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Provide a CD-Rom with information about a
traveller, explorer or theorist whom you consider
to be an early anthropologist (i.e. predating
British structural functionalism) History of
anthropological theory SSA 321 Candidate
number 167562 30th April 2003
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Alfred Cort Haddon
Candidate no 167562
1855-1940
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Colour-code
Any text written in purple is my own
interjection Lilac and underlined is a
hyperlink Blue is for references of books,
articles, and journals Black is either headings
or text quoted from elsewhere. In these cases a
reference shall be sited as to where it is from.
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Contents
(5) (13) (17) (18) (20) (21)
Haddons Life and Work (Biographical
details) Haddons Methodology (and the influence
of zoology) Haddons work on art and artefacts,
and the influence of Evolutionism Haddons usage
of photography and film Haddons written
work Bibliography
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Haddons life and work
This section details sources that are especially
relevant to the biography of Haddons life,
including the major research projects that he
embarked upon. The implications and perspectives
of this work shall be dealt with in the sections
on methodology, Art and Artefacts, Use of
Photography, and written work
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Sandra Rouse
  Rouse Gives an interesting summary of much of
Haddons work, and talks of his advocatory
interests, trying to promote anthropology as a
good training for British living and working in
primitive society.   Haddon was a keen
promoter of the merits of anthropological
training for missionaries and colonial officers.
Although he had failed to organise a Bureau of
Ethnology twenty years earlier, his Conway
Memorial Lecture of 1921, The Practical Value of
Ethnology, was in part an exposition on how the
colonial administrator ('the man of affairs'),
could find anthropology useful.42 The advantages
to the colonial administration of an appreciation
of local practices would be a smoother, more
efficient, less confrontational atmosphere.
Though he cautioned that anthropologists should
not determine governmental policy, it was
inevitable that anthropological data would be
used by the administration, he naively hoped, in
such a way as to lead to a more enlightened rule.
For examples Haddon drew on Richard Temple's 1914
work about his experiences in the Indian Civil
Service, Anthropology as a Practical Science.
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Haddon made various attempts to persuade the
administrators of both the colonial service and
the mission societies that anthropology should be
made a formal part of university study for their
candidates. In the Michaelmas term of 1902 he
gave a series of lectures 'designed to attract
young men who intended to become missionaries,
giving them a preliminary training in that branch
of anthropology which deals with primitive social
and religious ideas'. He justified the value of
anthropology to mission work by predicting
greater success for a missionary who had an
understanding of 'the aboriginal ideas which he
proposed to modify or supplant.'44 Some valuable
anthropological research, he claimed, came from
missionary sources but generally missionaries had
no scientific training. If the lectures could
stimulate interest in ethnology and its value,
'dealings with uncivilised races may be rendered
more intelligent and valuable material for study
may be collected among them which would otherwise
have been lost. His advocacy of the practical
value of anthropology, particularly for colonial
administrators, was initially confined to arenas
outside of the university. Scientific societies
and public lectures were more receptive
audiences.(Rouse, 1999 22-23) Rouse, Sandra,
1999, Haddon, Missionaries and men of
Affairs, in Cambridge Anthropology, Vol. 21,
No. 1, pages 9-27
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Stockings account to Haddon and the Torres
Straits Expedition
Stocking, Jr. G. W. 1995, Haddon and the Torres
Straits in After Tylor British Social
Anthropology 1888-1951, London The Athlone
Press Stocking gives an interesting description
of Haddons role in the Torres Straits
expedition. It also gives interesting details of
how he came to anthropology at Cambridge. I have
selected the most useful parts of this that can
be found at the hyperlink below, however the
whole article may also be located in the above
journal. Haddon and the Torres Straits
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Rouse, S. 1998, Expedition and institution A.
C. Haddon and anthropology at Cambridige in
Rouse, S. and Herle, A. (eds.), Cambridge and the
Torres Strait, Cambridge Cambridge University
Press, pages 50-76
This article gives an interesting interpretation
on his history as Biologist and anthropologist,
especially regarding to his fieldwork
methodology. It also has a very interesting
letter that Haddon sent to his son, showing his
ideas of what were interesting to him in the
Torres Straits. Also contains an interesting and
in-depth biography of his life and work,
including his conversion to anthropology. For
these see especially pages 61-76.
Figure 3.1 Haddon during the first expedition to
the Torres Strait. Mabuiag 1888.
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Articles from Nature Journal. These are
interesting insofar as they give accounts from
Haddon Before and after the expedition. For
before the expedition see Haddon, 1898, The
Cambridge Expedition to Torres Straits and
Borneo in Nature, Vol. 57, No. 1473, page
276 For after the expedition see Haddon, 1899,
The Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to
Torres Straits and Sarawak, in Nature, Vol. 60,
No. 1557, pages 413-416 Also Haddon, A. C.
