Biology Assessment Items

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Biology Assessment Items

• Biology Content

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1. How are prokaryotes different from
eukaryotes? a. Prokaryotes can make their own
food but eukaryotes cannot. b. Eukaryotes have a
cell wall, but prokaryotes do not. c. Eukaryotes
have a nucleus but prokaryotes do
not. d. Prokaryotes always have organelles and
eukaryotes only sometimes do.
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1. How are prokaryotes different from
eukaryotes? a. Prokaryotes can make their own
food but eukaryotes cannot. b. Eukaryotes have a
cell wall, but prokaryotes do not. c. Eukaryotes
have a nucleus but prokaryotes do
not. d. Prokaryotes always have organelles and
eukaryotes only sometimes do.
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2. A cell has a defect that results in the loss
of its ability to regulate the passage of water,
food, and wastes into and out of the cell. In
which of the following cell structures is this
defect most likely to be located? a. ribosomes b.
chloroplasts c. cell membrane d. endoplasmic
reticulum
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2. A cell has a defect that results in the loss
of its ability to regulate the passage of water,
food, and wastes into and out of the cell. In
which of the following cell structures is this
defect most likely to be located? a. ribosomes b.
chloroplasts c. cell membrane d. endoplasmic
reticulum
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3. Which of the following statements about cell
membranes is NOT true? a. They are barriers
between the inside and outside of the
cell. b. They contain proteins which perform a
variety of transport functions. c. They are
composed of phospholipids. d. They allow DNA to
move in and out of the cell.
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3. Which of the following statements about cell
membranes is NOT true? a. They are barriers
between the inside and outside of the
cell. b. They contain proteins which perform a
variety of transport functions. c. They are
composed of phospholipids. d. They allow DNA to
move in and out of the cell.
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4. Mitochondria are used to produce energy for
cells. Which type of cell would contain the most
mitochondria? a. fat cells b. bone cells c. red
blood cells d. muscle cells
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4. Mitochondria are used to produce energy for
cells. Which type of cell would contain the most
mitochondria? a. fat cells b. bone cells c. red
blood cells d. muscle cells
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5. The process of diffusion occurs when a. all
molecular movement stops. b. molecules move from
areas of lesser concentration to areas of greater
concentration. c. sugar molecules move into a
cell. d. molecules move from areas of greater
concentration to areas of lesser concentration.
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5. The process of diffusion occurs when a. all
molecular movement stops. b. molecules move from
areas of lesser concentration to areas of greater
concentration. c. sugar molecules move into a
cell. d. molecules move from areas of greater
concentration to areas of lesser concentration.
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6. Which of the following is responsible for
maintaining the shape of the cell as well as
controlling what enters and leaves the
cell? a. Nucleus b. Cell wall c. Cell
membrane d. Golgi apparatus
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6. Which of the following is responsible for
maintaining the shape of the cell as well as
controlling what enters and leaves the
cell? a. Nucleus b. Cell wall c. Cell
membrane d. Golgi apparatus
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7. Which organelle below reduces the effects of
osmosis in this type of protozoan? a. Contractil
e vacuole b. Food vacuole c. Cilia d. Oral groove
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7. Which organelle below reduces the effects of
osmosis in this type of protozoan? a. Contractil
e vacuole b. Food vacuole c. Cilia d. Oral groove
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8. The diffusion of a substance into or out of a
cell requires a. a concentration gradient. b. an
active transport system. c. a carrier
molecule. d. a functioning mitochondrion.
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8. The diffusion of a substance into or out of a
cell requires a. a concentration gradient. b. an
active transport system. c. a carrier
molecule. d. a functioning mitochondrion.
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9. Some single-celled organisms have cilia or
flagella which allow them to ___________. a. repro
duce b. grow c. move d. respire
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9. Some single-celled organisms have cilia or
flagella which allow them to ___________. a. repro
duce b. grow c. move d. respire
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10. The plasma membrane of a cell is selectively
permeable, which means it a. controls all
cellular activities. b. is responsible for
asexual reproduction. c. allows some materials to
pass. d. has a carbohydrate foundation.
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10. The plasma membrane of a cell is selectively
permeable, which means it a. controls all
cellular activities. b. is responsible for
asexual reproduction. c. allows some materials to
pass. d. has a carbohydrate foundation.
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11. The primary structure of a cell membrane is
composed of a. cholesterol. b. phospholipids. c.
carbohydrates. d. saccharides.
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11. The primary structure of a cell membrane is
composed of a. cholesterol. b. phospholipids. c.
carbohydrates. d. saccharides.
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12. Golgi apparatus is to vacuole as packaging
is to a. protecting. b. storing c. asorbing. d. h
ydrating.
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12. Golgi apparatus is to vacuole as packaging
is to a. protecting. b. storing c. absorbing. d.
hydrating.
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13. Peptide bonds between amino acids are formed
primarily on the cells a. mitochondria. b. lysos
omes. c. ribosomes. d. membrane.
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13. Peptide bonds between amino acids are formed
primarily on the cells a. mitochondria. b. lysos
omes. c. ribosomes. d. membrane.
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14. Which activity is illustrated in the diagram
of an amoeba shown below? a. egestion
b. synthesis c. respiration d. ingestion
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14. Which activity is illustrated in the diagram
of an amoeba shown below? a. egestion
b. synthesis c. respiration d. ingestion
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15. The cell theory states all of the following
except a. All living things are made of cells.
b. Viruses are made of cells. c. Cells are the
basic units of life. d. Cells come only from
other cells.
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15. The cell theory states all of the following
except a. All living things are made of cells.
b. Viruses are made of cells. c. Cells are the
basic units of life. d. Cells come only from
other cells.
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16. Which of the following statements is true of
all living things? a. All cells come from other
cells. b. All cells contain a nucleus. c. Cells
reproduce by binary fission. d. All living things
are multicellular.
