Chapter 4: Rights and Responsibilities

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Chapter 4 Rights Responsibilities
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Chapter 4Rights and Responsibilities

• Section 1 The Bill of Rights
• Section 2 Guaranteeing Other Rights
• Section 3 Citizens Duties and Responsibilities

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Section 1 The Bill of Rights

• The Main Idea
• The freedoms spelled out in the Bill of
  Rightsthe freedoms of religion, speech, the
  press, and petition, and the right to a speedy
  and fair trialare essential to our democratic
  system.

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Vocabulary words already defined for you!
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A. The Bill of Rights

• Americans wanted their individual rights written
  into the Constitution.
• Several states recommended that a Bill of Rights
  be drafted upon ratification of the Constitution.
• 1791The Bill of Rights became part of the
  Constitution.

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B. Bill of Rights The first 10 amendments to
the Constitution, which set forth basic rights
guaranteed to all Americans.
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1st Amendment protects personal freedoms.

• Freedom of religion
• Americans have the right to practice any religion
  or no religion at all.

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• Separation of church and state The division
  between religion and government.
• Example Supreme Court decisions have prevented
  people from holding school-sponsored prayers in
  public school.

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Freedom of speech

• The right to express ideas and opinions through
  speech.
• The freedom guarantees that Americans can openly
  express their thoughts and ideas.
• Ex Americans can openly criticize the actions
  of government officials.

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• People cannot use their right to freedom of
  speech to injure others.
• Ex A person does not have the right to call
  out Fire! in a crowded room just to see what
  happens.

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• People do not have the right to tell lies or to
  spread false rumors about others. If they do so,
  they may be sued in court for slander.
• Slander Spoken false statements that damage
  another persons reputation.

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Schenck v. United States

• Established what has become known as the clear
  and present danger rule.
• Results 1st amend. has limits

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Freedom of the press

• Right to express ideas in writing.
• Citizens do not have a right to engage in libel.
• Libel Written falsehoods that damage another
  persons reputation.

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Freedom of assembly

• Freedom to hold meetings
• Right to meet to discuss problems and plan
  actions.
• Can gather to express their view about govt

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Freedom of Petition

• The right to ask the govt to do something or
  stop doing something.
• Petition a formal request
• Ex Writing to your representative to pass a law.

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Review Time!!!!
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The first ten amendments to the Constitution are
known as ____ ___ ____.
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Many citizens felt like the Constitution didnt
reach far enough in protecting _______rights.
Several states recommended that a _____ ___
________ be added before the Constitution was
ratified (approved).
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Identify each component of the 1st Amendment.

• Freedom of ________________
• Freedom of ________________
• Freedom of ________________
• Freedom of ________________
• Freedom of ________________

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Right to express ideas in writing.

• Freedom of religion
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of the press
• Freedom of assembly
• Freedom of petition

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Freedom to hold meeting

• Freedom of religion
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of the press
• Freedom of assembly
• Freedom of petition

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Freedom to write your senator about a problem

• Freedom of religion
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of the press
• Freedom of assembly
• Freedom of petition

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The right to express ideas and opinions through
speech.

• Freedom of religion
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of the press
• Freedom of assembly
• Freedom of petition

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Americans have the right to practice any religion
or no religion at all.

• Freedom of religion
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of the press
• Freedom of assembly
• Freedom of petition

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A formal request.
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Written falsehoods that damage another persons
reputation.
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Spoken false statements that damage another
persons reputation.
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The first ten amendments to the Constitution are
known as ____ ___ ____.
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The division between church and state.
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Supreme Court decisions have prevented people
from holding school-sponsored prayers.

• Freedom of ______________
• Identify a vocabulary word that best describes
  this situation.

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Star Magazine writes a scandalous story on the
breakup of TomKat.

• Tom Cruise may sue the magazine for ____________.

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Other rights guaranteed under the Bill of Rights
include

• Second Amendment Right to bear arms

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• Colonial times Americans who served in militias
  carried weapons to protect their communities.
• Americans believed w/o weapons they would be
  powerless if the govt overstepped its powers and
  tried to rule by force.

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3rd Amendment States cannot quarter (giving
housing to) soldiers in private homes during
peacetime w/o the owners consent.

• Under British rule, sometimes colonists were
  forced to house and feed British soldiers.

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Fourth Amendment Protection from unreasonable
search and seizure of private property

• Unless there is just cause, our persons or
  property cannot be searched or property cant be
  taken from us by the govt.

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• A search is reasonable if a judge has issued a
  search warrant.
• Search Warrant A legal document granted by a
  judge that permits police to enter and search a
  place where there is reason to believe evidence
  of a crime will be found.

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5th Amendment has many provisions protecting the
rights of the person being accused.

• 1. Before a person can be brought to trial, a
  grand jury, must indict.
• Grand jury a group that hears evidence in a
  criminal case and decides whether there is enough
  evidence to bring the accused person to trial.

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• Indict to formally accuse a person of a crime.
• 2. Self-incrimination having to testify
  against oneself.
• 3. Double Jeopardy Being tried twice for the
  same crime.

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• 4. No person can be denied life, liberty, or
  property with due process of the law.
• Due process of law The fair application of the
  law to ones case.

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5. The right to own property.

• In some cases, govt has the authority to take
  private property for public use.
• Ex Govt needs to build a road or a school,
  property owners may have to give up their
  property to meet public need.