1898, Anthropological Expedition to Torres
Straits, in Nature, Vol. 59, No. 1521, page 174
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Obituary of Haddon
Quiggin and Fegan give a comprehensive outline of
Haddons life and work. This can either be found
on the web at http//uk.jstor.org/view/00251496
/dm993606/99p2270p/0?configjstorframenoframeus
erID892c01c8_at_swan.ac.uk/028258cb3a00502afe68dpi
3 Some useful extracts that I have taken from
them are also on the Hyperlink bellow Haddon's
obituary Or the original can be found in
Man Quiggin, A. H. and Fegan, E. S. July 1940,
Alfred Cort Haddon, 1855-1940, in Man, Vol.40,
No.123, pages 97-100
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For an overview of other members of the Torres
Straits expedition, see   A. C. Haddon, April
1939, Obituary of Sidney Herbert Ray 28th May,
1858 1st January, 1939 in Man, Vol. 39, Pages
58-60 http//uk.jstor.org/view/00251496/dm993591/9
9p2001v/0?configjstorframenoframeuserID892c01
c8_at_swan.ac.uk/028258cb3a00502ad7d8dpi3   Fortes,
M. February 1941, Obituary of Charles Gabriel
Seligman, 1873-1940, in Man, Vol. 41, Pages
1-6 http//uk.jstor.org/view/00251496/dm993612/99p
2380x/0?configjstorframenoframeuserID892c01c8
_at_swan.ac.uk/028258cb3a00502ad7d8dpi3   Haddon,
Barlett and Fegman, Obituary of William Halse
Rivers Rivers, M. D., President of the Royal
Anthropological Institute, born 1864, died June
4th, 1922 in Man, Vol. 22, Pages
97-61   http//uk.jstor.org/view/00251496/dm995192
/99p13344/0?configjstorframenoframeuserID892c
01c8_at_swan.ac.uk/028258cb3a00502ad7d8dpi3  
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Haddons Methodology
Several writers have talked about Haddons
methodology, however his evolutionist analysis
and the use of his background in zoology is
apparent from his own writing. In this section
there is a selection of examples of this
occurrence in Haddons work, and other writers
interpretation of Haddons methodology.
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Urry, J. 1993, From Zoology to Ethnology A. C.
Haddons conversion to anthropology in Before
Social Anthropology Essays on the History of
British Anthropology, pages 61-82   This text
argues that Haddons background in biology not
only influenced his own approach to anthropology,
but also that of the vision of anthropology as a
whole (Urry, 1993 61)
One interesting subject explored is Haddons
description of Art into different classifications
analogous to that of a zoologists classification
of the animal world. This illustration shows
these ideas   (Urry, 1993 72)   Urry also
makes an interesting statement comparing the life
and work of Haddon in Britain to that of Boas in
the USA   Like Franz Boas in America, Haddon
brought new methods and ideas to anthropology,
and an aura of respectability which furthered the
professionalization of the subject. Unlike Boas,
however, Haddon did not create an epistemological
break with earlier anthropological thought and
establish a "new" anthropology. Haddon's vision
of anthropology belonged essentially to the
nineteenth century, and remained so until his
death. In contrast, Boas, although Haddon's
almost exact contemporary, made the transition
from the nineteenth to the twentieth century with
ease, and remained an eclectic thinker until his
death. (Urry, 1993 78)
.
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Haddon, A. C. 1895, Evolution in Art, London
Walter Scott Ltd.
Haddons Book Evolution in Art, is a prime
example of evolutionary and comparative concepts
being used in his work. Two extracts of this may
be found on the Hyperlink below. Evolution of
Art
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This book gives insight into Haddons
methodology, analyses, and conversion to
anthropology. Esspecially useful is Rouses
article Expedition and institution A. C. Haddon
and anthropology at Cambridige, (pages 50-76)
which also gives biographical information A C
Haddon and anthropology at Cambridge
Rouse, S. 1998, Expedition and institution A.
C. Haddon and anthropology at Cambridige in
Rouse, S. and Herle, A. (eds.), 1998, Cambridge
and the Torres Strait, Cambridge Cambridge
University Press
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Art,Artifacts and Evolutionism
One of the best resources for seeing Haddons
perspective on art, is his book, Art is
Evolution. Here are a few extracts that give
illustrate his interpretation extracts from
evolution of art
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Use of Photography and Film
Haddons film is recorded in the location below
http//www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/isca/haddon/allfootage.
html
The Haddon film archive is also useful for
searching for any other film in the ethnographic
period between 1845-1945.
