The Engineering Profession

1
Chapter 2

• The Engineering Profession

2
Chapter Overview

• What is Engineering?
• The Engineering Process
• Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th
  Century
• Rewards and Opportunities of an Engineering
  Career
• Engineering Disciplines
• Engineering Job Functions
• Employment Opportunities
• Important Fields for the Future
• Engineering as a Profession

3
What is Engineering?

• If someone asked you the question What is
  engineering?
• How would you respond?
• Engineering is the profession in which a
  knowledge of the mathematical and natural
  sciences, gained by study, experience, and
  practice, is applied with judgment to develop
  ways to utilize, economically, the materials and
  forces of nature for the benefit of humankind.

4
What is Engineering?
5
My Definition of Non Strategic Engineering

• Economically Applied Physics, Chemistry (Bio
  Chemistry) based on Math with the following
  priority
• 1-Physics
• 2-Chemistry
• 3-Math
• 0-Economy

6
Learning More about Engineering

• Study Chapter 2 of Studying Engineering
• Search the web
• http//www.eweek.org
• http//www.engineeringk12.org
• http//www.discoverengineering.org
• http//www.dedicatedengineers.org
• http//www.careercornerstone.org
• http//www.jets.org
• Talk to engineering professionals
• Attend career days
• Other?

7
Astronaut Neil Armstong

• Engineering is often associated with science and
  understandably so. Both make extensive use of
  mathematics, and engineering requires a solid
  scientific basis. Yet as any scientist or
  engineer will tell you, they are quite different.
  Science is quest for truth for its own sake,
  for an ever more exact understanding of the
  natural world. It explains the change in the
  viscosity of a liquid as its temperature is
  varied, the release of heat when water vapor
  condenses, and the reproductive process of
  plants. It determines the speed of light.
  Engineering turns those explanations and
  understandings into new or improved machines,
  technologies, and processes- to bring reality to
  idea and to provide solutions to social needs.

8
The Engineering Design Process(Heart of
Engineering)

• Customer need or opportunity
• Missile needed by army
• Post its Yellow sticking paper
• Problem definition/Specifications
• Weight
• Size
• Speed
• Safety and reliability
• Cost
• Timing
• Data and information collection
• Field data
• Literature data
• Development of alternative solutions
• Creativity
• Evaluation of design/selection of optimal design
• Computer aided drafting (CAD)
• Stress analysis
• Modeling

9
The Engineering Design Process(Heart of
Engineering)

• Engineering Design Process, begins with
  perception of a market opportunity and ends with
  
• production
• Sales
• Delivery of the products
• And Of Course UPGRADE

10
Case Study

• Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle
• (Nuna 3)

11
1-Customer Need

• In April 2004, South Australian Tourism
  Commission, proposed to Delft University in
  Netherland to apply for entry into 2005 World
  Solar Challenge. (www.wsc.org.au)

12
2- Problem Definition and Specifications

• The primary design Specifications
• Max Vehicle Size 5 x 1.8 x1. meter
• Min Heights for driver sight 700 mm
• Solar Cell Type No Limitation
• Battery Type Commercially available
• Max Battery Capacity 5.5 Kw-hr
• Safety requirments Safey belt, helmet,
  structural roll bar, 15 sec. unassisted egress,
  brakes, tires, steering and electrical system

13
3- Data and Information Collection

• Extensive data and information needed on
• Electric motor systems
• System batteries
• Solar power systems
• Vehicle aerodynamics
• Light weight vehicle design
• Vehicle suspension and steering
• Mechanical drive system

14
4- Development of Alternative Design

• For an optimum design, some trade off needed in
• High solar panel power (high surface area)
• Low aerodynamic drag (low, but smooth surface
  area)
• Low vehicle weight (the lower surface are, small
  and light devices and equipments)
• High electrical power system efficiency
• High mechanical drive system efficiency
• Good battery performance (heavy batteries)
• High overall reliability (Optimum System)

15
5- Development of optimal Design

• Final Design Parameters
• solar panel power 2,100 Watts
• Efficiency 26
• aerodynamic drag 0.07
• Minimize the front surface area by computer
  design and wind tunnel tests
• vehicle weight lt 200 Kg
• Using light Aluminum alloy material
• electrical power system efficiency gt97
• The motor installed in the rear part to give the
  lowest loss through mechanical transmission
• battery weight 30 Kg
• Light Polymer batteries