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The govts power to take citizens property to
meet a public need is called eminent domain.
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Lets review!!!!!!
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Many citizens felt like the Constitution didnt
reach far enough in protecting _______rights.
Several states recommended that a _____ ___
________ be added before the Constitution was
ratified (approved).
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Spoken false statements that damage another
persons reputation.
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A formal request.
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Americans have the right to practice any religion
or no religion at all.

• Freedom of religion
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of the press
• Freedom of assembly
• Freedom of petition

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Written falsehoods that damage another persons
reputation.
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The division between church and state.
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The first ten amendments to the Constitution are
known as ____ ___ ____.
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• Being tried twice for the same crime.

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Bell Ringer
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The first ten amendments to the Constitution are
known as ____ ___ ____.
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Identify five components of the 1st Amendment.

• Freedom of ________, _________, ________,
  _________, ___________

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The Second Amendment gives citizens the right to
______ ______.
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Which amendment protects citizens from quartering
(housing) soldiers during peacetime without their
consent?
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Identify the amendment that protects citizens
from unreasonable search and seizure of private
property.
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• A legal document granted by a judge that permits
  police to enter and search a place where there is
  reason to believe evidence of a crime will be
  found.

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• Which amendment has provisions protecting the
  rights of the person being accused?

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• A group that hears evidence in a criminal case
  and decides whether there is enough evidence to
  bring the accused person to trial.

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• To formally accuse a person of a crime.
• A. Charge
• B. Ticket
• C. Indict
• D. Due process of law

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• Having to testify against oneself.
• A. Discrimination
• B. Self-incrimination
• C. Double jeopardy

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The fair application of the law to ones case.

• A. Double jeopardy
• B. Bail
• C. Due process of law
• D. 4th Amendment

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• The governments power to take citizens property
  to meet a public need.

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Lets get back to it!!!!
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Sixth Amendment Right to a speedy trial

• Guarantees the accused person
• Right to a prompt public trial by a jury.
• Must be informed of the crimes they are charged
  with committing.
• .

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• The right to help of a lawyer. If they cannot
  afford one, one will be provided by the courts.

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7th Amendment Trial by jury involving conflicts
over money or property.
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Eighth Amendment Forbids cruel and unusual
punishment

• Amendment also includes
• Courts cannot set bail that is excessive, or too
  high.
• Bail money or property an accused person
  gives to the court to hold as a guarantee that he
  or she will appear for trial.

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Ninth Amendment States that not all rights are
listed in the Constitution Reserved for the
people
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10th Amendment States that all powers not
expressly given to the federal government nor
forbidden to the states by the Constitution are
reserved for the states or to the people.
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Activity
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1st Amendment Collage

• Using newspapers and magazines to create a
  collage displaying the 1st Amendment.
• At least 1 picture for each freedom
• RELIGION, SPEECH, PRESS, ASSEMBLY, AND PETITION
• Cover the ENTIRE paper
• Place the titles over pictures to show which
  freedoms

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Section 2 Guaranteeing Other Rights

• The Main Idea
• Other amendments to the Constitution expanded the
  civil rights of Americans.

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C. Civil Rights The rights guaranteed to all
U.S. citizens.
Section 2 Guaranteeing Other Rights

• 13th and 14th amendments were added after the
  Civil War to protect the rights of the newly
  freed slaves.

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• The Thirteenth Amendment outlawed slavery in the
  United States in1865.
• The Fourteenth Amendment granted full citizenship
  to African Americans in 1868 and protected
  citizens against unfair actions by state
  governments.

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D. Voting Rights
Section 2 Guaranteeing Other Rights

• One of the most important civil rights is
  suffrage.
• Suffrage the right to vote
• For some groups of Americans, including African
  Americans and women, the struggle to gain the
  right to vote was not won easily.

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• 1870 The Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed the
  right to vote to African American men.
• 1913 The Seventeenth Amendment gave voters
  power to elect their senators.
• 1920 The Nineteenth Amendment granted suffrage
  to women.

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Voting Rights (continued)
Section 2 Guaranteeing Other Rights

• 1961 The Twenty-third Amendment gave citizens
  of Washington, D.C., the right to vote for
  president and vice president.
• 1964 The Twenty-fourth Amendment forbade poll
  taxes.

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Poll tax A special tax that had to be paid in
order to vote.

• 1971 The Twenty-sixth Amendment lowered the
  voting age to 18.

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Summary

• 27 amendments in all.

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Section 3 Citizens Duties and Responsibilities

• The Main Idea
• Along with the rights and freedoms of U.S.
  citizenship come important duties and
  responsibilities.

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E. Duties of citizenship required by law

• Obeying the law
• Attending school
• Paying taxes
• Appearing in court

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• Serving in the Armed Forces
• Draft A policy requiring men to serve in the
  military.

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F. Responsibilities of Citizenship

• Voting
• Being informed
• Taking part in government
• Helping your community
• Respecting and protecting others rights

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Chapter 4 Wrap-Up
1. Which amendments focus on the rights of people
accused of crimes? What rights do these
amendments guarantee? 2. Why was the Ninth
Amendment included in the Bill of Rights? 3. How
did the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments
extend the civil rights of Americans? 4. How have
voting rights been expanded through
constitutional amendments? 5. What are the duties
of citizenship? 6. What are the responsibilities
of citizenship?