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16. Which of the following statements is true of
all living things? a. All cells come from other
cells. b. All cells contain a nucleus. c. Cells
reproduce by binary fission. d. All living things
are multicellular.
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17. The invention of the compound light
microscope enabled scientists to observe cells,
helping them to a. determine the number of
atoms in a molecule. b. discover a basic
similarity among organisms. c. study the behavior
of chordates. d. develop techniques for growing
plants in a laboratory.
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17. The invention of the compound light
microscope enabled scientists to observe cells,
helping them to a. determine the number of
atoms in a molecule. b. discover a basic
similarity among organisms. c. study the behavior
of chordates. d. develop techniques for growing
plants in a laboratory.
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18. The biochemical analysis of different
chlorophyll pigments in plants would be most
useful in determining a. how plants reproduce
asexually b. how plants pass favorable traits to
their offspring c. why some plants produce
hemoglobin d. which plants might have a common
ancestor
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18. The biochemical analysis of different
chlorophyll pigments in plants would be most
useful in determining a. how plants reproduce
asexually b. how plants pass favorable traits to
their offspring c. why some plants produce
hemoglobin d. which plants might have a common
ancestor
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19. Enzymes can promote chemical reactions in
living tissues. For example, the breakdown of
hydrogen peroxide into harmless water and oxygen
is accomplished by the chemical catalase. Which
molecule represents the substrate in this
reaction? a. catalase b. hydrogen
peroxide c. oxygen d. water
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19. Enzymes can promote chemical reactions in
living tissues. For example, the breakdown of
hydrogen peroxide into harmless water and oxygen
is accomplished by the chemical catalase. Which
molecule represents the substrate in this
reaction? a. catalase b. hydrogen
peroxide c. oxygen d. water
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20. Catalysts, such as enzymes, speed up the
rate of a reaction by a. raising the temperature
at which the reaction occurs. b. lowering the
temperature at which the reaction
occurs. c. increasing the activation energy
required for the reaction to occur. d. lowering
the activation energy required for the reaction
to occur.
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20. Catalysts, such as enzymes, speed up the
rate of a reaction by a. raising the temperature
at which the reaction occurs. b. lowering the
temperature at which the reaction
occurs. c. increasing the activation energy
required for the reaction to occur. d. lowering
the activation energy required for the reaction
to occur.
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21. The role of enzymes in chemical reactions
within the cell is BEST described how? a. Enzymes
change the outcome of the chemical reaction. b.
Enzymes change the rate of the chemical reaction,
but do not alter the outcome. c .Enzymes have no
effect on any part of the chemical reaction. d.
Enzymes add energy to the chemical reaction.
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21. The role of enzymes in chemical reactions
within the cell is BEST described how? a. Enzymes
change the outcome of the chemical reaction. b.
Enzymes change the rate of the chemical reaction,
but do not alter the outcome. c .Enzymes have no
effect on any part of the chemical reaction. d.
Enzymes add energy to the chemical reaction.
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22. Which substance is made up of many monomers
joined together in long chains? a. amino
acid b. protein c. nucleotide d. fatty acid
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22. Which substance is made up of many monomers
joined together in long chains? a. amino
acid b. protein c. nucleotide d. fatty acid
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23. Many aquatic birds secrete waxy organic
substances that repel water. The birds use these
substances to coat their feathers. An analysis of
these substances would reveal that they are
composed mostly of a. lipids. b. proteins. c. ca
rbohydrates. d. nucleic acids.
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23. Many aquatic birds secrete waxy organic
substances that repel water. The birds use these
substances to coat their feathers. An analysis of
these substances would reveal that they are
composed mostly of a. lipids. b. proteins. c. ca
rbohydrates. d. nucleic acids.
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24. Which macromolecule is correctly paired with
its function? a. Lipids and genetic
information b. Nucleic acids and energy
storage c. Carbohydrates and enzymatic
function d. Proteins and enzymatic function
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24. Which macromolecule is correctly paired with
its function? a. Lipids and genetic
information b. Nucleic acids and energy
storage c. Carbohydrates and enzymatic
function d. Proteins and enzymatic function
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25. One way RNA is different from DNA is that
RNA contains a. phosphate groups. b. hydrogen
bonds. c. ribose. d. bases.
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25. One way RNA is different from DNA is that
RNA contains a. phosphate groups. b. hydrogen
bonds. c. ribose. d. bases.
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CCGTAC 26. What would the mRNA complement of the
above DNA strand be? a. AATGCA b. GGCAUG c. TTACUT
d. UUACGU
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CCGTAC 26. What would the mRNA complement of the
above DNA strand be? a. AATGCA b. GGCAUG c. TTACUT
d. UUACGU
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27. The cells that make up the skin of an
individual have some functions different from the
cells that make up the liver because a. all
cells have a common ancestor. b. different cells
have different genetic material. c. environment
and past history have no influence on cell
function. d. different parts of genetic
instructions are used in different types of
cells.
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27. The cells that make up the skin of an
individual have some functions different from the
cells that make up the liver because a. all
cells have a common ancestor. b. different cells
have different genetic material. c. environment
and past history have no influence on cell
function. d. different parts of genetic
instructions are used in different types of
cells.
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28. Uncontrolled cell division is a
characteristic of a. cleavage. b. oogenesis. c.
cancer. d. regeneration.
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28. Uncontrolled cell division is a
characteristic of a. cleavage. b. oogenesis. c.
cancer. d. regeneration.
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29. A karyotype would be LEAST useful in
determining whether a person had a. a missing
23rd chromosome. b. more than one X
chromosome. c. a recessive gene on the Y
chromosome. d. an extra copy of chromosome 21.
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29. A karyotype would be LEAST useful in
determining whether a person had a. a missing
23rd chromosome. b. more than one X
chromosome. c. a recessive gene on the Y
chromosome. d. an extra copy of chromosome 21.
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30. The eye is considered an organ because it
a. is made up of different tissues working
together. b. requires light energy to function
correctly. c. contains a fluid-filled central
cavity. d. is almost completely surrounded by
bone.
