The Concept of the Basic Liquid

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• The Concept of the Basic Liquid

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• Topics

• The key point to the filter
• Filter Cartridge
• Filter type
• Depth fiber, Membrane, Hollow Fiber
• Filter Device
• Membrane, Support
• Membrane Characteristic
• Retention
• Wet-ability --- De-wet
• Filter Housing
• SS, PFA, PVDF,PP
• How to choice an optimal filter

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The key to filter in Chemica

• The Filter pore size / Retention
• How much ? 0.1um, 0.2um
• Lower filtration rate, Higher retention
• The Chemical Compatibility / Pre-wetting
• PTFE
• UPE
• PP
• Nylon
• Cleanness
• Low Hold Volume

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• Typical Depth Filter Structure

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• Manufacturing Process
• Stretched Polymeric Membranes e.g. PTFE

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• Manufacturing Process
• Cast Polymer Membranes e.g. PVDF

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• Manufacturing Process
• Membranes Track Etched e.g. Polycarbonate

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• Membrane Characteristics

• "Pore size" (maximum pore size "retention
  rating )
• The largest sized pores in a filter
• "Porosity"
• A measurement of the openness of a filter
• i.e. 80 porosity equates to 80 open volume, 20
  material
• "Pore size distribution"
• The range and frequency of pore sizes which make
  up a the filter

That is why HA
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• Typical Filtration Devices
• Pleated Cartridges

• Filter "pack" contains membrane, plus upstream
  downstream fibrous supports.
• Supports can be a source of particles .
• Pulse pressure is a potential shedding source
• It is not easy to prewet and flush.

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• Typical Filtration Devices
• Stacked Disk Cartridges

• Downstream components are rigid and cleaner than
  other membrane supports.
• Excellent in pulse pressure shedding.
• Horizontal disks prevent efficient gas venting

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• Typical Filtration Devices
• Hollow Fiber Cartridges

• Filter area can be greater than pleated
  structure
• Benefits of self-supporting, high surface area,
  high flow.
• Used mostly in water filtration and
  photochemical.
• Low pressure drop

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Filtration Retention Mechanisms

• Capture by
• Sieving / Interception ---
• Hard Particle--- Bridge/ Cake effect
• Soft Gel/Micro-bubble

Hard Particles Soft Particles
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• Retention Mechanisms

Capture by Adhesion / Adsorption

• Very small particles in liquids have a negative
  charge and can be captured by attraction to a
  positive charge in a filter

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• Hydrophobic Vs Hydrophilic

• Hydrophilic
• Wetting smoothly with, water.".
• No pre-wetting
• Hydrophobic
• Fear of water
• Tending not to combine with water.
• Requires pre-wetting.

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• Hydrophobic Vs Hydrophilic

• Contact Angle is the measure of Wettability

Low contact angle Hydrophobic High contact
angle Hydrophilic
i.e.
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What is Dewetting and how can it impact a
process?
SC1 SC2 H2O2 NH4F Piranha
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QuickChange Filters are Non-Dewetting
SC1 SC2 H2O2
NH4F Piranha
Non-Dewetting Technology
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Prewetting

• Flow in one direction (prevents air entrapment)
• Flow from upstream side into core
• 6040 IPA water solution
• Flush with DI water

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• Filter Housing

• POU typically single 10" filter housing
• Materials of construction
• PFA, PVDF, PP, SS

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• Filter Cartridge Housing

T-Line Design
In-line Design
Inlet
Outlet
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• Filter Cartridge Housing

T-Line Design
In-line Design
Inlet
Outlet
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• T-Line Mounting Considerations

• Bowl Down (top of the head points toward
  ceiling)
• Easier to drain upstream side of filter
• Air does not get trapped in core
• Liquid remains in core after drain
• 20" can be difficult to mount filters

Inlet
Outlet
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• T-Line Mounting Considerations

• Bowl Up (top of the head points towards the
  floor)
• Complete draining of filter core
• Easy filter installation
• Recommended configuration for 20" housings
• Liquid drains from upstream side of filter
• Must vent downstream side of housing

Vent
Drain
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Reduced Tool Space Required

• A typical tool design requires enough space to
  lower the bowl below the cartridge for filter
  changeout.
• With Chemlock, the bowl only needs to be lowered
  below the head, then the cartridge and bowl can
  be removed as a single unit.
• Tool Space Savings - Approx. 8 inches!
• 18 in space savings with 20 bowl

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• Typical Disposable Filter Assembly

outlet
Internal Filter Element
inlet
Connections Flartek, Butt Weld, etc.
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• Disposables Vs. Housings

• Housings
• Traditional design
• Flexibility - 4" - 40"
• Requires O-ring change
• Increased contamination risk
• Greater material selection
• Easier customization
• Limited Temp ( 100C )

• Disposables
• More compact footprint
• Cleaner
• no o-rings/seals
• no handling of element
• Easier for prewetting
• Improved safety
• Higher Temps ( 180C )

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• Variables Which Effect Retention

Membrane
Contaminant
Fluid
Conditions
Structure - cast - stretched -
irradiated Charge Pore size pore size
distribution. Porosity Thickness Etc.
REF.ltC01gt
Type - solvent - acid - base -
mixture Viscosity
Flow rate/face velocity Temperature Pressure
- pulse - differential
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• Summary

• Five major filtration mechanism
• 1.Cake filtration 2.Size exclusion
  3.interception 4.adhesion 5.adsorption
• Two major filter types
• Depth filterPre filter-dirty process
• Membrane filter Final filter-precision
  filtration
• Filter Wetability
• Hydrophobic membrane used for solvent
• Hydrophilic membrane Not need to prewet
  for water base chemical
• Filter Retention
• Defined by pore size and LRV
• Affected by Pore size distribution and pore
  size definition