
    Q1014 NOSIG

16
TAF / METAR
  • KAOHSIUNG (RCKH)
  • TAF RCKH 282000Z 282106 08003KT 4000 MIST FEW010
    SCT080 BECMG 0204 24010KT 9999
  • METAR RCKH 282130Z 06003KT 4500 MIST FEW010
    SCT080 24/20 Q1012 NOSIG
  • SUVARNABHUMI (VTBS)
  • TAF VTBS 282000Z 282106 04005KT 8000 FEW025
    SCT300 BECMG 0103 06010KT 9999 FEW020 BKN300
  • METAR VTBS 282130Z 03005KT 8000 FEW030 26/23
    Q1010

17
Weather for Take-Off Climb
  • Upon arrival at airport/during pre-flight
    inspection Observe the weather.
  • Wind direction and speed,
  • Cloud amount, base, type.
  • Precipitation amount, type, location.
  • Temperature humidity.
  • RWY/TWY condition (wet/ice/snow)
  • Other phenomena (dust devils/virga/etc).

18
Weather For Take-Off Climb
  • ATIS
  • Taipei information ALPHA. Valid 0025UTC.
  • Runway 05/06 in use.
  • Wind 050/15 knots.
  • Visibility 10kms.
  • Cloud FEW010, SCT025, OVC050
  • Temperature 27 dew point 25.
  • QNH 1015.
  • TWY SP not available due works in progress.
  • On first contact with ground or approach notify
    receipt of ALPHA.

19
Differences between personal observation ATIS
  • Smell the weather.
  • Observe what is happening.
  • Anticipate probable changes
  • Wind shifts.
  • Commencement/cessation of precipitation.
  • Temperature.
  • RWY condition.
  • ATIS is only an observation of what has happened,
    NOT a forecast. Therefore it can change prior to
    take-off.

20
Things to consider for take-off
  • RWY Condition Dry, Damp, Wet, Icy, Snow for
    aircraft performance.
  • Wind Crosswind downwind limitations. Headwind
    or downwind component for aircraft performance.
  • Visibility Low visibility procedures. Departure
    alternate requirements.

21
Things to consider for take-off
  • Cloud TCU/CB. Icing conditions.
  • Temperature Icing conditions. Aircraft
    performance.
  • Precipitation Rain, hail, snow, fog. Reduced
    visibility, damage to aircraft, icing conditions.
  • Other phenomena Windshear, dust devils,
    tornadoes. Aircraft performance.

22
Use of Weather Radar
  • Conduct preflight test.
  • Turn on prior to lineup.
  • Adjust tilt to remove ground returns.
  • Observe weather on take-off/climb path.
  • Great for - Rain, wet hail, etc.
  • NOT for Windshear, CAT, dry hail, etc.
  • Dont forget to look out the window.

23
Weather Enroute SIGWX Chart
  • Accuracy of position, levels severity of
  • CAT,
  • Thunderstorms,
  • Typhoons,
  • Volcanic Ash,
  • Cold/Warm Fronts,
  • Jetstreams, and
  • Level of Tropopause.

24
Weather Enroute Wind/Temperature
  • Accuracy of wind/temperature forecasts.
  • Temperature affects TAS/MACH
  • Wind affects ground speed drift angle.

25
Weather Enroute Obtaining Updates Inflight
  • VOLMET (Volume Meteorological) HF/VHF
  • AERIS (Automatic En Route Information Service) -
    VHF
  • ACARS (Aircraft Communication and Reporting
    System) VHF/Satellite

26
Weather for Descent Approach
  • Very similar considerations as take-off climb
  • Obtain ATIS,
  • Use of radar, and
  • Own observation from cockpit.
  • However, there is a heavier reliance on points a)
    b) particularly at night and/or when in
    Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC).

27
Extreme Weather - Tropical
  • Typhoon/Cyclone/Hurricane Warnings
  • Timely,
  • Accurate in forecasting movements,
  • Level of severity (Category 1 5), and
  • Easy to understand.

28
Typhoon Damery SE Hong Kong, September 2005
29
Typhoon Damery Weather Radar Imagine
30
Tropical Thunderstorms
  • Very high vertical development
  • Very heavy rain
  • Reduced visibility
  • Lots of thunder and lightning
  • Low cloud base
  • Not as serve turbulence as other mid high
    latitude thunderstorms. But still treat with
    plenty of respect!!

31
Cumulonimbus (CB) over India
32
Desert Regions
  • Extreme heat, particularly on the tarmac
  • Loss of aircraft performance,
  • Ambient temperature may exceed limits for
    APU/engine start,
  • Dust storms dust devils,
  • High base thunderstorms,
  • Windshear,
  • Reduction in personal comfort and performance.

33
Mid-Latitude Weather
  • Cold fronts,
  • Warm fronts,
  • Fog,
  • Powerful serve thunderstorms with hail, and
  • Tornadoes (particularly in Southern USA),

34
Artic Region Weather
  • Icing conditions
  • Slippery RWY/TWYs, dangerous difficult to
    control/stop aircraft.
  • Snow/slush covered RWY/TWYs, reduced take-off
    performance and possible freezing of flight
    controls.
  • De/Anti-Icing procedures

35
Artic Region Weather
  • d) De/Anti-Icing inflight
  • i) Jet Aircraft Better systems,
  • - Less exposure to icing conditions.
  • ii) Prop Aircraft Limited systems,
  • - Longer exposure to icing
    conditions. May not be able
    to climb/descend out of icing conditions.

36
Thank-You
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