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30. The eye is considered an organ because it
a. is made up of different tissues working
together. b. requires light energy to function
correctly. c. contains a fluid-filled central
cavity. d. is almost completely surrounded by
bone.
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31. After a series of cell divisions, an embryo
develops different types of body cells such as
muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells. This
development occurs because a. the genetic code
changes as the cells divide. b. different
segments of the genetic instructions are used to
produce different types of cells. c. different
genetic instructions are synthesized to meet the
needs of new types of cells. d. some parts of the
genetic materials are lost as a result of
fertilization.
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31. After a series of cell divisions, an embryo
develops different types of body cells such as
muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells. This
development occurs because a. the genetic code
changes as the cells divide. b. different
segments of the genetic instructions are used to
produce different types of cells. c. different
genetic instructions are synthesized to meet the
needs of new types of cells. d. some parts of the
genetic materials are lost as a result of
fertilization.
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32. When excess sugar is produced in a plant,
the plant will a. release the sugar into the
soil. b. convert the sugar into minerals. c.
store the sugar by forming larger molecules. d.
burn the leaves of the plant as it releases
energy.
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32. When excess sugar is produced in a plant,
the plant will a. release the sugar into the
soil. b. convert the sugar into minerals. c.
store the sugar by forming larger molecules. d.
burn the leaves of the plant as it releases
energy.
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33. Vascular plants transport water and
nutrients to all parts of the plant through
a. diffusion b. phagocytosis c. xylem and
phloem d. cellular respiration and photosynthesis
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33. Vascular plants transport water and
nutrients to all parts of the plant through
a. diffusion b. phagocytosis c. xylem and
phloem d. cellular respiration and photosynthesis
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34. Which disease damages the human immune
system, leaving the body open to certain
infectious agents? a. flu b. AIDS c. chicken
pox d. pneumonia
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34. Which disease damages the human immune
system, leaving the body open to certain
infectious agents? a. flu b. AIDS c. chicken
pox d. pneumonia
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35. Which statement best describes the
relationship between the terms chromosomes,
genes, and nuclei? a. Chromosomes are found on
genes. Genes are found in nuclei. b. Chromosomes
are found in nuclei. Nuclei are found in
genes. c. Genes are found on chromosomes.
Chromosomes are found in nuclei. d. Genes are
found in nuclei. Nuclei are found in chromosomes.
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35. Which statement best describes the
relationship between the terms chromosomes,
genes, and nuclei? a. Chromosomes are found on
genes. Genes are found in nuclei. b. Chromosomes
are found in nuclei. Nuclei are found in
genes. c. Genes are found on chromosomes.
Chromosomes are found in nuclei. d. Genes are
found in nuclei. Nuclei are found in chromosomes.
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36. Which of the following statements BEST
explains the relationship between the parts of
genetic materials? a. Each DNA molecule contains
genes. b.Each gene contains many DNA
molecules. c.Each DNA molecule contains many
chromosomes. d.Each chromosome contains DNA
molecules.
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36. Which of the following statements BEST
explains the relationship between the parts of
genetic materials? a. Each DNA molecule contains
genes. b.Each gene contains many DNA
molecules. c.Each DNA molecule contains many
chromosomes. d.Each chromosome contains DNA
molecules.
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37. In what part of DNA is genetic information
located? a. hydrogen bonds b. nucleotide
sequence c. sugar molecules d. enzymes
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37. In what part of DNA is genetic information
located? a. hydrogen bonds b. nucleotide
sequence c. sugar molecules d. enzymes
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38. When DNA separate into two strands, the DNA
would most likely be directly involved in
a. replication b. fertilization c. differentiatio
n d. evolution
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38. When DNA separate into two strands, the DNA
would most likely be directly involved in
a. replication b. fertilization c. differentiatio
n d. evolution
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39. The weakest bonds in a double-stranded
molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid exists between
the a. deoxyribose sugars b. phosphate
groups c. nitrogenous bases d. 5-carbon sugars
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39. The weakest bonds in a double-stranded
molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid exists between
the a. deoxyribose sugars b. phosphate
groups c. nitrogenous bases d. 5-carbon sugars
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40. Watson and Cricks model of DNA resembles
a. interlocking gears b. a boat on a calm
lake c. a twisted ladder d. electric wires
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40. Watson and Cricks model of DNA resembles
a. interlocking gears b. a boat on a calm
lake c. a twisted ladder d. electric wires
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41. In what part of DNA is genetic information
located? a. hydrogen bonds b. nucleotide
sequence c. sugar molecules d. enzymes
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41. In what part of DNA is genetic information
located? a. hydrogen bonds b. nucleotide
sequence c. sugar molecules d. enzymes
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42. DNA that has been cut by enzymes can
separate into segments of different lengths
during the process of a. mitosis. b. electrophor
esis. c. gene amplification. d. cytokinesis.
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42. DNA that has been cut by enzymes can
separate into segments of different lengths
during the process of a. mitosis. b. electrophor
esis. c. gene amplification. d. cytokinesis.
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43. Unlike mitosis, meiosis occurs only
in a. reproductive cells. b. muscle
cells. c. connective tissue cells. d. nerve cells.
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43. Unlike mitosis, meiosis occurs only
in a. reproductive cells. b. muscle
cells. c. connecticv tissue cells. d. nerve cells.
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44. The leaf cells of the white oak (Quercus
alba) contain 24 chromosomes. After meiosis is
complete how many chromosomes are in the new
cells? a. 12 b. 20 c. 24 d. 48
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44. The leaf cells of the white oak (Quercus
alba) contain 24 chromosomes. After meiosis is
complete how many chromosomes are in the new
cells? a. 12 b. 20 c. 24 d. 48
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• 45. Sexual reproduction in plants depends on sex
  cells being produces by the process of
• osmosis.
• fermentation.
• transpiration.
• meiosis.

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• 45. Sexual reproduction in plants depends on sex
  cells being produces by the process of
• osmosis.