16
6- Implementation of optimal Design

• The real Work (Construction)
• First Stage
• Building mechanical stage
• External body
• Wheels
• Steering
• brakes
• Second Stage
• Power electronic system
• Motor
• Motor control
• Batteries
• Drive system
• Third Stage
• Solar panels installation

17
Results

• Nuna 3 wins with 3 hr 24 min ahead of the second
  car in a 29 hr race!
• Other contestants
• Aurora from Australia (the past winner)
• Momentum from Michigan (winner of 2005 North
  America)
• Tesseract from MIT (Top finisher of most races)
• Sky Ace Tiga from Japan (holder of world speed in
  solar cars)

18
Greatest Engineering Achievements of 20th Century

• 20. High performance materials
• 19. Nuclear technologies
• 18. Laser and fiber optics
• 17. Petroleum and gas technologies
• 16. Health technologies
• 15. Household appliances
• 14. Imaging technologies
• 13. Internet
• 12. Space exploration
• 11. Interstate highways

19
Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th
Century (continued)

• 10. Air-conditioning and refrigeration
• 9. Telephone
• 8. Computers
• 7. Agricultural mechanization
• 6. Radio and television
• 5. Electronics
• 4. Safe and abundant water
• 3. Airplane
• 2. Automobile
• 1. Electrification

20
Rewards and Opportunities of an Engineering Career

1. Job satisfaction
2. Varied opportunities
3. Challenging work
4. Intellectual development
5. Social impact
6. Financial security
7. Prestige
8. Professional environment
9. Understanding how things work
10. Creative thinking

21
2005/06 Starting Salaries

• Discipline Avg. Salary
• Engineering 51,465
• Computer Science 49,680
• Engineering Technology 48,514
• Nursing 45,347
• Business 41,900
• Mathematics and Sciences 38,217
• Agriculture Natural Resources 33,716
• Education 32,438
• Humanities Social Sciences 31,290
• Communications 31,110

22
Engineering Disciplines

• Mechanical Engineering
• Electrical Engineering
• Civil Engineering
• Computer Engineering
• Chemical Engineering
• Industrial Engineering
• Other (Aerospace, Biomedical, etc)

23
Engineering Job Functions

• Analysis
• Design
• Test
• Development
• Sales
• Research
• Management
• Consulting
• Teaching

24
Industry Sectors(Non-manufacturing)

• Professional, scientific, and technical services
• Information
• Construction
• Wholesale trade
• Administrative and support
• Management of companies and enterprises
• Utilities
• Mining

25
Industry Sectors (Manufacturing)

• Computer and electronic product
• Transportation equipment
• Machinery
• Fabricated metal product
• Chemical
• Electronic equipment, appliance, and component

26
Major Changes Affecting the Future

• The fall of the Berlin Wall
• Advances in computer technology
• Advances in communications
• The knowledge and information explosion
• Globalization (outsourcing, off-shoring)
• Increased focus on the environment
• Events of September 11, 2001
• World population explosion

27
Important Fields for the Future

• Manufacturing frontiers
• Information and communication systems
• Smart and engineered materials
• Bioengineering
• Critical infrastructure systems
• Homeland security
• Improved health care delivery
• Nanotechnology
• Advanced environmental technology
• Sensors and control systems

28
Engineering as a Profession

• Professional registration
• Graduation from ABET-accredited engineering
  program
• Pass Fundamentals of Engineering Exam (FE)
• Complete four years of acceptable engineering
  practice
• Pass the Principles and Practice of Engineering
  (PE) Exam
• Professional societies

29
Group Discussion ExerciseMotorized Beach
Wheelchair

• Working in your group, develop a list of
  specifications for a motorized wheel chair that
  could be used on a sandy beach.

Appoint a leader to keep the discussion on topic
and a recorder to record and report what you come
up with
30
Alternative Group DiscussionLearning More About
Engineering

• In your group, brainstorm a list of tangible
  things you can do to learn more about
  engineering. Be bold and creative!

Appoint a leader to keep the discussion on topic
and a recorder to record and report what you come
up with