Nondestructive Testing Technology

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• Nondestructive Testing Technology
• ???????
• ????
• E-mail jiaojp_at_bjut.edu.cn
• ??67391720

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1.1 ??

• ???????????
• ????NDI (Nondestructive Inspection)
• ????NDT (Nondestructive Testing)
• ????NDE (Nondestructive Evaluation)
• NDI--??????(??)
• NDT--?NDI?????????,???????????????????????????
• NDE--????????????,???????????????????????
• ?????????NDT,??NDE????NDT?

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1.2 ?????????

• (1) ???????????
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1.2 ?????????

• (2) ????????????
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1.2 ?????????

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2. ??????????

• ??????????
• ????(Ultrasonic Testing,UT)
• ????(Radiographic Testing,RT)
• ????(Magnetic particle Testing,MT)
• ????(Penetrant Testing,PT)
• ????(Eddy current Testing,ET)

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2. ??????????

• ?????????
• ???(Acoustic Emission,AE)
• ????(guided waves,GW)
• ?????(Optical Holography)
• ?????(Infrared Thermography)
• ????(Microwave Testing)
• ??,????70??

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2. ??????????

• ????????,???????5000??????????????????????,??????(
  )
• ????43-46
• ????12-14
• ????9-10
• ????3-4
• ????1-2
• ????6-7
• ????20-23
• ?5????????????????????71-73???5??????????,??????6
  2,?????18,?????13,?????5??????18?

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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.1 ?????(UT)
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2.2 ????(RT)
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2.2 ????(RT)
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2.2 ????(RT)
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2.2 ????(RT)
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2.2 ????(RT)
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2.2 ????(RT)
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2.2 ????(RT)
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2.2 ????(UT)
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2.2 ????(RT)
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2.2 ????(RT)
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2.2 ????(RT)
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2.3 ????(PT)
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2.3 ????(PT)
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2.3 ????(PT)
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2.3 ????(PT)
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2.3 ????(PT)
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2.3 ????(PT)
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2.3 ????(PT)
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2.3 ????(PT)
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2.3 ????(PT)
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2.3 ????(PT)
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2.3 ????(PT)
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2.3 ????(PT)
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2.3 ????(PT)
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2.4 ????(MT)
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2.4 ????(MT)
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2.4 ????(MT)
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2.4 ????(MT)
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2.4 ????(MT)
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2.4 ????(MT)
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2.4 ????(MT)
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2.4 ????(MT)
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2.4 ????(MT)
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2.5 ????(ET)

• ????
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2.5 ????(ET)

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??H1??????????????????,??????????i2?i2????????????
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2.5 ????(ET)

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?????????
3 ????

• ????????

????
68
Inspection of Raw Products
3 ????

• Forgings,
• Castings,
• Extrusions,
• etc.

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Inspection Following Secondary Processing
3 ????

• Machining
• Welding
• Grinding
• Heat treating
• Plating
• etc.

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Inspection For In-Service Damage
3 ????

• Cracking
• Corrosion
• Erosion/Wear
• Heat Damage
• etc.

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3 ????
Periodically, power plants are shutdown for
inspection. Inspectors feed eddy current probes
into heat exchanger tubes to check for corrosion
damage.
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3 ????
Electromagnetic devices and visual inspections
are used to find broken wires and other damage to
the wire rope that is used in chairlifts, cranes
and other lifting devices.
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3 ????
Robotic crawlers use ultrasound to inspect the
walls of large above ground tanks for signs of
thinning due to corrosion.
Cameras on long articulating arms are used to
inspect underground storage tanks for damage.
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3 ????

• Nondestructive testing is used extensively during
  the manufacturing of aircraft.
• NDT is also used to find cracks and corrosion
  damage during operation of the aircraft.
• A fatigue crack that started at the site of a
  lightning strike is shown below.

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3 ????

• Aircraft engines are overhauled after being in
  service for a period of time.
• They are completely disassembled, cleaned,
  inspected and then reassembled.
• Fluorescent penetrant inspection is used to check
  many of the parts for cracking.

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3 ????
A defect that went undetected in an engine disk
was responsible for the crash of United Flight
232.
Sioux City, Iowa, July 19, 1989
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3 ????
The failure of a pressure vessel can result in
the rapid release of a large amount of energy.
To protect against this dangerous event, the
tanks are inspected using radiography and
ultrasonic testing.
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3 ????
Special cars are used to inspect thousands of
miles of rail to find cracks that could lead to a
derailment.
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3 ????

• The US has 578,000 highway bridges.
• Corrosion, cracking and other damage can all
  affect a bridges performance.
• The collapse of the Silver Bridge in 1967
  resulted in loss of 47 lives.
• Bridges get a visual inspection about every 2
  years.
• Some bridges are fitted with acoustic emission
  sensors that listen for sounds of cracks
  growing.

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3 ????
NDT is used to inspect pipelines to prevent leaks
that could damage the environment. Visual
inspection, radiography and electromagnetic
testing are some of the NDT methods used.
Remote visual inspection using a robotic crawler.
Magnetic flux leakage inspection. This device,
known as a pig, is placed in the pipeline and
collects data on the condition of the pipe as it
is pushed along by whatever is being transported.
Radiography of weld joints.
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3 ????

• Boeing employees in Philadelphia were given the
  privilege of evaluating the Liberty Bell for
  damage using NDT techniques. Eddy current methods
  were used to measure the electrical conductivity
  of the Bell's bronze casing at various points to
  evaluate its uniformity.

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4. ?????????

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8.????

• ????
• ??? ???????
• ?ISBN ?7-81077-233-3
• ??? ????,?? ??
• ????????????????
• ??????2002?
• ??? ?????
• ?ISBN ?7-111-08565-5
• ??? ????
• ????????????
• ??????2001?

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9.????

• www.ndt-ed.org
• https//www.rcnde.ac.uk/
• www.asnt.org
• http//www.chsndt.org/ndt/
• http//www.quest.gatech.edu/
• http//www.bris.ac.uk/mecheng/research/solids/ndt/
  
• http//www.esm.psu.edu/ultrasonics/rosebio.html
• http//www3.imperial.ac.uk/nde