• fermentation.
• transpiration.
• meiosis.

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46. The diagram below shows a sea star in
various stages of regeneration. What cellular
process is directly responsible for this
regeneration? a. meiosis b. mitosis c. transpirati
on d. respiration
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46. The diagram below shows a sea star in
various stages of regeneration. What cellular
process is directly responsible for this
regeneration? a. meiosis b. mitosis c. transpirati
on d. respiration
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47. If an intestinal cell in a butterfly
contains 24 chromosomes, a butterfly egg cell
would contain a. 3 chromosomes b. 6
chromosomes c. 12 chromosomes d. 24 chromosomes
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47. If an intestinal cell in a butterfly
contains 24 chromosomes, a butterfly egg cell
would contain a. 3 chromosomes b. 6
chromosomes c. 12 chromosomes d. 24 chromosomes
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48. In fruit flies, the gene for red eye color
(R) is dominant to the gene for white eye color
(r). The trait is sex-liked. What would be the
genotype of a white-eyed female? a. XRXr b. XrXr c
. XRY d. XrY
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48. In fruit flies, the gene for red eye color
(R) is dominant to the gene for white eye color
(r). The trait is sex-liked. What would be the
genotype of a white-eyed female? a. XRXr b. XrXr c
. XRY d. XrY
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49. Meiosis results in greater genetic variation
than asexual reproduction because meiosis a. is
a lengthy process that produces many errors. b.
results in a greater number of offspring. c. is
more common in higher order species. d. allows
the recombination of genetic information.
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49. Meiosis results in greater genetic variation
than asexual reproduction because meiosis a. is
a lengthy process that produces many errors. b.
results in a greater number of offspring. c. is
more common in higher order species. d. allows
the recombination of genetic information.
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50. If a breeder wanted to figure out whether a
black rabbit was homozygous (BB) or heterozygous
(Bb) for coat color, which of the following
rabbit genotypes would be crossed with the black
rabbit? a. BB b. Bb c. Bb d. BbBb
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50. If a breeder wanted to figure out whether a
black rabbit was homozygous (BB) or heterozygous
(Bb) for coat color, which of the following
rabbit genotypes would be crossed with the black
rabbit? a. BB b. Bb c. Bb d. BbBb
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51. Which of the following is an example of
codominance in genetic traits? a. A tall pea
plant and a short pea plant produce tall pea
plants. b. An orange cat and a black cat produce
an orange-and-black kitten. c. A blue-eyed man
and a brown-eyed woman produce a blue-eyed
child. d. A color-blind woman and a man with
normal vision produce a color-blind son.
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51. Which of the following is an example of
codominance in genetic traits? a. A tall pea
plant and a short pea plant produce tall pea
plants. b. An orange cat and a black cat produce
an orange-and-black kitten. c. A blue-eyed man
and a brown-eyed woman produce a blue-eyed
child. d. A color-blind woman and a man with
normal vision produce a color-blind son.
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52. The number of chromosomes can be studied by
looking at a-- a. karyotype. b. pedigree
chart. c. genotype. d. punnett square.
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52. The number of chromosomes can be studied by
looking at a-- a. karyotype. b. pedigree
chart. c. genotype. d. punnett square.
106
53. Humans may have type O, A, B, or AB blood.
This blood type is a trait determined by a. a
double crossover on the X chromosome. b. multiple
alleles. c. genes on the Y chromosome. d. three
homologous chromosomes.
107
53. Humans may have type O, A, B, or AB blood.
This blood type is a trait determined by a. a
double crossover on the X chromosome. b. multiple
alleles. c. genes on the Y chromosome. d. three
homologous chromosomes.
108
54. Two plants probably belong to the same
species if they a. have leaves that look
alike. b. can produce fertile offspring. c. have
the same number of cotyledons. d. develop the
same type of chlorophyll.
109
54. Two plants probably belong to the same
species if they a. have leaves that look
alike. b. can produce fertile offspring. c. have
the same number of cotyledons. d. develop the
same type of chlorophyll.
110
55. In which group would there be the greatest
similarity between members in terms of structure
and function? a. species b. genus c. kingdom
d. phylum
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55. In which group would there be the greatest
similarity between members in terms of structure
and function? a. species b. genus c. kingdom
d. phylum
112
56. An organism is multicellular and
autotrophic. How would it be classified? a.
Animalia b. Fungi c. Plantae d. Eubacteria
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56. An organism is multicellular and
autotrophic. How would it be classified? a.
Animalia b. Fungi c. Plantae d. Eubacteria
114
57. Which of these biological classification
groups has the fewest members? a. class b. genus c
. species d. family
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57. Which of these biological classification
groups has the fewest members? a. class b. genus c
. species d. family
116
58. A red maple tree is known by the scientific
name Acer rubrum. The sugar maple is known as
Acer saccharum. What is the smallest
classification division these trees have in
common? a. phylum b. order c. genus d. species
117
58. A red maple tree is known by the scientific
name Acer rubrum. The sugar maple is known as
Acer saccharum. What is the smallest
classification division these trees have in
common? a. phylum b. order c. genus d. species
118
59. All of the animals in the phylum Vertebrata
must belong to the same a. family. b. genus. c.
kingdom. d. order.
119
59. All of the animals in the phylum Vertebrata
must belong to the same a. family. b. genus. c.
kingdom. d. order.
120
60. A mushroom, mildew and bread mold are all
classified in the same a. class. b. kingdom. c.
genus. d. species.
121
60. A mushroom, mildew and bread mold are all
classified in the same a. class. b. kingdom. c.
genus. d. species.
122
61. Which of the following cannot make their own
proteins and as a result requires a host cell? a.
Archaebacteria b. Viruses c. Eubacteria d.
Protozoans
123
61. Which of the following cannot make their own
proteins and as a result requires a host cell? a.
Archaebacteria b. Viruses c. Eubacteria d.