Coupled with this, it is interesting to read his
own description of the film as the first
anthropologist to produce an ethnographic film,
he was in the unique position of not being
influenced by other filmmakers in the genre of
anthropological film. The extract can be found
below Haddon's description in Head Hunters
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There is much interesting information on the web
about Haddons film footage. One of the best
articles can be found on the addres
below http//www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/isca/haddon/art
icle.html Tomaselli, De Brigard, De Bromhead and
Barnouw also have interesting things to say about
Haddon as a filmmaker Tomaselli, De Brigard, De
Bromhead and Barnouw
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Haddons Written Work
Different theorists place Haddons work as more
or less important in relation to the corpus f
anthropological writings. Some members of the
Cambridge school (such as Hart) hold that his
work in the Torres Straits was essential for the
development of both Radcliffe-Brown and
Malinowski, whereas other theorists maintain that
he is less important for the development of and
for contemporary anthropology. Pleas refer to the
links below Expedition's place in
history Sillitoe's description of Torres
Straits Torres Straits overview
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Bibliography

• Fortes, M. February 1941, Obituary of Charles
  Gabriel Seligman, 1873-1940, in Man, Vol. 41,
  Pages 1-6
• Haddon, A. C. 1895, Evolution in Art, London
  Walter Scott Ltd.
• Haddon, 1898, The Cambridge Expedition to Torres
  Straits and Borneo in Nature, Vol. 57, No. 1473,
  page 276
• Haddon, A. C. 1898, Anthropological Expedition
  to Torres Straits, in Nature, Vol. 59, No. 1521,
  page 174
• Haddon, 1899, The Cambridge Anthropological
  Expedition to Torres Straits and Sarawak, in
  Nature, Vol. 60,
• No. 1557, pages 413-416
• Haddon, A. C. 1932, Head-Hunters, London C. A.
  Watts and Co. Limited
• Haddon, A. C. 1932, The Malu Ceremonies in Head
  Hunters, London C. A. Watts and Co.
• Haddon, Barlett and Fegman, 1922 Obituary of
  William Halse Rivers Rivers, M. D., President of
  the Royal
• Anthropological Institute, born 1864, died June
  4th, 1922 in Man, Vol. 22, Pages 97-61
• Haddon, A. C. April 1939, Obituary of Sidney
  Herbert Ray 28th May, 1858 1st January, 1939
  in Man, Vol. 39,
• Pages 58-60
• Quiggin, A. H. and Fegan, E. S. July 1940,
  Alfred Cort Haddon, 1855-1940, in Man, Vol.40,
  No.123, pages 97-100

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• Rouse, S. 1998, Expedition and institution A.
  C. Haddon and anthropology at Cambridige in
  Rouse, S. and Herle, A. (eds.),
• Cambridge and the Torres Strait, Cambridge
  Cambridge University Press, pages 50-76
• Rouse, Sandra, 1999, Haddon, Missionaries and
  men of Affairs, in Cambridge Anthropology,
  Vol. 21, No. 1, pages 9-27
• Sillitoe, P. 1977, To Mer, Maibuiag, Moresby
  The Torres Straits Expedition in Cambridge
  Anthropology,
• Vol. 3, No.2, pages 1-19
• Stocking, Jr. G. W. 1995, Haddon and the Torres
  Straits in After Tylor British Social
  Anthropology 1888-1951, London
• The Athlone Press
• Stocking, Jr. G. W. 1995, Haddon and the Torres
  Straits in After Tylor British Social
  Anthropology 1888-1951, London
• The Athlone Press
• Tomaselli, K. G. 1999, Appropriating Images The
  Semiotics of Visual Representation, Hojbjerg
  Intervention Press
• Urry, J. 1993, From Zoology to Ethnology A. C.
  Haddons conversion to anthropology in Before
  Social Anthropology
• Essays on the History of British Anthropology,
  pages 61-82

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Websites http//human-nature.com/science-as-cult
ure/hart.html http//uk.jstor.org/view/00251496/d
m993606/99p2270p/0?configjstorframenoframeuser
ID892c01c8_at_swan.ac.uk/028258cb3a00502afe68dpi3
http//uk.jstor.org/view/00251496/dm993591/99p2001
v/0?configjstorframenoframeuserID892c01c8_at_swa
n.ac.uk/028258cb3a00502ad7d8dpi3 http//uk.jstor
.org/view/00251496/dm993612/99p2380x/0?configjsto
rframenoframeuserID892c01c8_at_swan.ac.uk/028258c
b3a00502ad7d8dpi3 http//uk.jstor.org/view/00251
496/dm995192/99p13344/0?configjstorframenoframe
userID892c01c8_at_swan.ac.uk/028258cb3a00502ad7d8d
pi3 http//www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/isca/haddon/allfoo
tage.html http//www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/isca/haddon/a
rticle.html
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