The Fall of

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Chapter 8 Section 3 The Fall of the
Republic page 277
The Rise of Rome
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• Write the following
• in your notes
• Definitions for
• praetor
• dictator
• latifundia
• triumverate

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Essential Question What brought about the fall
of the Roman Republic?
4
?
Why were the plebeians unhappy?
Rich vs. Poor
p. 278
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Plebeians were unhappy that the patricians
controlled war.
Farmers were sinking into debt due to the wars
Hannibals invasion.
Rich vs. Poor
Wealthy farmers forced small farmers out of
business using POWs.
Politicians tried to distract the farmers by
providing food entertainment.
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Reformers vs. Senators
Tiberius Gaius Gracchus asked Senators to
take land from the rich give it back to the
farmers.
Senators wanted to keep their own land, so they
killed the Gracchus brothers.
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The Armys Response
?
Paid soldiers for their work gave them land.
Drove enemies out of office made
himself dictator for 3 years.
Marius
Sulla
p. 279
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First Triumvirate
CrassusSyria
PompeySpain
Julius CaesarFrance
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First Triumvirate
dies in battle
CrassusSyria
defeated by
PompeySpain
Julius CaesarFrance
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Julius Caesar quotations
p. 281
Beware the Ides of March
crossing the Rubicon
et tu Brute
?
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Caesar as dictatorfor life!
?
JUSTINIAN CALENDAR
a 12-month, 365 day calendar w/ leap year,
(birth of Christ)
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Caesar as dictatorfor life!
Murdered by
Brutus
p. 280
Cassius
other Senators
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Second Triumvirate
defeated _at_ Battle of Actium
Antony
forced to retire
Lepidus
becomes emperor
Octavian
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Roman Empire
Octavian
Caesar Augustus
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Caesar and the Fall of the Republic

• Agenda
• Bell Ringer
• The fall of the Republic
• Julius Caesar
• Caesar Augustus
• Ticket out the Door

• Bell ringer
• Define the following terms in your notes
• Latifundia (p. 278)
• Pax Romana (p. 287)
• Aqueduct (p. 291)
• Set up Cornell Notes Caesar and the Fall of the
  Republic

Put test re-takes in your periods bin
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Trouble in the Republic
Roman Tenant Housing

• By 100s BC severe gap between rich and poor.
• Patricians owned large latifundia (plantations)
  with free labor (prisoners of war), controlled
  the senate, and held most government Jobs.
• Plebeians could not compete on farms, so moved
  into dangerous, dirty slums in the city.
• 40 of the people in Rome are slaves controlled
  mostly by Patricians.

Wealthy Patrician Banquet
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Failed Reformsand Deadly Politics

• Corrupt politicians used cheap/ free bread and
  circuses/ gladiators to appease the population.
• The Gracchus brothers wanted the senate to buy
  back land from the rich, and give it back to the
  poor.
• The senate was filled with greedy, land-owning
  patricians who fought these efforts at reform.

• Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were eventually
  killed for their efforts by a group in the senate.

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The First Triumvirate (60-53 BC)

• After years of Civil unrest, 3 men came to power
• Crassus wealthiest man in Rome, elder statesman
• Pompey Leading General of Rome
• JuliusCaesar Praetor, great public speaker (very
  ambitious)

• Pompey was given control of Spain, Crassus of
  Syria, and Caesar controlled Gaul

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Caesar in Gaul

• Caesar was incredibly successful for 9 years in
  Gaul.
• He killed and enslaved millions, and conquered
  new lands for Rome
• Became rich on the wealth of the region
• His opponents in the senate called for his
  return, and for him to give up his power over his
  army.
• Instead, he crossed the Rubicon river with his
  army, and began a civil war.
• He eventually destroyed Pompeys army in Greece

The capture of Vercingetorix, the leader of Gaul.
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Death of the Dictator

• In 44 BC, Caesar declared himself dictator for
  life (first time in Romes history)
• Filled the senate with allies (friends)
• Many positive reforms for the poor new colonies
  for land, building projects for jobs, new
  calendar, etc.
• His popularity led to extreme jealousy among his
  rivals

• Led by Brutus and
• Cassius, Caesar was
• stabbed to death
• on March 15th, 44 BC.
• The Ides of March

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Rome becomes an Empire

• After Caesars death, a second Triumvirate was
  formed.
• These men defeated Caesars killers, and took
  over in 43 BC.
• Octavian (Caesars heir and nephew) Controlled
  Western Rome
• Mark Antony (Caesars faithful General)
  Controlled Eastern Rome
• Lepidus (leading popular politician) Eventually
  forced out of politics.
• Octavian and Antony began to fight over Rome, and
  eventually Antony was defeated at Actium, off the
  coast of Greece in 31 BC.

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Caesar Augustus

• Octavian controlled all of Rome at age 32
• Chose not to make himself dictator
• Gave limited power to the senate, and named
  himself Imperator (means commander in chief)
• Took the name Augustus (majestic one)
• Began the Pax Romana 200 years of peace and
  prosperity in Rome.

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Reforms of Augustus

• Formed standing army of 150,000 men
• Conquered all of Spain and Gaul (modern France)
• Rebuilt the city of Rome (brick became marble)
• Divided Rome into provinces, and set up a system
  of governance.
• Made the tax system fair
• Wrote a new set of laws that applied to all
  citizens and non-citizens of Rome

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Ticket out the door

• Julius Caesar and Augustus were both Ambitious
  men. This can lead to both good and bad results
• ambitious adjective 1. having ambition eagerly
  desirous of achieving or obtaining success,
  power, wealth, a specific goal,
• What are 3 ways that ambition can be a good
  thing, and 3 ways that it can be a bad thing?