Protozoans
124
62. The illustration below shows part of the
carbon cycle. At position Y, carbon is most
likely to be in which of the following
forms? a. protein b. carbon solid c. carbohydrate
d. carbon dioxide
125
62. The illustration below shows part of the
carbon cycle. At position Y, carbon is most
likely to be in which of the following
forms? a. protein b. carbon solid c. carbohydrate
d. carbon dioxide
126
63. Legumes, such as clover and alfalfa, have
nodules on their roots that contain
nitrogen-fixing bacteria. These bacteria convert
nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into
nitrates. Which of the following best accounts
for the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in
legume root nodules? a. Nitrates are a food
source for earthworms. b. Plants can use
nitrates, but not nitrogen gas. c. Nitrates are
one of the reactants in photosynthesis. d.
Nitrogen gas is toxic to most plants, but
nitrates are nontoxic.
127
63. Legumes, such as clover and alfalfa, have
nodules on their roots that contain
nitrogen-fixing bacteria. These bacteria convert
nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into
nitrates. Which of the following best accounts
for the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in
legume root nodules? a. Nitrates are a food
source for earthworms. b. Plants can use
nitrates, but not nitrogen gas. c. Nitrates are
one of the reactants in photosynthesis. d.
Nitrogen gas is toxic to most plants, but
nitrates are nontoxic.
128
64. The nitrogen cycle is important to all
living things because nitrogen is found in which
molecules? a. saturated fats b. nucleic
acids c. starches d. sugars
129
64. The nitrogen cycle is important to all
living things because nitrogen is found in which
molecules? a. saturated fats b. nucleic
acids c. starches d. sugars
130
65. In an ecosystem, what happens to the atoms
of certain chemical elements such as carbon,
oxygen, and nitrogen? a. They move into and out
of living systems. b. They are never found in
living systems. c. They move out of living
systems and never return. d. They move into
living systems and remain there.
131
65. In an ecosystem, what happens to the atoms
of certain chemical elements such as carbon,
oxygen, and nitrogen? a. They move into and out
of living systems. b. They are never found in
living systems. c. They move out of living
systems and never return. d. They move into
living systems and remain there.
132
66. An ecosystem is represented below. This
ecosystem will be self-sustaining if a. the
organisms labeled A outnumber the organisms
labeled B b. the organisms labeled A are equal
in number to the organisms labeled B c. the type
of organisms represented by B are eliminated d.
materials cycle between the organisms labeled A
and the organisms labeled B
133
66. An ecosystem is represented below. This
ecosystem will be self-sustaining if a. the
organisms labeled A outnumber the organisms
labeled B b. the organisms labeled A are equal
in number to the organisms labeled B c. the type
of organisms represented by B are eliminated d.
materials cycle between the organisms labeled A
and the organisms labeled B
134
67. The FIRST evidence that nitrogen-fixing
bacteria populations have become too low in a
terrestrial biome would be a decline in
the a. producer populations. b. first-order
consumer populations. c. second-order consumer
populations. d. decomposer populations.
135
67. The FIRST evidence that nitrogen-fixing
bacteria populations have become too low in a
terrestrial biome would be a decline in
the a. producer populations. b. first-order
consumer populations. c. second-order consumer
populations. d. decomposer populations.
136
68. In an ecosystem, elements such as nitrogen
and carbon move between living things and the
environment. The conversion of these elements
are part of a. biogeochemical cycles. b. ecologic
al succession. c. energy pyramids. d. symbiotic
relationships.
137
68. In an ecosystem, elements such as nitrogen
and carbon move between living things and the
environment. The conversion of these elements
are part of a. biogeochemical cycles. b. ecologic
al succession. c. energy pyramids. d. symbiotic
relationships.
138
69. Usable nitrogen is released into soil from
animal wastes by the breakdown of a. plant
proteins b. water c. ammonia d. sugar molecules
139
69. Usable nitrogen is released into soil from
animal wastes by the breakdown of a. plant
proteins b. water c. ammonia d. sugar molecules
140
70. Oxygen is added to an ecosystem
by a. cellular respiration. b. photosynthesis. c.
the nitrogen cycle. d. dehydration.
141
70. Oxygen is added to an ecosystem
by a. cellular respiration. b. photosynthesis. c.
the nitrogen cycle. d. dehydration.
142
71. In a typical ecosystem, the biomass of
carnivores is a. usually greater than the
biomass of herbivores. b. usually less than the
biomass of herbivores. c. usually the same as the
biomass of herbivores. d. could be greater than
or less than the biomass of herbivores depending
on the ecosystem.
143
71. In a typical ecosystem, the biomass of
carnivores is a. usually greater than the
biomass of herbivores. b. usually less than the
biomass of herbivores. c. usually the same as the
biomass of herbivores. d. could be greater than
or less than the biomass of herbivores depending
on the ecosystem.
144
72. The little brown bat has populations in the
millions in some caves. These mammals consume
insects that are harmful to corn and cotton. It
is estimated that a community of a million bats
consumes 10 tons of insects each night. As the
population of bats increases, it would be
expected that crop production in the nearby area
would a. show a minimal response. b. remain
constant. c. be cut in half. d. steadily increase.
145
72. The little brown bat has populations in the
millions in some caves. These mammals consume
insects that are harmful to corn and cotton. It
is estimated that a community of a million bats
consumes 10 tons of insects each night. As the
population of bats increases, it would be
expected that crop production in the nearby area
would a. show a minimal response. b. remain
constant. c. be cut in half. d. steadily increase.
146
73. Because plants are able to undergo
photosynthesis, they do not a. require carbon
dioxide. b. store energy for later
use. c. undergo cellular respiration. d. depend
on other organisms for energy.
147
73. Because plants are able to undergo
photosynthesis, they do not a. require carbon
dioxide. b. store energy for later
use. c. undergo cellular respiration. d. depend
on other organisms for energy.
148
74. Energy stored in food is released when a.
chemical bonds are broken. b. atomic nuclei are
split. c. elements combine. d. electrons are
produced.
