CONCEPT OF ACCIDENT

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CONCEPT OF ACCIDENT
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What is hazard?

• A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm
  or adverse health effects on something or someone
  under certain conditions at work.
• Basically - can cause harm or adverse effects (to
  individuals as health effects or to organizations
  as property or equipment losses).

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What types of hazards are there?
A common way to classify hazards is by category

• biological - bacteria, viruses, insects, plants,
  birds, animals, and humans, etc.,
• chemical - depends on the physical, chemical and
  toxic properties of the chemical.
• ergonomic - repetitive movements, improper set up
  of workstation, etc.,

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Cont.Hazards is by category

• physical - radiation, magnetic fields, pressure
  extremes (high pressure or vacuum), noise, etc,
• psychosocial - stress, violence, etc.,
• safety - slipping/tripping hazards, inappropriate
  machine guarding, equipment malfunctions or
  breakdowns

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Top 10 hazards for 2011 include

• Radiation overdose and other dose errors during
  radiation
• Therapy
• Alarm hazards
• Cross-contamination from flexible endoscopes
• The high radiation dose of CT scans
• Data loss, system incompatibilities and other
  health IT complications.
• Over sedation during use of PCA infusion pumps
• Needle sticks and other sharps injuries
• Surgical fires
• Defibrillator failure in emergency resuscitation
  attempts

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What is risk?

• Risk is the chance or probability that a person
  will be harmed or experience an adverse
  healtheffect if exposed to a hazard.
• It may also apply to situations with property or
  equipment loss.

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What is an accident?

• An accident is an unplanned event, which could
  result in injury to persons, or in damage to
  plant and equipment or both

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Accident Cases
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What is an adverse health effect?

• A general definition of adverse health effect
  is "any change in body function or the structures
  of cells that can lead to disease or health
  problems".

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Adverse health effects include

• bodily injury, disease,
• change in the way the body functions, grows, or
  develops,
• effects on a developing fetus
• effects on children, grandchildren, etc.
  (inheritable genetic effects)
• decrease in life span,
• change in mental condition resulting from stress,
  traumatic experiences, exposure to solvents, and
  so on, and
• effects on the ability to accommodate additional
  stress.

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fitting the job to workers

• Ergonomik bermaksud, penyesuaian pekerjaan
  terhadap pekerja Setiap pekerja tidak sama
  ukurannya dan setiap orang mempunyai
  keterbatasan-keterbatasan tertentu. Ergonomik
  bertujuan untuk menyusunatur tempat kerja, proses
  kerja, perlengakapan, dan alat-alat supaya sesuai
  dengan kita. Sebagai seorang pekerja, sangat
  penting bagi kita untuk mengetahui bagaimana
  mengatur kontur dan postur badan kita agar ianya
  bersesuai dengan kita.

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incurred losses

• losses that have occurred within a stipulated
  time period whether paid or not.