149
74. Energy stored in food is released when a.
chemical bonds are broken. b. atomic nuclei are
split. c. elements combine. d. electrons are
produced.
150
75. Which terms refers to the behavior of two
species attempting to use the same living space,
food source, and water source? a. saprophytic b. c
ompetitive c. predatory d. symbiotic
151
75. Which terms refers to the behavior of two
species attempting to use the same living space,
food source, and water source? a. saprophytic b. c
ompetitive c. predatory d. symbiotic
152
76. A certain species of bird eats insects off
the backs of cattle. If the relationship is
mutualistic, the individuals benefiting from the
relationship are a. only the birds. b. only the
cattle. c. neither the birds nor the
cattle. d. both the birds and the cattle.
153
76. A certain species of bird eats insects off
the backs of cattle. If the relationship is
mutualistic, the individuals benefiting from the
relationship are a. only the birds. b. only the
cattle. c. neither the birds nor the
cattle. d. both the birds and the cattle.
154
77. When brown tree snakes were first introduced
to the island of Guam, they had no natural
predators. These snakes sought out and ate many
of the eggs of insect-eating birds. What
probably occurred after the introduction of the
brown tree snakes? a. The bird population
increased. b. The insect population
increased. c. The bird population began to seek a
new food source. d. The insect population began
to seek a new food source.
155
77. When brown tree snakes were first introduced
to the island of Guam, they had no natural
predators. These snakes sought out and ate many
of the eggs of insect-eating birds. What
probably occurred after the introduction of the
brown tree snakes? a. The bird population
increased. b. The insect population
increased. c. The bird population began to seek a
new food source. d. The insect population began
to seek a new food source.
156
78. Members of the same species found in an
ecosystem are called a a. family. b. population.
c. niche. d. community.
157
78. Members of the same species found in an
ecosystem are called a a. family. b. population.
c. niche. d. community.
158
79. Highly social species of organisms benefit
from cooperative behavior in all of the following
ways EXCEPT by improving a. chances of surviving
environmental disasters. b. opportunities for
finding and obtaining food. c. modifications to
the environment. d. defensive tactics against
predators.
159
79. Highly social species of organisms benefit
from cooperative behavior in all of the following
ways EXCEPT by improving a. chances of surviving
environmental disasters. b. opportunities for
finding and obtaining food. c. modifications to
the environment. d. defensive tactics against
predators.
160
80. Dumping raw sewage into a river will lead to
a reduction in dissolved oxygen in the water.
This reduction will most likely cause a. an
increase in all fish populations. b. a decrease
in most aquatic animal populations. c. an
increase in depth of the water. d. a decrease in
water temperature.
161
80. Dumping raw sewage into a river will lead to
a reduction in dissolved oxygen in the water.
This reduction will most likely cause a. an
increase in all fish populations. b. a decrease
in most aquatic animal populations. c. an
increase in depth of the water. d. a decrease in
water temperature.
162
81. What is the major environmental factor
limiting the numbers of autotrophs at great
depths in the ocean? a. type of
seafloor b. amount of light c. availability of
minerals d. absence of biotic factors
163
81. What is the major environmental factor
limiting the numbers of autotrophs at great
depths in the ocean? a. type of
seafloor b. amount of light c. availability of
minerals d. absence of biotic factors
164
82. In a certain ecosystem, rattlesnakes are
predators of prairie dogs. If the prairie dog
population started to increase, how would the
ecosystem most likely regain stability? a. The
rattlesnake population would start to
decrease. b. The rattlesnake population would
start to increase. c. The prairie dog population
would increase rapidly. d. The prairie dog
population would begin to prey on the
rattlesnakes.
165
82. In a certain ecosystem, rattlesnakes are
predators of prairie dogs. If the prairie dog
population started to increase, how would the
ecosystem most likely regain stability? a. The
rattlesnake population would start to
decrease. b. The rattlesnake population would
start to increase. c. The prairie dog population
would increase rapidly. d. The prairie dog
population would begin to prey on the
rattlesnakes.
166
83 Which of these is a description of
mutualism? a. Both species exploit a common vital
resource. b. One species is more complex than the
other. c. Both species benefit from one
another. d. Neither species interacts with the
other.
167
83. Which of these is a description of
mutualism? a. Both species exploit a common vital
resource. b. One species is more complex than the
other. c. Both species benefit from one
another. d. Neither species interacts with the
other.
168
84. A certain species of bird eats insects off
the backs of cattle. If the relationship between
the birds and the cattle is mutualistic, then the
individuals benefiting from the relationship are
a. only the birds. b. only the
cattle. c. neither the birds nor the
cattle. d. both the birds and the cattle.
169
84. A certain species of bird eats insects off
the backs of cattle. If the relationship between
the birds and the cattle is mutualistic, then the
individuals benefiting from the relationship are
a. only the birds. b. only the
cattle. c. neither the birds nor the
cattle. d. both the birds and the cattle.
170
85. A rocky island appears as oceanic waters
recede. Which of the following forms of
vegetation would probably appear first on the
bare rocks? a. lichens b. weeds c. shrubs
d. pioneer trees
171
85. A rocky island appears as oceanic waters
recede. Which of the following forms of
vegetation would probably appear first on the
bare rocks? a. lichens b. weeds c. shrubs
d. pioneer trees
172
86. Over a period of 300 years, a mountain pond
was transformed into a forest. During this
period, several communities replaced existing
communities. Which of the following best
explains this occurrence? a. The water evaporates
and leaves soil for plants to grow. b. The water
evaporates and then precipitates back into the
lake. c. Primary succession d. Secondary
succession
173
86. Over a period of 300 years, a mountain pond
was transformed into a forest. During this
period, several communities replaced existing
communities. Which of the following best
explains this occurrence? a. The water evaporates
and leaves soil for plants to grow. b. The water
evaporates and then precipitates back into the
lake. c. Primary succession d. Secondary
succession
174
87. An environment can support only as many
organisms as the available energy, minerals, and
oxygen will allow. Which term is best described
by this statement? a. biological
feedback b. carrying capacity c. homeostatic
control d. biological diversity
175
87. An environment can support only as many
organisms as the available energy, minerals, and
oxygen will allow. Which term is best described
by this statement? a. biological
feedback b. carrying capacity c. homeostatic
control d. biological diversity
176
88. Which statement below
best explains what is
occurring during section II
in the population graph? a. The population is
at its carrying capacity. b.
The population is affected by density-dependent
factors. c. The population is smaller than the
carrying capacity. d. The birth rate is exceeding
the death rate.
177
88. Which statement below
best explains what is
occurring during section II
in the population graph? a. The population is
at its carrying capacity. b.
The population is affected by density-dependent
factors. c. The population is smaller than the
carrying capacity. d. The birth rate is exceeding
the death rate.
178
89. What does the process of photosynthesis
produce? a. starch, which is metabolized into
less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
b. protein, which is metabolized into less
complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
c. glycerol, which is metabolized into more
complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis
d. glucose, which is metabolized into more
complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis
179
89. What does the process of photosynthesis
produce? a. starch, which is metabolized into
less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
b. protein, which is metabolized into less
complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
c. glycerol, which is metabolized into more
complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis
d. glucose, which is metabolized into more
complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis
180
90. The process of photosynthesis produces
sugar, water and a. hydrogen gas. b. nitrogen
dioxide gas. c. carbon dioxide gas. d. oxygen gas.
181
90. The process of photosynthesis produces
sugar, water and a. hydrogen gas. b. nitrogen
dioxide gas. c. carbon dioxide gas. d. oxygen gas.
182
91. In the process of photosynthesis,
chlorophyll serves as a. an end-product. b. a
raw material. c. an energy converter. d. a
hydrogen acceptor.
183
91. In the process of photosynthesis,
chlorophyll serves as a. an end-product. b. a
raw material. c. an energy converter. d. a
hydrogen acceptor.
184
92. As respiration begins, glucose is broken
down into pyruvic acid and two molecules of ATP
are formed. What will happen next in yeast cells
if NO oxygen is available? a. Krebs
cycle b. photosynthesis c. alcoholic
fermentation d. lactic acid fermentation
185
92. As respiration begins, glucose is broken
down into pyruvic acid and two molecules of ATP
are formed. What will happen next in yeast cells
if NO oxygen is available? a. Krebs
cycle b. photosynthesis c. alcoholic
fermentation d. lactic acid fermentation
186
93. In humans, which substance is produced
anaerobically during strenuous activity? a. lactic
acid b. glycogen c. carbon dioxide d. alcohol
187
93. In humans, which substance is produced
anaerobically during strenuous activity? a. lactic
acid b. glycogen c. carbon dioxide d. alcohol
188

• 94. The fermentation of glucose by yeast
  normally yields what?
• a. lactic acid, CO2, and 2 ATP
• . alcohol, CO2, and 36 ATP
• . alcohol, CO2, and 2 ATP
• . CO2, H20, and 36 ATP

189

• 94. The fermentation of glucose by yeast
  normally yields what?
• a. lactic acid, CO2, and 2 ATP
• . alcohol, CO2, and 36 ATP
• . alcohol, CO2, and 2 ATP
• . CO2, H20, and 36 ATP

190
95. Which of the following is needed to transfer
and release energy? a. calcium b. phosphate c. nit
rate d. potassium
191
95. Which of the following is needed to transfer
and release energy? a. calcium b. phosphate c. nit
rate d. potassium
192
96. Which of the following provides energy for
metabolic reactions within living
systems? a. proteins b. ATP c. lipids d. carbohydr
ates
193
96. Which of the following provides energy for
metabolic reactions within living
systems? a. proteins b. ATP c. lipids d. carbohydr
ates
194
97. To remain healthy, organisms must be able to
obtain materials, change the materials, move the
materials around, and get rid of waste. These
activities directly require a. energy from
ATP b. the replication of DNA c. nutrients from
inorganic sources d. manipulation of altered genes
195
97. To remain healthy, organisms must be able to
obtain materials, change the materials, move the
materials around, and get rid of waste. These
activities directly require a. energy from
ATP b. the replication of DNA c. nutrients from
inorganic sources d. manipulation of altered genes
196
98. The energy an organism requires to transport
materials and eliminate wastes is obtained
directly from a. DNA b. starch
c. hormones d. ATP
197
98. The energy an organism requires to transport
materials and eliminate wastes is obtained
directly from a. DNA b. starch
c. hormones d. ATP
198
99. Which ecosystem has a better chance of
surviving when environmental conditions change
over a long period of time? a. one with a great
deal of genetic diversity b. one with plants and
animals but no bacteria c. one with animals and
bacteria but no plants d. one with little or no
genetic diversity
199
99. Which ecosystem has a better chance of
surviving when environmental conditions change
over a long period of time? a. one with a great
deal of genetic diversity b. one with plants and
animals but no bacteria c. one with animals and
bacteria but no plants d. one with little or no
genetic diversity
200
100. A disaccharide comes into contact with a
substance and then is broken down into two
monosaccharides. The substance binds with the
disaccharide but is not changed or used in the
reaction. The mystery substance is
probably a. an enzyme. b. water. c. ATP. d. oxyge
n.
201
100. A disaccharide comes into contact with a
substance and then is broken down into two
monosaccharides. The substance binds with the
disaccharide but is not changed or used in the
reaction. The mystery substance is
probably a. an enzyme. b. water. c. ATP. d. oxyge
n.
202
101. Under what conditions will a substance be
likely to enter a cell through diffusion? a. when
the substance is a particle of food b. when a
molecule of the substance is very large c. when
the concentration of the substance is greater
outside the cell than inside d. when the
concentration of the substance is greater inside
the cell than outside
203
101. Under what conditions will a substance be
likely to enter a cell through diffusion? a. when
the substance is a particle of food b. when a
molecule of the substance is very large c. when
the concentration of the substance is greater
outside the cell than inside d. when the
concentration of the substance is greater inside
the cell than outside
204
102. During a race, the body temperature of a
runner increases. The runner responds by
perspiring, which lowers body temperature. This
process is an example of a. maintenance of
homeostasis. b. an antigen-antibody reaction.
c. an acquired characteristic. d. environmental
factors affecting phenotype.
205
102. During a race, the body temperature of a
runner increases. The runner responds by
perspiring, which lowers body temperature. This
process is an example of a. maintenance of
homeostasis. b. an antigen-antibody reaction.
c. an acquired characteristic. d. environmental
factors affecting phenotype.
206
103. What usually results when an organism fails
to maintain homeostasis? a. Growth rates within
organs become equal. b. The organism becomes ill
or may die. c. A constant sugar supply for the
cells is produced. d. The water balance in the
tissues of the organism stabilizes.
207
103. What usually results when an organism fails
to maintain homeostasis? a. Growth rates within
organs become equal. b. The organism becomes ill
or may die. c. A constant sugar supply for the
cells is produced. d. The water balance in the
tissues of the organism stabilizes.
208
104. Which structures in a human transmits
electrochemical messages? a. veins b. lymphocytes
c. neurons d. nephrons
209
104. Which structures in a human transmits
electrochemical messages? a. veins b. lymphocytes
c. neurons d. nephrons
210
105. Structure X is most likely a. a sensory
nerve b. an effector c. a ganglion d. a tympanum
211
105. Structure X is most likely a. a sensory
nerve b. an effector c. a ganglion d. a tympanum
212
106. Effectors are best described as a. organs
that interpret stimuli. b. structures that
respond to stimuli. c. tissues that initiate
stimuli. d. cells that transmit stimuli.
213
106. Effectors are best described as a. organs
that interpret stimuli. b. structures that
respond to stimuli. c. tissues that initiate
stimuli. d. cells that transmit stimuli.
214
107. A change in the external environment that
initiates an impulse is known as a
a. synapse. b. response. c. stimulus. d. recepto
r.
215
107. A change in the external environment that
initiates an impulse is known as a
a. synapse. b. response. c. stimulus. d. recepto
r.
216
108. In humans, one function of an interneuron
is to relay impulses directly from a. receptors
to the brain. b. receptors to other
receptors. c. motor neurons to receptors. d. a
sensory neuron to a motor neuron.
217
108. In humans, one function of an interneuron
is to relay impulses directly from a. receptors
to the brain. b. receptors to other
receptors. c. motor neurons to receptors. d. a
sensory neuron to a motor neuron.
218
109. An example of a reaction to a stimulus is
a. a boy smelling a flower. b. eyes blinking
due to smoke in the air. c. a person tapping on
the shoulder of a friend. d. a loud clap of
thunder following lightning.
219
109. An example of a reaction to a stimulus is
a. a boy smelling a flower. b. eyes blinking
due to smoke in the air. c. a person tapping on
the shoulder of a friend. d. a loud clap of
thunder following lightning.
220
110. When a certain plant is without water for
an extended period of time, guard cells close
openings in the leaves of the plant. This
activity conserves water and illustrates
a. cellular communication involving the action
of nerve cells and receptor sites. b. an increase
in rate of growth due to a low concentration of
water. c. maintenance of dynamic equilibrium
through detection and response to stimuli. d. a
response to one biotic factor in the environment.
221
110. When a certain plant is without water for
an extended period of time, guard cells close
openings in the leaves of the plant. This
activity conserves water and illustrates
a. cellular communication involving the action
of nerve cells and receptor sites. b. an increase
in rate of growth due to a low concentration of
water. c. maintenance of dynamic equilibrium
through detection and response to stimuli. d. a
response to one biotic factor in the environment.
222
111. When a duck dives into cold water, the
capillaries in its skin constrict and move deeper
below the surface of the skin. This reaction is
an example of a. homeostasis. b. synthesis. c. r
espiration. d. excretion.
223
111. When a duck dives into cold water, the
capillaries in its skin constrict and move deeper
below the surface of the skin. This reaction is
an example of a. homeostasis. b. synthesis. c. r
espiration. d. excretion.
224
112. Which of the following is true of
hormones? a. Their levels are constant. b. They
are an energy source. c. They are an oxygen
source. d. They may be produced in one part of
an organism and have an effect in another part of
the organism.
225
112. Which of the following is true of
hormones? a. Their levels are constant. b. They
are an energy source. c. They are an oxygen
source. d. They may be produced in one part of
an organism and have an effect in another part of
the organism.
226
113. As a classroom project, a science class
raised a spider in an enclosure by itself.
Despite being alone, the spider spun a web
similar to webs spun by other spiders of its
species. The spiders ability to spin a web is
an example of a. innate behavior. b. camoufla
ge. c. learned behavior. d. mimicry.
227
113. As a classroom project, a science class
raised a spider in an enclosure by itself.
Despite being alone, the spider spun a web
similar to webs spun by other spiders of its
species. The spiders ability to spin a web is
an example of a. innate behavior. b. camoufla
ge. c. learned behavior. d. mimicry.
228
114. Plants produce substances that regulate
their growth patterns. These substances are known
as a. pigments. b. auxins. c. tropisms. d. neuro
transmitters.
229
114. Plants produce substances that regulate
their growth patterns. These substances are known
as a. pigments. b. auxins. c. tropisms. d. neuro
transmitters.
230
115. The diagram shows a growth
response in a plant. This growth response
results from the a. conversion
of mechanical energy into radiant energy. b.
action of contractile fibers. c. conversion of
light energy into heat energy. d. action of plant
hormones.
231
115. The diagram shows a growth
response in a plant. This growth response
results from the a. conversion
of mechanical energy into radiant energy. b.
action of contractile fibers. c. conversion of
light energy into heat energy. d. action of plant
hormones.